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William H Ridder III,1 Reena Patel,1 Yong-Xin Li,2 Ursula Staubli2 1Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA; 2AbbVie, Inc, Irvine, CA, USACorrespondence: William H Ridder III, Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University, 2575 Yorba Linda Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA, Email wridder@ketchum.eduPurpose: Perceptual learning or dichoptic training may result in improved acuity in adult amblyopes. However, for amblyopic children (< 18 years), most clinicians recommend standard part-time patching. The purpose of this study was to determine if standard amblyopia therapy results in an enhancement in vision in the amblyopic eye of adults.Patients and Methods: Fifteen amblyopes (20/30 or worse) were recruited and nine (age (SD) 32.9 (16.31)) with anisometropia or anisometropia and strabismus (ie, combined mechanism amblyopia) completed the study. Previous therapy did not exclude subjects. The subjects received a comprehensive eye exam and wore their best correction for at least four weeks prior to baseline testing. The non-amblyopic eye was patched for 2 hours per day (Amblyopia iNET training for 30 minutes and near/distance activities for 1.5 hours). The subjects had a baseline amblyopia evaluation followed by one visit per week for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, the treatment was tapered off over one month and the subjects had a final amblyopia evaluation at 24 weeks. Contrast sensitivity was measured at baseline and 12 weeks with the Quick CSF system.Results: The subjects had a significant improvement in visual acuity across the weeks (p < 0.001). At baseline, weeks 12 and 24, the average logMAR acuities (SE) were 0.55 (0.09), 0.41 (0.08), and 0.38 (0.09), respectively. Weeks 4 to 24 were significantly different (p < 0.001) from baseline. The average acuity improvement over the 24 weeks was 1.7 logMAR lines. There was a significant increase in the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (p = 0.002) and its estimated acuity (p = 0.036) from baseline to 12 weeks.Conclusion: Standard amblyopia treatment can result in an improvement in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in adults with longstanding anisometropic or combined mechanism amblyopia even if they had prior therapy.Keywords: amblyopia, anisometropia, strabismus, contrast sensitivity, visual acuity