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To facilitate the assessment of ecological product value and provide a convenient means of measurement, it is imperative to enhance the value accounting system. Thus, this study aims to develop a methodology for assessing ecological products that accounts for both product quality and cost. This approach is used to determine the ecological product value for the three provinces and cities in the Three Gorges region of China, which are located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely Hubei Province, Hunan Province, and Chongqing Municipality. According to the results, the ecological product value of Yangtze River's Three Gorges regions was USD 32,499,414,905.7 (2,339.417 billion yuan) in 2018. Clean water made up USD 129,845,354,411 (934.657 billion yuan) of this amount, while agricultural products contributed 140.476 billion. With a value of USD16,154,661,055 (11628.50 billion yuan), Hubei province had the greatest ecological product value. In light of these results, this study advocates for strategies to ensure the diversified and balanced development of ecological products. It recommends the establishment of a market platform dedicated to ecological products, as well as the formulation of rules and protocols governing ecological product transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a first-line classical drug, glucocorticoids are used in most combination treatment regimens of keloid. However, there are issues such as poor treatment efficacy and recurrence of keloid after keloid was treated with glucocorticoids, which seriously affect the therapeutic effect. In recent years, many studies have explored the factors influencing the efficacy of glucocorticoids in treating keloid and the action mechanism of glucocorticoids from different perspectives. Based on this, this paper reviews the mechanism and the factors influencing the efficacy of glucocorticoids in treating keloid, and explores ways to improve the treatment efficacy of glucocorticoids, aiming to provide thoughts for improving glucocorticoid-related diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Metal ions released from metallic implants can affect the conformation and structural stability of proteins in biological fluids, which eventually affects the biocompatibility of implants. The present study aimed at understanding the interactions between the metal ions (Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules in physiological context. The structural information of BSA molecules and the microenvironment of functional groups were investigated using UV, Raman, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results revealed that addition of Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions alters the tertiary structure of BSA molecules and exposes the aromatic heterocyclic hydrophobic group of BSA amino acid residues. The addition of Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ ions results in increased viscosity and decreased intensity of the water peak in the BSA solution. Furthermore, Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ ions evidently promote the α-helix to β-sheet transformation of BSA molecules due to decreased disulfide bond stability. Tryptophan residues of BSA and metal ions containing BSA (Me + /BSA) solutions were found to be in a hydrophilic environment. Moreover, the addition of metal ions to BSA results in several of tyrosine residues acting as hydrogen-bond donors. Coomassie brilliant blue staining revealed that the addition of Cu 2+ ions promotes the aggregation of BSA molecules. The findings of this study will be helpful for evaluating the biocompatibility of metallic implants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the composition of diagnosis in young inpatients with angle-closure glaucoma and to compare the clinical characteristics between primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and secondary angle-closure glaucoma (SACG). Methods: This was a retrospective case series study. Angle-closure glaucoma patients aged 40 years or younger and hospitalized in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2012 to December 2019 were included. The clinical diagnosis, gender, onset age, and results of general ophthalmic examination, A-scan ultrasonography measurements, ultrasound biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography and visual field were recorded. The proportions and composition of PACG and SACG, as well as the misdiagnosis ratio, were analyzed. The onset age, visual acuity, visual field, and ocular parameters were compared between patients with PACG and SACG. Non-normally distributed data were represented by M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ). The difference between groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test, Chi square test, and independent sample t test. Results: A total of 243 patients (243 eyes) were included in this study. The mean onset age was (28±9) years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1∶1.79. There were 93 patients (38.3%) in PACG group and 150 (61.7%) in SACG group. The age of PACG [34(28, 38)] was older than that of SACG [28(19, 34)], and the proportion of males in the SACG group (44.0%, 66/150) was significantly higher than that in the PACG group (22.6%, 21/93) ( Z =-5.34, χ 2 =11.46; both P <0.01). Nanophthalmos (22.7%, 34 cases), autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) (19.3%, 29 cases), uveitis (18.7%, 28 cases) and retinitis pigmentosa (14.0%, 21 cases) were the most common causes of SACG. The best corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 0.10 (0.00, 0.48) and 0.40 (0.06, 1.00), mean deviation of visual field was -8.07 (-27.49, -2.09) and -15.04 (-28.75, -5.97) dB, and subfoveal choroidal thickness was (452.3±130.7) and (396.3±120.9) μm in the PACG and SACG groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( Z =-4.86, -2.14; t =2.37; all P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraocular pressure, cup-to-disc ratio, extent of peripheral anterior synechia, central anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between these two groups (all P >0.05). The misdiagnosis ratio was 10.7% (26/243) in all patients, while the misdiagnosis ratio of the SACG group (16.7%, 25/150) was higher than that of the PACG group (1.1%, 1/93) (χ²=14.61, P <0.001). Conclusions: PACG, nanophthalmos and ARB are the most common etiologies in young inpatients with angle-closure glaucoma. Compared to PACG, patients with SACG are younger, with worse visual acuity and more severe visual field defects, and easier to be misdiagnosed.