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Human milk is universally regarded as the gold standard to fulfill nutrition needs of infants. Lactoferrin (LF) is a major multiple bioactive glycoprotein in human milk but little is presented in infant formula. LF can resist digestion in the infant gastrointestinal tract and is absorbed into the bloodstream in an intact form to perform physiological functions. Evidence suggest that LF prevents pathogen infection, promotes immune system development, intestinal development, brain development and bone health, as well as ameliorates iron deficiency anemia. However, more clinical studies of LF need to be further elucidated to determine an appropriate dosage for application in infant formula. LF is sensitive to denaturation induced by processing of infant formula such as heat treatments and spay drying. Thus, further studies should be focus on maximizing the retention of LF activity in the infant formula process. This review summarizes the structural features of LF. Then the digestion, absorption and metabolism of LF in infants are discussed, followed by the function of LF for infants. Further, we summarize LF in infant formula and effects of processing of infant formula on bioactivities of LF, as well as future perspectives of LF research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CeO2 and CeCoO composite oxide catalysts with bimodal mesopore structures were prepared by hard-template method and used for ethanol complete oxidation in air. The physicochemicalphysicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, and O2-TPD. The Co species can be dissolved into CeO2 lattice to form Ce–O–Co solid solution, which promotes reactive oxygen species to be formed on the prepared CeCoO oxide catalysts surface. The bimodal mesopore structures can be obtained by the used hard-template method, and the pore structures of the prepared CeCoO oxide catalysts can be affected by the introduction of Co species. The synergistic effects from bimodal mesopore structures and reactive oxygen species can effectively boost ethanol complete oxidation to final product CO2. The CeCo2 catalyst with Ce/Co mole ratio of 2.0 exhibites superior ethanol complete oxidation activity and service stability, the ethanol oxidation conversion and final oxidation product CO2 selectivity reached 99.8 % and 99.2 % at 200 °C, respectively. This work indicates that the bimodal mesoporous CeCoO solid solution composite oxide catalyst is a promising candidate for OVOCs oxidation elimination from air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation and temperature hardness are important for electronic devices operating in harsh environments such as modern medical equipment, outer space, and nuclear energy industries. In this work, we report radiation and temperature-hardened flexible ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 epitaxial films that were grown on flexible inorganic mica substrates via van der Waals heteroepitaxy and can be further used for building high-performance electronic devices. We systematically investigated the effect of 60Co-gamma radiation and temperature on the ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 films and their flexibility as well. Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 films exhibit a radiation and temperature tolerance of up to 20 Mrad and 175 °C, respectively. In particular, the 20 Mrad-irradiated Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 film has an excellent retention even after 105 s with extrapolate retention time longer than 10 years and polarization fatigue up to 1010 cycles as well as moderate flexibility and bending stability after bending 105 cycles. Furthermore, we identified that the degradation of macroscopic ferroelectric properties of irradiated Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 films originates from the ferroelectric domain pinning effect induced by the ionization effect. Our work demonstrates that flexible ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 films are promising for developing novel flexible electronic devices for applications in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pars plana vitrectomy plays an important role in treating serious ophthalmic diseases, which requires subsequent substitution of the natural vitreous. However, the current substitutes are known for the drawbacks in instability, toxicity, and injection‐induced fragmentation, so there is a very urgent need in novel artificial vitreous substitute for clinical practice. In this study, DNA supramolecular hydrogel is evaluated as a potential artificial vitreous substitute. It is observed that DNA supramolecular hydrogel exhibits relatively strong mechanical strength, shear‐thinning behavior, rapid recoverability, and other physical properties similar to the human vitreous body. The in vivo experiments further prove the injectability, excellent biocompatibility, and in vivo stability. With the support of the DNA supramolecular hydrogel, the morphology and basic functions of the operated eyes are well recovered without obvious inflammation, which demonstrate the DNA supramolecular hydrogel shows enormous potential as vitreous substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we conceptually replicated two experiments by Crespo-Bojorque and Toro (2016; Experiments 4a & 5a) in an attempt to corroborate their finding of improved performance in abstract pattern learning within sequences of conventionally consonant versus dissonant dyads. In addition, to determine whether the processing advantages for consonance that they reported were due to the ratio simplicity or the familiarity of the stimuli, we added a condition in which participants were either presented with unconventionally tuned small versus large integer-ratio dyads. Results failed to replicate Crespo-Bojorque and Toro's (2016) original findings: Neither conventionally consonant nor unconventionally tuned small integer-ratio dyads conferred any advantage in pattern learning or generalization. However, in a post hoc analysis using a subsample of participants with no music training, there was evidence that initial pattern learning was more efficient when the patterns were embedded within familiar as opposed to unconventionally tuned dyads. This is consistent with Crespo-Bojorque and Toro's (2016) proposition that interval familiarity may bolster abstract pattern detection. Discussion centers on the need for additional research on the impact of consonance on pattern learning, highlighting the importance of adjudicating between the effects of ratio simplicity and enculturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric sensors are excellent damage detectors that can be applied to structural health monitoring (SHM). SHM for complex structures of aerospace vehicles working in harsh conditions is frequently required, posing challenging requirements for a sensor's flexibility, radiation hardness, and high-temperature tolerance. Here, we fabricate a flexible and lightweight Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 piezoelectric film on flexible KMg 3 (AlSi 3 O 10 )F 2 substrate via van der Waals (vdW) heteroepitaxy, endowing it with robust ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties under low energy-high flux protons (LE-HFPs) radiation (10 15 p/cm 2 ). More importantly, the Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 film sensor maintains highly stable damage monitoring sensitivity on an aluminum plate under harsh conditions of LE-HFPs radiation (10 15 p/cm 2 , flat structure), high temperature (175 °C, flat structure), and mechanical fatigue (bending 10 5 cycles under a radius of 5 mm, curved structure). All these superior qualities are suggested to result from the outstanding film crystal quality due to vdW epitaxy. The flexible and lightweight Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 film sensor demonstrated in this work provides an ideal candidate for real - time SHM of aerospace vehicles with flat and complex curve-like structures working in harsh aerospace environments.