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ObjectiveReal-time monitoring of cow ruminant behavior is of paramount importance for promptly obtaining relevant information about cow health and predicting cow diseases. Currently, various strategies have been proposed for monitoring cow ruminant behavior, including video surveillance, sound recognition, and sensor monitoring methods. However, the application of edge device gives rise to the issue of inadequate real-time performance. To reduce the volume of data transmission and cloud computing workload while achieving real-time monitoring of dairy cow rumination behavior, a real-time monitoring method was proposed for cow ruminant behavior based on edge computing.MethodsAutonomously designed edge devices were utilized to collect and process six-axis acceleration signals from cows in real-time. Based on these six-axis data, two distinct strategies, federated edge intelligence and split edge intelligence, were investigated for the real-time recognition of cow ruminant behavior. Focused on the real-time recognition method for cow ruminant behavior leveraging federated edge intelligence, the CA-MobileNet v3 network was proposed by enhancing the MobileNet v3 network with a collaborative attention mechanism. Additionally, a federated edge intelligence model was designed utilizing the CA-MobileNet v3 network and the FedAvg federated aggregation algorithm. In the study on split edge intelligence, a split edge intelligence model named MobileNet-LSTM was designed by integrating the MobileNet v3 network with a fusion collaborative attention mechanism and the Bi-LSTM network.Results and DiscussionsThrough comparative experiments with MobileNet v3 and MobileNet-LSTM, the federated edge intelligence model based on CA-MobileNet v3 achieved an average Precision rate, Recall rate, F1-Score, Specificity, and Accuracy of 97.1%, 97.9%, 97.5%, 98.3%, and 98.2%, respectively, yielding the best recognition performance.ConclusionsIt is provided a real-time and effective method for monitoring cow ruminant behavior, and the proposed federated edge intelligence model can be applied in practical settings.

Background: The cycle threshold (Ct) value is inversely proportional to the number of copies of the target region in a sample, suggesting that a low Ct value indicates a high pathogen load. The relationship between Ct value and clinical presentation in children with pertussis is not well-defined. Methods: We investigated the relationships between the Ct value of nasopharyngeal samples positive for Bordetella pertussis deoxyribonucleic acid via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), collected from children on admission and their adult family members between May 2022 and March 2024 at Hangzhou Children's Hospital, China. The study focused on the correlation between Ct value and clinical presentation in children with pertussis. Results: The Ct value was positively correlated with age (r = 0.362, P = 0.001). The mean Ct value for children with pertussis was 28.0 (range: 22.0–32.0), which was lower than the 32.0 (range: 30.0–34.0) observed in adults. Ct value was inversely correlated with length of stay, an indicator of disease severity (r = -0.356, P = 0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that both Ct value (OR: 0.891, 95% CI: 0.799–0.993, P = 0.036) and white blood cell count (OR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.005–1.263, P = 0.040) were independently associated with severity of pertussis. Conclusions: Real-time PCR Ct values at initial diagnosis for pertussis may potentially predict severe disease outcomes in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microlenses have become an indispensable optical element in many optical systems. The advancement of technology has led to a wider variety of microlenses fabrication methods, but these methods suffer from, more or less, some limitations. In this article, we review the manufacturing technology of microlenses from the direct and indirect perspectives. First, we present several fabrication methods and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Then, we discuss the commonly used materials for fabricating microlenses and the applications of microlenses in various fields. Finally, we point out the prospects for the future development of microlenses and their fabrication methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]