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Your search keyword '"Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)"' showing total 26 results
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26 results on '"Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)"'

1. Siberian carbon sink reduced by forest disturbances

Author

Lei Fan, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Jérome Chave, Martin Brandt, Stephen Sitch, Chao Yue, Ana Bastos, Xin Li, Yuanwei Qin, Wenping Yuan, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Liudmila Mukhortova, Xiaojun Li, Xiangzhuo Liu, Mengjia Wang, Frédéric Frappart, Xiangming Xiao, Jingming Chen, Mingguo Ma, Jianguang Wen, Xiuzhi Chen, Hui Yang, Dave van Wees, Rasmus Fensholt, Southwest University [Chongqing], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Northwest A and F University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), University of Toronto, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), and Earth Sciences

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract

International audience; Siberian forests are generally thought to have acted as an important carbon sink over recent decades, but exposure to severe droughts and fire disturbances may have impacted their carbon dynamics. Limited available forest inventories mean the carbon balance remains uncertain. Here we analyse annual live and dead above-ground carbon changes derived from low-frequency passive microwave observations from 2010 to 2019. We find that during this period, the carbon balance of Siberian forests was close to neutral, with the forests acting as a small carbon sink of +0.02+0.03+0.01 PgC yr−1. Carbon storage in dead wood increased, but this was largely offset by a decrease in live biomass. Substantial losses of live above-ground carbon are attributed to fire and drought, such as the widespread fires in northern Siberia in 2012 and extreme drought in eastern Siberia in 2015. These live above-ground carbon losses contrast with ‘greening’ trends seen in leaf area index over the same period, a decoupling explained by faster post-disturbance recovery of leaf area than live above-ground carbon. Our study highlights the vulnerability of large forest carbon stores in Siberia to climate-induced disturbances, challenging the persistence of the carbon sink in this region of the globe.

Published
2023

2. Fuzzy Adaptive Cooperative Consensus Tracking of High-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Networks With Guaranteed Performances

Author

Ning Wang, Guanghui Wen, Fan Zhang, Ying Wang, Ali Zemouche, Air Force Engineering University [Xi'an] (AFEU), Nanjing Southeast University, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Stability (learning theory), Directed graph, guaranteed performances, distributed protocol, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Tracking error, Nonlinear system, Rate of convergence, Consensus, Control and Systems Engineering, [INFO.INFO-AU]Computer Science [cs]/Automatic Control Engineering, Directed topology, Inverse function, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Software, high-order multiagent networks, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; This work addresses the distributed consensus tracking problem for an extended class of high-order nonlinear multiagent networks with guaranteed performances over a directed graph. The adding one power integrator methodology is skillfully incorporated into the distributed protocol so as to tackle high powers in a distributed fashion. The distinguishing feature of the proposed design, besides guaranteeing closed-loop stability, is that some transient-state and steady-state metrics (e.g., maximum overshoot and convergence rate) can be preselected a priori by devising a novel performance function. More precisely, as opposed to conventional prescribed performance functions, a new asymmetry local tracking error-transformed variable is designed to circumvent the singularity problem and alleviate the computational burden caused by the conventional transformation function and its inverse function, and to solve the nondifferentiability issue that exists in most existing designs. Furthermore, the consensus tracking error is shown to converge to a residual set, whose size can be adjusted as small as desired through selecting proper parameters, while ensuring closed-loop stability and preassigned performances. One numerical and one practical example have been conducted to highlight the superiority of the proposed strategy.

Published
2022

3. CNN-Based Hyperspectral Pansharpening With Arbitrary Resolution

Author

Lin He, Jiawei Zhu, Jun Li, Antonio Plaza, Jocelyn Chanussot, Zhuliang Yu, South China University of Technology [Guangzhou] (SCUT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), GIPSA Pôle Sciences des Données (GIPSA-PSD), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Apprentissage de modèles à partir de données massives (Thoth), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), and ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019)

Subjects
Spatial resolution, Hyperspectral imaging, Task analysis, Image reconstruction, Training, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Convolutional neural networks, Pansharpening, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Traditional hyperspectral (HS) pansharpening aims at fusing a HS image with its panchromatic (PAN) counterpart, to bring the spatial resolution of the HS image to that of the PAN image. However, in many practical applications, arbitrary resolution HS (ARHS) pansharpening is required, where the HS and PAN images need to be integrated to generate a pansharpened HS image with arbitrary resolution (usually higher than that of the PAN image). Such an innovative task brings forth new challenges for the pansharpening technique, mainly including how to reconstruct HS images beyond the training scale and how to guarantee spectral fidelity at any spatial resolutions. To tackle the challenges, we present a novel convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method for ARHS pansharpening called ARHS-CNN. It is based on a two-step relay optimization process, which is associated with a multilevel enhancement subnetwork and a rescaling subnetwork. With a careful design following the thread, our ARHS-CNN is able to pansharpen HS images to any spatial resolutions using just a single CNN model trained on a limited number of scales while meantime to keep spectral fidelity at those resolutions, which wins an obvious advantage over traditional pansharpening methods. Experimental results obtained on several datasets verify the excellent performance of our ARHS-CNN method.

Published
2022

4. Mechanism insights in controlling host–guest (de)complexation by thermoresponsive polymer phase transitions

Author

Hui Guo, Gaëlle Le Fer, Thi Nga Tran, Aurélie Malfait, Dominique Hourdet, Alba Marcellan, François Stoffelbach, Joël Lyskawa, Richard Hoogenboom, Patrice Woisel, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (UMR 7615) (SIMM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Bioengineering, Biochemistry
Abstract

International audience; The combination of (thermo)responsive polymers with supramolecular chemistry recently allowed the development of adaptative materials based on the reversible regulation of host-guest complexation. The properties of these artificial systems rely on their synthetic design, which requires a perfect understanding of the mechanisms triggering the thermo-induced decomplexation. Despite recent progress, the origins of this phenomenon are still not fully understood. To investigate the effect of phase separation mechanism and thermodynamics on the host-guest (de)complexation behavior, different naphthalene-functionalized (guest) thermoresponsive polymers, including lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) polymers, were prepared. The hostguest complexation of the polymers with cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (Blue Box) was investigated in water at different temperatures. Host-guest complexation was lost upon heating-induced hydrophobic phase separation of complexed guest-functionalized LCST-polymers, while, in contrast, the host-guest complex was retained upon cooling-induced hydrogen bond-driven phase separation of a complexed guest-functionalized UCST polymer. This comparative analysis showed that the mechanism behind the thermoresponsive polymer phase separation is a key factor that dominates the host-guest (de)complexation.

Published
2022

5. An Inversion Algorithm for the Dynamic Modulus of Concrete Pavement Structures Based on a Convolutional Neural Network

Author

Gongfa Chen, Xuedi Chen, Linqing Yang, Zejun Han, David Bassir, Guangdong University of Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (CB), Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and BASSIR, DAVID

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, pavement structure, dynamic modulus, convolution neural network, inversion algorithm, falling weight deflectometer, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, [MATH] Mathematics [math], Computer Science Applications, [STAT] Statistics [stat], [STAT]Statistics [stat], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Materials Science, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; Based on the spectral element method (SEM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), an inversion algorithm for the dynamic modulus of concrete pavement structures is proposed in this paper. In order to evaluate the service performance of pavement structures more systematically and accurately via the existing testing techniques using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD), it is necessary to obtain accurate dynamic modulus parameters of the structures. In this work, an inversion algorithm for predicting the dynamic modulus is established by using a CNN which is trained with the dynamic response samples of a multi-layered concrete pavement structure obtained through SEM. The gradient descent method is used to adjust the weight parameters in the network layer by layer in reverse. As a result, the accuracy of the CNN can be improved via iterative training. With the proposed algorithm, more accurate results of the dynamic modulus of pavement structures are obtained. The accuracy and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm are verified by several numerical examples. The dynamic modulus and thickness of concrete pavement structure layers can be accurately predicted by the CNN trained with a certain number of training samples based on the displacement curve of the deflection basin from the falling weight deflectometer. The proposed method can provide a reliable testing tool for the FWD technique of pavement structures.

Published
2023

6. Gut-specific telomerase expression counteracts systemic aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish

Author

Mounir El Maï, Malia Bird, Asma Allouche, Seniye Targen, Naz Şerifoğlu, Bruno Lopes-Bastos, Jean-Marie Guigonis, Da Kang, Thierry Pourcher, Jia-Xing Yue, Miguel Godinho Ferreira, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT (JOLIOT), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência [Oeiras] (IGC), and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

Subjects
Aging, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract

Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and is counteracted by telomerase. As in humans, the zebrafish gut is one of the organs with the fastest rate of telomere decline, triggering early tissue dysfunction during normal zebrafish aging and in prematurely aged telomerase mutants. However, whether telomere-dependent aging of an individual organ, the gut, causes systemic aging is unknown. Here we show that tissue-specific telomerase expression in the gut can prevent telomere shortening and rescues premature aging of tert−/−. Induction of telomerase rescues gut senescence and low cell proliferation, while restoring tissue integrity, inflammation and age-dependent microbiota dysbiosis. Averting gut aging causes systemic beneficial impacts, rescuing aging of distant organs such as reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Conclusively, we show that gut-specific telomerase expression extends the lifespan of tert−/− by 40%, while ameliorating natural aging. Our work demonstrates that gut-specific rescue of telomerase expression leading to telomere elongation is sufficient to systemically counteract aging in zebrafish.

Published
2023

7. Estimating Aboveground Carbon Dynamic of China Using Optical and Microwave Remote-Sensing Datasets from 2013 to 2019

Author

Chang, Zhongbing, Fan, Lei, J.-P., Wigneron, Wang, Ying-Ping, Ciais, Philippe, Chave, Jérôme, Fensholt, Rasmus, Chen, Jing M., Yuan, Wenping, Ju, Weimin, Li, Xin, Jiang, Fei, Wu, Mousong, Chen, Xiuzhi, Qin, Yuanwei, Frappart, Frédéric, Li, Xiaojun, Wang, Mengjia, Liu, Xiangzhuo, Tang, Xuli, Hobeichi, Sanaa, Yu, Mengxiao, Ma, Mingguo, Xiao, Qing, Wen, Jianguang, Shi, Weiyu, Liu, Dexin, Yan, Junhua, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Southwest University [Chongqing], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), University of Toronto, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Nanjing University (NJU), University of Oklahoma (OU), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

Over the past 2 to 3 decades, Chinese forests are estimated to act as a large carbon sink, yet the magnitude and spatial patterns of this sink differ considerably among studies. Using 3 microwave (L- and X-band vegetation optical depth [VOD]) and 3 optical (normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, and tree cover) remote-sensing vegetation products, this study compared the estimated live woody aboveground biomass carbon (AGC) dynamics over China between 2013 and 2019. Our results showed that tree cover has the highest spatial consistency with 3 published AGC maps (mean correlation value R = 0.84), followed by L-VOD ( R = 0.83), which outperform the other VODs. An AGC estimation model was proposed to combine all indices to estimate the annual AGC dynamics in China during 2013 to 2019. The performance of the AGC estimation model was good (root mean square error = 0.05 Pg C and R 2 = 0.90 with a mean relative uncertainty of 9.8% at pixel scale [0.25°]). Results of the AGC estimation model showed that carbon uptake by the forests in China was about +0.17 Pg C year −1 from 2013 to 2019. At the regional level, provinces in southwest China including Guizhou (+22.35 Tg C year −1 ), Sichuan (+14.49 Tg C year −1 ), and Hunan (+11.42 Tg C year −1 ) provinces had the highest carbon sink rates during 2013 to 2019. Most of the carbon-sink regions have been afforested recently, implying that afforestation and ecological engineering projects have been effective means for carbon sequestration in these regions.

Published
2023

8. Sums of even ascending powers

Author

Kuan, Chan Ieong, Lesesvre, Didier, Xiao, Xuanxuan, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Université de Lille, and Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST)

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, FOS: Mathematics, 11P05, 11P55, Number Theory (math.NT), [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract

Freiman and Scourfield proved that any large enough integer can be written as a sum of a certain number of ascending even powers. We use the circle method to provide the first explicit bound on this number, and show that any large enough integer can be written as a sum of 133 ascending even powers., Comment: 20 pages

Published
2022

9. Quadratic Twists of Central Values For GL(3)

Author

Chan Ieong Kuan, Didier Lesesvre, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Université de Lille

Subjects
General Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract

We prove that a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}(3)$ over any number field is determined by the quadratic twists of its central value. In the case π is not a Gelbart–Jacquet lift, the result is conditional on the analytic behavior of a certain Euler product. We deduce the nonvanishing of infinitely many quadratic twists of central values. This generalizes a result of Chinta and Diaconu that was valid only over Q and explored only for Gelbart–Jacquet lifts.

Published
2022

10. What can the Glasgow Declaration on Forests bring to global emission reduction?

Author

Yakun Zhu, Daju Wang, Pete Smith, Philippe Ciais, Shilong Piao, Wenping Yuan, Zhangcai Qin, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Aberdeen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Peking University [Beijing]

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

Commentary; International audience; The Glasgow Declaration on Forests signed at the recent UN Climate Change Conference (COP 26) committed to halting forest loss by 2030. 141 countries and regions, collectively covering over 90% of global forest, endorsed this declaration. Avoiding forest loss can generally contribute to climate change mitigation; however, the impacts of the declaration on global carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) emission reduction are still unclear. Here we show that the Glasgow Declaration, if implemented fully and in a timely fashion, could reduce 123 Gt CO$_2$ of emission from 2021 to 2050. This study also highlights that any delays in implementing the declaration would decrease the avoided emission. Although the Glasgow Declaration is a milestone for mitigating climate change, the more ambitious afforestation plan is urgently needed to keep the global temperature rise to below 1.5°C relative to pre-industrial levels.

Published
2022

11. Observations and Implications of Diurnal Climatology and Trends in Direct and Diffuse Solar Radiation Over China

Author

Yawen Wang, Jiahua Zhang, Jörg Trentmann, Stephanie Fiedler, Su Yang, Arturo Sanchez‐Lorenzo, Katsumasa Tanaka, Wenping Yuan, Martin Wild, Ocean University of China (OUC), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics (EPP), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and ANR-19-MPGA-0008,PRATO,Achieving the Paris Agreement Temperature Targets after Overshoot(2019)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

Solar radiation received at the Earth's surface (Rs) is comprised of two components, the direct radiation (Rd) and the diffuse radiation (Rf). Rd, the direct beam from the sun, is essential for concentrated solar power generation. Rf, scattered by atmospheric molecules, aerosols, or cloud droplets, has a fertilization effect on plant photosynthesis. But how Rd and Rf change diurnally is largely unknown owing to the lack of long-term measurements. Taking advantage of 22 years of homogeneous hourly surface observations over China, this study documents the climatological means and evolutions in the diurnal cycles of Rd and Rf since 1993, with an emphasis on their implications for solar power and agricultural production. Over the solar energy resource region, we observe a loss of Rd which is relatively large near sunrise and sunset at low solar elevation angles when the sunrays pass through the atmosphere on a longer pathway. However, the concentrated Rd energy covering an average 10-hr period around noon during a day is relatively unaffected. Over the agricultural crop resource region, the large amounts of clouds and aerosols scattering more of the incoming light result in Rf taking the main proportion of Rs during the whole day. Rf resources and their fertilization effect in the main crop region of China further enhances since 1993 over almost all hours of the day. Key Points: - The loss of direct radiation over China since 1993 is relatively large at sunrise and sunset with little effect on solar power generation - The diffuse component dominates solar radiation normally near sunrise and sunset, but for the whole day over the main sown area of China - The diffuse fraction is further enhanced in the main sown area of China over almost all hours of the day since 1993

Published
2022

12. Drought soil legacy alters drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationships in oldfield systems

Author

Nianxun Xi, Dongxia Chen, Michael Bahn, Hangyu Wu, Chengjin Chu, Marc W. Cadotte, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31600342 National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31925027

Subjects
mesocosm experiment, Multidisciplinary, climate change, parasitic diseases, fungi, food and beverages, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem functions, biodiversity
Abstract

International audience; Ecosystem functions are threatened by both recurrent droughts and declines in biodiversity at a global scale, but the drought dependency of diversity-productivity relationships remains poorly understood. Here, we use a two-phase mesocosm experiment with simulated drought and model oldfield communities (360 experimental mesocosms/plant communities) to examine drought-induced changes in soil microbial communities along a plant species richness gradient and to assess interactions between past drought (soil legacies) and subsequent drought on plant diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) drought decreases bacterial and fungal richness and modifies relationships between plant species richness and microbial groups; (ii) drought soil legacy increases net biodiversity effects, but responses of net biodiversity effects to plant species richness are unaffected; and (iii) linkages between plant species richness and complementarity/selection effects vary depending on past and subsequent drought. These results provide mechanistic insight into biodiversity-productivity relationships in a changing environment, with implications for the stability of ecosystem function under climate change.

Published
2022

13. The impact of termites on soil sheeting properties is better explained by environmental factors than by their feeding and building strategies

Author

Pascal Jouquet, Ajay Harit, Vincent Hervé, Hemanth Moger, Tiago Carrijo, David A. Donoso, David Eldridge, Hélida Ferreira da Cunha, Chutinan Choosai, Jean-Louis Janeau, Jean-Luc Maeght, Thuy Doan Thu, Alexia Briandon, Myriam Dahbi Skali, John van Thuyne, Ali Mainga, Olga Patricia Pinzon Florian, Oumarou Malam Issa, Pascal Podwojewski, Jean-Louis Rajot, Thierry Henri-des-Tureaux, Lotfi Smaili, Mohamed Labiadh, Hanane Aroui Boukbida, Rashmi Shanbhag, Ratha Muon, Vannak Ann, Sougueh Cheik, Saliou Fall, Saran Traoré, Simon Dupont, Thomas Chouvenc, Aaron J. Mullins, Syaukani Syaukani, Rainer Zaiss, Tran Minh Tien, Jan Šobotník, Apolline Auclerc, Rongliang Qiu, Ye-Tao Tang, Hermine Huot, David Sillam-Dussès, Nicolas Bottinelli, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Mahatma Gandhi University [Kerala], Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Science, Universidade Federal do ABC = Federal University of ABC = Université Fédérale de l'ABC [Brazil] (UFABC), Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas [Bogota], Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Institute of Technology of Cambodia [Cambodge] (KHM), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, French national Institute of Research for Development (IRD), and Indo-French Cell for Water Science (LMI CEFIRSE, http://www.cefirse.ird.fr)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Feeding guilds, Ecosystem engineers, Soil Science, Biostructures, Bioturbation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, complex mixtures, Fungus-growing termites
Abstract

International audience; Termites are key soil bioturbators in tropical ecosystems. Apart from mound nests constructed by some advanced lineages, most of the species use their faeces, oral secretions, debris, or soil aggregates to protect themselves from predators and desiccation when they go out to forage. Although this soil ‘sheeting’ is considered to play a key role in soil functioning, the properties of this termite-made material has been poorly studied. The few available data showed that sheeting properties are highly variable with positive, neutral or negative impacts on soil C and clay content, and consequently on soil aggregate stability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the factors controlling the physical (particle size fractions and structural stability) and chemical (pH, electrical conductivity and carbon content) properties of soil sheeting produced by termite species encompassing all feeding and building categories using a dataset representative of an important diversity of biotopes coming from 21 countries from all continents colonized by termites. We showed that sheeting properties were explained by the properties of their environment, and especially by those of the bulk soil (linear relationships), followed in a lesser extent by the mean annual precipitation and biotope. Classic hypotheses related to termite feeding and building strategies were not hold by our analysis. However, the distinction of termites into fungus-growing and non-fungus growing species was useful when differentiating the impact of termites on soil electrical conductivity, C content, and structural stability. The large variability observed suggests the need to redefine termite functional groups based on their impacts on soil properties using a trait-based approach from morphological, anatomical and/or physiological traits.

Published
2022

14. Performing Restoration Shakespeare 'Then' and 'Now': A Case Study of Davenant's Macbeth

Author

Fretz, Claude and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)

Subjects
Davenant, theater, [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Shakespeare, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Macbeth, Restoration, music, adaptation, performance
Abstract

International audience; Focusing on a case study of William Davenant's Macbeth (c.1664), this article sets out to explore how and why Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare's plays succeeded in performance in their own time (especially in the 1660s and 1670s) and how they might be revived for audiences today. To achieve this, the article combines theater history and literary criticism with practice-based performance scholarship. Firstly, it draws on reviews and reports from the Restoration to examine how and why rewriting and adaptation were necessary to ensure the survival of Shakespeare's plays after the end of the English Civil War. In the same segment, the article also examines how the emphasis on musical and visual spectacle and the use of heavily revised playtexts were received by seventeenth-century playgoers. The article then uses observations and conclusions made during a rare professional production of Davenant's Macbeth at the Folger Theatre in Washington, DC (2018) to investigate how Restoration adaptations of Shakespeare can inform modern theater practice. The conflicts and obstacles that were encountered in this production, and the possibilities and solutions that were discovered, can offer lessons as well as strategies for performing Restoration Shakespeare both now and in the future. By considering the creative choices made during the Folger's production and investigating how these were received by reviewers and audiences, the article suggests a selective and adaptive approach to using Restoration Shakespeare in modern theater practice: namely, one that exploits the performance potential of the musical spectacle and of the new characters that were added by Restoration adapters but treats with caution the revisions of Shakespeare's plots and language.

Published
2022

15. Determination of global land surface temperature using data from only five selected thermal infrared channels: Method extension and accuracy assessment

Author

Huabing Huang, Xiaopo Zheng, Françoise Nerry, Zhao-Liang Li, Tianxing Wang, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land surface temperature, Soil Science, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Temperature-emissivity separation, Emissivity, Computers in Earth Sciences, Retrieval algorithm, Energy exchange, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Thermal infrared, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Accuracy assessment, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Thermal infrared data, Land surface temperature (LST), Split window, Scale (map), Communication channel
Abstract

International audience; Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential input for modeling the processes of energy exchange and balance of the earth's surface. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is considered to be the most efficient way to obtain accurate LST, both regionally and globally. Currently, many LST retrieval algorithms have been developed, including the up-to-date SW-TES (SW: split window; TES: temperature-emissivity separation) method, which is claimed to be able to accurately derive LST without the need for atmospheric information and land surface emissivity (LSE) based on the selected multiple TIR channel configuration. However, this hybrid method is actually not applicable to observations with large viewing angles and was only preliminarily evaluated in Australia. In this study, this method was extended for application to global TIR measurements with different viewing angles. Additionally, the performance of this extended SW-TES method was assessed globally for different seasons by using the MODIS LST product as a reference, and was also validated using in-situ LST measurements from the SURFRAD (SURFace RADiation budget network) sites. The results showed that the LST retrievals using the extended SW-TES method were comparable to the MODIS LST product, with discrepancies of 4.0 K). Overall, in this study, the SW-TES method was extended, and the performance was comprehensively evaluated at the global scale, which may help in facilitating its potential applications.

Published
2022

16. Foundational number sense training gains are predicted by hippocampal–parietal circuits

Author

Hyesang Chang, Lang Chen, Yuan Zhang, Ye Xie, Carlo de Los Angeles, Emma Adair, Gaston Zanitti, Demian Wassermann, Miriam Rosenberg-Lee, Vinod Menon, Stanford University, Santa Clara University, Zhejiang University, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Modèles et inférence pour les données de Neuroimagerie (MIND), IFR49 - Neurospin - CEA, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, LargeSmallBrainNets, LargeBrainNets, and European Project: 757672,H2020 Pilier ERC,NeuroLang(2018)

Subjects
Male, General Neuroscience, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, education, Math Learning, Number Sense, Hippocampus, Diffusion MRI, Meta-analysis, Cognition, Child, Preschool, Parietal Lobe, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Female, Child, Research Articles, Mathematics, Problem Solving, Functional MRI
Abstract

The development of mathematical skills in early childhood relies on number sense, the foundational ability to discriminate among quantities. Number sense in early childhood is predictive of academic and professional success, and deficits in number sense are thought to underlie lifelong impairments in mathematical abilities. Despite its importance, the brain circuit mechanisms that support number sense learning remain poorly understood. Here, we designed a theoretically motivated training program to determine brain circuit mechanisms underlying foundational number sense learning in female and male elementary school-age children (7–10 years). Our 4 week integrative number sense training program gradually strengthened the understanding of the relations between symbolic (Arabic numerals) and nonsymbolic (sets of items) representations of quantity. We found that our number sense training program improved symbolic quantity discrimination ability in children across a wide range of math abilities including children with learning difficulties. Crucially, the strength of pretraining functional connectivity between the hippocampus and intraparietal sulcus, brain regions implicated in associative learning and quantity discrimination, respectively, predicted individual differences in number sense learning across typically developing children and children with learning difficulties. Reverse meta-analysis of interregional coactivations across 14,371 fMRI studies and 89 cognitive functions confirmed a reliable role for hippocampal–intraparietal sulcus circuits in learning. Our study identifies a canonical hippocampal–parietal circuit for learning that plays a foundational role in children's cognitive skill acquisition. Findings provide important insights into neurobiological circuit markers of individual differences in children's learning and delineate a robust target for effective cognitive interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMathematical skill development relies on number sense, the ability to discriminate among quantities. Here, we develop a theoretically motivated training program and investigate brain circuits that predict number sense learning in children during a period important for acquisition of foundational cognitive skills. Our integrated number sense training program was effective in children across a wide a range of math abilities, including children with learning difficulties. We identify hippocampal–parietal circuits that predict individual differences in learning gains. Our study identifies a brain circuit critical for the acquisition of foundational cognitive skills, which will be useful for developing effective interventions to remediate learning disabilities.

Published
2022

17. A 10-miRNA risk score-based prediction model for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer

Author

Chang Gong, Ziliang Cheng, Yaping Yang, Jun Shen, Yingying Zhu, Li Ling, Wanyi Lin, Zhigang Yu, Zhihua Li, Weige Tan, Chushan Zheng, Wenbo Zheng, Jiajie Zhong, Xiang Zhang, Yunjie Zeng, Qiang Liu, R. Stephanie Huang, Andrzej L. Komorowski, Eddy S. Yang, François Bertucci, Francesco Ricci, Armando Orlandi, Gianluca Franceschini, Kazuaki Takabe, Suzanne Klimberg, Naohiro Ishii, Angela Toss, Mona P. Tan, Mathew A. Cherian, Erwei Song, ESCP-EAP (ESCP-EAP), Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Métabolisme et physiologie rénales (ERL 8228), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Information and Technology Science [Jilin], Jilin Agricultural University (JAU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), University of Manchester [Manchester], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Curie [Paris]

Subjects
microRNA signature, Settore MED/08 - ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, nomogram, Breast Neoplasms, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Neoadjuvant Therapy, MicroRNAs, Risk Factors, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors breast cancer usually experience a relatively low pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Here, we derived a 10-microRNA risk score (10-miRNA RS)-based model with better performance in the prediction of pCR and validated its relation with the disease-free survival (DFS) in 755 HR-positive breast cancer patients (273, 265, and 217 in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively). This model, presented as a nomogram, included four parameters: the 10-miRNA RS found in our previous study, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, and volume transfer constant (K-trans). Favorable calibration and discrimination of 10-miRNA RS-based model with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.865, 0.811, and 0.804 were shown in the training, internal, and external validation sets, respectively. Patients who have higher nomogram score (>92.2) with NAC treatment would have longer DFS (hazard ratio=0.57; 95%CI: 0.39-0.83; P=0.004). In summary, our data showed the 10-miRNA RS-based model could precisely identify more patients who can attain pCR to NAC, which may help clinicians formulate the personalized initial treatment strategy and consequently achieves better clinical prognosis for patients with HR-positive breast cancer.

Published
2022

18. The Formation of the North Qilian Shan through Time: Clues from Detrital Zircon Fission-Track Data from Modern River Sediments

Author

Xu Lin, Marc Jolivet, Jing Liu-Zeng, Feng Cheng, Zhonghai Wu, Yuntao Tian, Lingling Li, Jixin Chen, China Three Gorges University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tianjin University (TJU), Peking University [Beijing], Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences [Beijing] (CAGS), Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41972212, 42030305), and Research Foundation of Chutian Scholars Program of Hubei Province (No. 8210403).

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, North Qilian Shan, Hei River, zircon fission track, LA-ICP-MS, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the formation of the North Qilian Shan in the NE Tibetan Plateau provides insights into the growth mechanisms of the northern region of the plateau across time. Detrital zircon fission-track (ZFT) analyses of river sediments can provide a comprehensive understanding of the exhumation history during prolonged orogenesis. Here, we applied the detrital thermochronology approach to the Qilian Shan orogenic belt. This work presents the first single-grain detrital ZFT data from river-bed sediments of the upper Hei River catchment in North Qilian Shan. The single ZFT ages are widely distributed between about 1200 Ma and about 40 Ma. These data record the protracted history of the Qilian Shan region from the Neoproterozoic evolution of Rodinia and late Paleozoic amalgamation of Central Asia to the accretion of the Gondwanian blocks during the Meso-Cenozoic era. Strong post-magmatic cooling events occurred in North Qilian Shan at 1200~1000 Ma, corresponding to the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. The age population at 800 Ma documents the oceanic spreading in the late Neoproterozoic dismantling of Rodinia. ZFT ages ranging from about 750 Ma to 550 Ma (with age peaks at 723 Ma and 588 Ma) are consistent with the timing of the opening and spreading of the Qilian Ocean. The age peaks at 523 Ma and 450 Ma mark the progressive closure of that ocean ending with the collision of the Qilian block with the Alxa block—North China craton in the Devonian. The Qilian Ocean finally closed in Late Devonian (age peak at 375 Ma). In the late Paleozoic (275 Ma), the subduction of the Paleotethys Ocean led to extensive magmatic activity in the North Qilian Shan. During the Lower Cretaceous (145 Ma), the accretion of the Lhasa block to the south (and potentially the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean to the northeast) triggered a renewed tectonic activity in the Qilian Shan. Finally, a poorly defined early Eocene exhumation event (50 Ma) suggests that the NE Tibetan Plateau started to deform nearly synchronously with the onset of the India-Asia collision. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining modern-river detrital thermo-/geochronological ages and bedrock geochronological ages to understand large-scale orogenic evolution processes.

Published
2022

19. Deciphering the multiple effects of climate warming on the temporal shift of leaf unfolding

Author

Haicheng Zhang, Isabelle Chuine, Pierre Regnier, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Zhuhai], Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), JCTD-2020-05, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 101003536, 776810, ESM2025, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS, H.Z. and P.R. thank the Lateral-CNP project (no. 34823748) supported by Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements nos. 776810 (VERIFY) and 101003536 (ESM2025—Earth System Models for the Future). W.Y. is funded by the CAS interdisciplinary team (no. JCTD-2020-05). We thank all members of the PEP725 network for collecting and providing phenological data., and European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Phenology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

International audience; Changes in winter and spring temperatures have been widely used to explain the diverse responses of spring phenology to climate change. However, few studies have quantified their respective effects. Using 386,320 in situ observations of leaf unfolding date (LUD) of six tree species in Europe, we show that accelerated spring thermal accumulation and changes in winter chilling explain, on average, 61% and 39%, respectively, of the advancement in LUD for the period 1951–2019. We find that winter warming may not have delayed bud dormancy release, but rather it has increased the thermal requirement in reaching leaf unfolding. This increase in thermal requirement and the decreased efficiency of spring warming for thermal accumulation partly explain the weakening response of leaf unfolding to warming. Our study stresses the need to better assess the antagonistic and heterogeneous effects of winter and spring warming on leaf phenology, which is key to projecting future vegetation–climate feedbacks.

Published
2022

20. EGFR is a master switch between immunosuppressive and immunoactive tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer

Author

Xiaoping Wang, Takashi Semba, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Jing Wang, Shan Shao, Francois Bertucci, Pascal Finetti, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Lan Thi Hanh Phi, Troy Pearson, Steven J. Van Laere, Jared K. Burks, Evan N. Cohen, James M. Reuben, Fei Yang, Hu Min, Nicholas Navin, Van Ngu Trinh, Toshiaki Iwase, Harsh Batra, Yichao Shen, Xiang Zhang, Debu Tripathy, Naoto T. Ueno, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), and Department of Breast Medical Oncology [Houston]

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human medicine
Abstract

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, is driven by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Current treatments for IBC have limited efficacy. In a clinical trial (NCT01036087), an anti-EGFR antibody combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy produced the highest pathological complete response rate ever reported in patients with IBC having triple-negative receptor status. We determined the molecular and immunological mechanisms behind this superior clinical outcome. Using novel humanized IBC mouse models, we discovered that EGFR-targeted therapy remodels the IBC TME by increasing cytotoxic T cells and reducing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. These changes were due to diminishing immunosuppressive chemokine expression regulated by transcription factor EGR1. We also showed that induction of an immunoactive IBC TME by an anti-EGFR antibody improved the antitumor efficacy of an anti–PD-L1 antibody. Our findings lay the foundation for clinical trials evaluating EGFR-targeted therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer.

Published
2022

21. Improved global-scale predictions of soil carbon stocks with Millennial Version 2

Author

Katerina Georgiou, Xiaofeng Xu, Bertrand Guenet, Haicheng Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Wenping Yuan, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, R. Z. Abramoff, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Stanford University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), San Diego State University (SDSU), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), R.Z.A. thanks Jinyun Tang and Elisa Thébault for helpful discussion about model formulation. R.Z.A. was supported by the French government grant 'Make Our Planet Great Again' and by a Marie Skłodowska–Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant no. 834-169) from the European Union's Horizon 2020 program. K.G. was supported as a Lawrence Fellow at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) by the LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 21-ERD-045 and the US DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program as part of the LLNL Microbes Persist Scientific Focus Area, SCW1632. Work at LLNL was conducted under the auspices of US DOE Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. X.X. has been supported by the ORNL Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area (ORNL TES-SFA) and NGEE Arctic projects and DE-SC0014416, which are supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science., European Project: 834169,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2018,FlexMod(2020), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineral association, Soil organic carbon stocks, Biome, Soil Science, Fractionation, Atmospheric sciences, Microbial decomposition, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Latitude, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Particulates, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil carbon modeling, Cycling
Abstract

Soil carbon (C) models are used to predict C sequestration responses to climate and land use change. Yet, the soil models embedded in Earth system models typically do not represent processes that reflect our current understanding of soil C cycling, such as microbial decomposition, mineral association, and aggregation. Rather, they rely on conceptual pools with turnover times that are fit to bulk C stocks and/or fluxes. As measurements of soil fractions become increasingly available, it is necessary for soil C models to represent these measurable quantities so that model processes can be evaluated more accurately. Here we present Version 2 (V2) of the Millennial model, a soil model developed to simulate C pools that can be measured by extraction or fractionation, including particulate organic C, mineral-associated organic C, aggregate C, microbial biomass, and low molecular weight C. Model processes have been updated to reflect the current understanding of mineral-association, temperature sensitivity and reaction kinetics, and different model structures were tested within an open-source framework. We evaluated the ability of Millennial V2 to simulate total soil organic C (SOC), as well as the mineral-associated and particulate fractions, using three independent data sets of soil fractionation measurements spanning a range of climate and geochemistry in Australia (N = 495), Europe (N = 175), and across the globe (N = 659). When using all the data together (N = 1329), the Millennial V2 model predicted SOC (RMSE = 3.3 kg C m−2, AIC = 675, R i n 2 = 0.31, R o u t 2 = 0.26) better than the widely-used first-order decomposition model Century (RMSE = 3.4 kg C m−2, AIC = 696, R i n 2 = 0.21, R o u t 2 = 0.18) across sites, despite the fact that Millennial V2 has an increase in process complexity and number of parameters compared to Century. Millennial V2 also reproduced the observed fraction of C in MAOM and larger particle size fractions for most latitudes and biomes, and allows for a more detailed understanding of the pools and processes that affect model performance. It is important to note that this study evaluates the spatial variation in C stock only, and that the temporal dynamics of Millennial V2 remain to be tested. The Millennial V2 model updates the conceptual Century model pools and processes and represents our current understanding of the roles that microbial activity, mineral association and aggregation play in soil C sequestration.

Published
2022

22. Processing of Plants to Products: Gold, REEs and Other Elements

Author

Marie-Odile Simonnot, Ye-Tao Tang, Baptiste Laubie, Bastien Jally, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), van der Ent A., Baker A.J.M., Echevarria G., Simonnot M.O., and Morel J.L.

Subjects
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Circular economy, Scale (chemistry), Rare earth, Biomass, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Tailings, 12. Responsible consumption, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Environmental science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Nickel recovery by agromining has been widely studied because of the abundance of species that hyperaccumulate this element. But at the same time, in the context of the circular economy, there is growing interest in recovery of other elements for both economic and environmental reasons. Firstly, the recovery of gold from mine tailings appears increasingly promising, as does that of rare earth elements, which are strategic for numerous advanced technologies. In both cases, the economic value is a driver but also a need to remediate mine tailing by nature-based solutions. Secondly, despite being less valuable, the recovery of Cd and Zn has been much studied, because these two elements are contaminants of many industrial or agricultural soils and many plants are capable of accumulating them. It is therefore essential to find solutions for disposal of the biomass contaminated with metals and preferably by profiting from it. For this set of elements, processes based on thermal or chemical methods have been proposed on a small scale and some are on the verge of being scaled up. Other elements, such as metals of the platinoid family, Mn or molecules of pharmaceutical interest, have been the subject of pioneering work that remains to be developed. At the present time, it can be considered that in this area there is still a world to explore.

Published
2021

23. Updating MISEV: Evolving the minimal requirements for studies of extracellular vesicles

Author

Kenneth W Witwer, Deborah CI Goberdhan, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Clotilde Théry, Joshua A Welsh, Cherie Blenkiron, Edit I Buzás, Dolores Di Vizio, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M Falcón‐Pérez, Qing‐Ling Fu, Andrew F Hill, Metka Lenassi, Jan Lötvall, Rienk Nieuwland, Takahiro Ochiya, Sophie Rome, Susmita Sahoo, Lei Zheng, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], University of Oxford, Trinity College Dublin, Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of Auckland [Auckland], Semmelweis University [Budapest], Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of Virginia, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), La Trobe University, University of Ljubljana, University of Gothenburg (GU), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Tokyo Medical University, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Southern Medical University [Guangzhou], CarMeN, laboratoire, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, ACS - Microcirculation, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, and CCA - Imaging and biomarkers

Subjects
standardization, Histology, QH573-671, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell Biology, exosomes, Reference Standards, rigor, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], ectosomes, Editorial, MISEV, Humans, extracellular vesicles, Cytology, microvesicles, reproducibility
Abstract

International audience; The minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs, MISEV) is a field-consensus rigour initiative of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). The last update to MISEV, MISEV2018, was informed by input from more than 400 scientists and made recommendations in the six broad topics of EV nomenclature, sample collection and pre-processing, EV separation and concentration, characterization, functional studies, and reporting requirements/exceptions. To gather opinions on MISEV and ideas for new updates, the ISEV Board of Directors canvassed previous MISEV authors and society members. Here, we share conclusions that are relevant to the ongoing evolution of the MISEV initiative and other ISEV rigour and standardization efforts.

Published
2021

24. Multiple tectonic-magmatic Mo-enrichment events in Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, NW China and its’ implications for the formation of giant porphyry Mo deposit

Author

Jun Gao, Laurent Oscar, Tao Hong, Mingguo Zhai, Yuejun Wang, Kateřina D. Schlöglová, David Dolejš, Xing-Wang Xu, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], College of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Beijing], University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)

Subjects
Mineralization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Phanerozoic, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, Geology, Tectonics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Molybdenum, Molybdenite, Economic Geology, Re-Mo Molybdenite, Negative correlation, Porphyry deposits, Multiple Mo enrichment
Abstract

International audience; The Yuleken porphyry Cu-Mo deposit located in the Chinese Altay-East Junggar, a section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the world's largest Phanerozoic subduction-accretionary orogen, witnessed the multistage tectonic-magmatic evolution and mineralization from arc to syn- and post-collision environment over a time span of about 52 Ma. Four types of molybdenite have been distinguished: (1) primary magmatic-hydrothermal, undeformed molybdenite in porphyry, (2) recrystallized molybdenite associated with ductile deformation, (3) recrystallized, intrafoliational molybdenite, and (4) fracture-related hydrothermal molybdenite, and these are characterized by decreasing Re abundances from magmatic to hydrothermal conditions. Individual molybdenite types are non-stoichiometric and exhibit the following negative correlation between the Mo and Re contents:Re (apfu) = −0.0026 Mo (apfu) + 0.00268.This trend reflects successive stages of tectonic-hydrothermal events from a magmatic island-arc to a post-collisional setting. These repetitive mineralization events produced Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo grade of the Yuleken deposit, and are recorded in progressively decreasing Re concentrations in molybdenite. Statistical evaluation of Mo and Re abundances in giant to small porphyry deposits worldwide also indicates that decreasing Re in molybdenite will lead to lower overall Re resource (in a single deposit) and to greater overall Mo resource (in the same deposit). Multiple mineralization processes related to repetitive tectonomagmatic episodes in large porphyry Mo deposits that display Re depletion in molybdenite suggest that reworking of mantle-derived porphyry systems by successive events of crustal growth may be the responsible for Mo enrichment and higher overall Mo ore grade, and eventually produce giant porphyry molybdenum deposits.

Published
2021

25. Aborting meiosis allows recombination in sterile diploid yeast hybrids

Author

Jean Luc Legras, Angela Lutazi, Melania D’Angiolo, Karl Persson, Sylvie Dequin, Benoit Albaud, Matteo De Chiara, Souhir Marsit, Agnès Llored, Lorenzo Tattini, Benjamin Barré, Simone Mozzachiodi, Jonas Warringer, Jia-Xing Yue, Alain Nicolas, Sophie Loeillet, Agurtzane Irizar, Neža Škofljanc, Raphaelle Laureau, Simon Stenberg, Gianni Liti, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre de recherche de l'Institut Curie [Paris], Institut Curie [Paris], Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University Gothenburg, Department of chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleFRM EQU202003010413, CEFIPRA, Canceropole PACA (AAP Equipment 2018), ANR-11-LABX-0028,SIGNALIFE,Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie(2011), ANR-13-BSV6-0006,AcrossTrait,Génétique des traits quantitatifs chez les levures: au delà des croisements habituels(2013), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), ANR-16-CE12-0019,PhenoVar,Comprendre les intéractions fonctionnelles entre Variations Structurelles des chromosomes et la diversité Phénotypes en utilisant le modèle levure(2016), ANR-18-CE12-0004,GoNG,Innovation évolutive par acquisition de nouveaux gènes(2018), Meiogenix, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Dynamique de l'information génétique : bases fondamentales et cancer (DIG CANCER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Plateforme de génomique [Institut Curie], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Centres d'excellences - Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie - - SIGNALIFE2011 - ANR-11-LABX-0028 - LABX - VALID, Blanc 2013 - Génétique des traits quantitatifs chez les levures: au delà des croisements habituels - - AcrossTrait2013 - ANR-13-BSV6-0006 - Blanc 2013 - VALID, Idex UCA JEDI - - UCA JEDI2015 - ANR-15-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Comprendre les intéractions fonctionnelles entre Variations Structurelles des chromosomes et la diversité Phénotypes en utilisant le modèle levure - - PhenoVar2016 - ANR-16-CE12-0019 - AAPG2016 - VALID, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Innovation évolutive par acquisition de nouveaux gènes - - GoNG2018 - ANR-18-CE12-0004 - AAPG2018 - VALID

Subjects
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Saccharomyces cerevisiae, General Physics and Astronomy, Evolutionary biology, Biology, Genome, Article, Evolutionary genetics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fungal genetics, Meiosis, Gene mapping, Genetic linkage, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Homologous Recombination, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Chromosome Mapping, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Diploidy, Genome evolution, Phenotype, Infertility, Hybridization, Genetic, Genome, Fungal, Ploidy, Homologous recombination, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Recombination
Abstract

Hybrids between diverged lineages contain novel genetic combinations but an impaired meiosis often makes them evolutionary dead ends. Here, we explore to what extent an aborted meiosis followed by a return-to-growth (RTG) promotes recombination across a panel of 20 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. paradoxus diploid hybrids with different genomic structures and levels of sterility. Genome analyses of 275 clones reveal that RTG promotes recombination and generates extensive regions of loss-of-heterozygosity in sterile hybrids with either a defective meiosis or a heavily rearranged karyotype, whereas RTG recombination is reduced by high sequence divergence between parental subgenomes. The RTG recombination preferentially arises in regions with low local heterozygosity and near meiotic recombination hotspots. The loss-of-heterozygosity has a profound impact on sexual and asexual fitness, and enables genetic mapping of phenotypic differences in sterile lineages where linkage analysis would fail. We propose that RTG gives sterile yeast hybrids access to a natural route for genome recombination and adaptation., Hybrids are often considered evolutionary dead ends because they do not generate viable offspring. Here, the authors show that sterile yeast hybrids generate genetic diversity through meiotic-like recombination by aborting meiosis and return to asexual growth.

Published
2021

26. Everolimus and plicamycin specifically target chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells of the CMS4 subtype

Author

Deng, Jiayin, Tian, Ai-Ling, Pan, Hui, Sauvat, Allan, Leduc, Marion, Liu, Peng, Zhao, Liwei, Zhang, Shuai, Chen, Hui, Taly, Valérie, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Senovilla, Laura, Li, Yingqiu, Kroemer, Guido, Kepp, Oliver, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine - CARPEM [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Jiangsu, P.R. China], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], China Scholarship Council, Institut National du Cancer (France), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, European Commission, Institut Universitaire de France, Fondation Leducq, TALY, Valerie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]

Subjects
QH573-671, Cancer therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Apoptosis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Plicamycin, Article, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cytoskeletal Proteins, Mice, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Animals, Humans, Everolimus, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cytology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

© The Author(s) 2021., Colorectal cancers (CRC) can be classified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), among which CMS1 has the best prognosis, contrasting with CMS4 that has the worst outcome. CMS4 CRC is notoriously resistant against therapeutic interventions, as demonstrated by preclinical studies and retrospective clinical observations. Here, we report the finding that two clinically employed agents, everolimus (EVE) and plicamycin (PLI), efficiently target the prototypic CMS4 cell line MDST8. As compared to the prototypic CMS1 cell line LoVo, MDST8 cells treated with EVE or PLI demonstrated stronger cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, increased signs of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as a more pronounced inhibition of DNA-to-RNA transcription and RNA-to-protein translation. Moreover, nontoxic doses of EVE and PLI induced the shrinkage of MDST8 tumors in mice, yet had only minor tumor growth-reducing effects on LoVo tumors. Altogether, these results suggest that EVE and PLI should be evaluated for their clinical activity against CMS4 CRC., JD, A-LT, HP, SZ, and HC are supported by the China Scholarship Council. OK receives funding by the DIM ELICIT initiative of the Ile de France and Institut National du Cancer (INCa); GK, VT, and PLP are supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipes labellisées, Program “Equipe labelisée LIGUE”; no. EL2016.LNCC (VT/PLP)); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs; ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases; AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Association “Le Cancer du Sein, Parlons-en!”; Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; Chancelerie des universités de Paris (Legs Poix), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; European Research Area Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA-CVD, MINOTAUR); Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Project Oncobiome; Fondation Carrefour; INCa; Inserm (HTE); Institut Universitaire de France; LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); the RHU Torino Lumière; the Seerave Foundation; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); and the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM).

Published
2021

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