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XiaoLan Li,1 Min Li,2 Juan Tian,1 Zi-Wei Shi,1 Ling-Zhi Wang,2 Kui Song1 1Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kui Song, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, 26 Century Avenue, Qianzhou, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, People’s Republic of China, Email js_hematology@163.comAbstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that can cause anemia due to renal failure and bone marrow failure. Secondary polycythemia (SE) is a clinically rare disease that involves the overproduction of red blood cells. To our knowledge, the association of multiple myeloma and polycythemia has been reported, but the association of SE and multiple myeloma is rare and has been infrequently reported in literature. In contrast to anemia, the presence of polycythemia in multiple myeloma patients is a rare finding. A patient of IgA-λ multiple myeloma with secondary erythrocytosis recently admitted to our department is now reported as follows and relevant literature is reviewed to improve clinicians’ awareness of such rare comorbidities.Keywords: multiple myeloma, secondary erythrocytosis

Na Qu,1 Ke Song,2 Yating Ji,1 Mingxia Liu,1 Lijiang Chen,1 Robert J Lee,3,4 Lesheng Teng3,5 1School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, People’s Republic of China; 2MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands; 3School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; 5State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, 264000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lesheng Teng, Email tenglesheng@jlu.edu.cnAbstract: Nanoparticle-based systems are extensively investigated for drug delivery. Among others, with superior biocompatibility and enhanced targeting capacity, albumin appears to be a promising carrier for drug delivery. Albumin nanoparticles are highly favored in many disease therapies, as they have the proper chemical groups for modification, cell-binding sites for cell adhesion, and affinity to protein drugs for nanocomplex generation. Herein, this review summarizes the recent fabrication techniques, modification strategies, and application of albumin nanoparticles. We first discuss various albumin nanoparticle fabrication methods, from both pros and cons. Then, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the modification section, including organic albumin nanoparticles, metal albumin nanoparticles, inorganic albumin nanoparticles, and albumin nanoparticle-based hybrids. We finally bring further perspectives on albumin nanoparticles used for various critical diseases.Plain Language Summary: Albumin appears to be a promising carrier for drug delivery with superior biocompatibility and enhanced targeting capacity. This review focuses on the importance of albumin nanoparticles in drug delivery and concludes the recent fabrication techniques to prepare albumin nanoparticles, the modification strategies to require functional albumin nanoparticles, and critical applications of albumin nanoparticles in various diseases. The aim of this review is to help readers understand the significant potential of albumin nanoparticles in drug delivery. Keywords: albumin nanoparticle, drug delivery, fabrication, modification, application

Feng Qiao,1,2 Hong Guo,1,2 Jing Zhang,1,2 Qing Zhang,3 Li Liu,3 Ge Meng,2 Hongmei Wu,2 Yeqing Gu,2 Kun Song,3 Changyi Li,1 Kaijun Niu2,3 1School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kaijun Niu, Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email nkj0809@gmail.com; niukaijun@tmu.edu.cn Changyi Li, School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People’s Republic of China, Email lichangyi@tmu.edu.cnBackground: To explore the association between the number of missing teeth and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in a Chinese adult population.Methods: 13,932 adults were investigated in the TCLSIH cohort study. The number of missing teeth was determined at baseline through a self-reported questionnaire, and then classified into three categories: 0, 1– 2, and ≥ 3. We defined hyperlipidemia as total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.17 mmol/L or triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.7 mmol/L or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥ 3.37 mmol/L or a self-report of physician-diagnosed hyperlipidemia during follow-up visits. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to assess the relationship between the number of missing teeth and incident hyperlipidemia.Results: A total of 6756 first-incident cases of hyperlipidemia occurred during 42,048 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 4.2 years). After adjusted confounders, multivariable HRs and 95% CI for incident of hyperlipidemia across the categories of missing teeth were as follows: in male participants, 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (0.98, 1.22), and 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) (P for trend = 0.30); in female participants, 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.99, 1.19), and 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) (P for trend < 0.01).Conclusion: The number of missing teeth is associated with an increased risk of hyperlipidemia in female participants but not in male participants. Systemic chronic inflammation may potentially mediate this association.Keywords: tooth loss, dyslipidemia, epidemiological studies, population health, inflammation

Yiwen Zhang,1 Wei Wang,2,&ast; Lili Xu,1 Zhexun Lian,3 Jiale Huang,4 Yaowei Chang,5 Junjie Guo,3 Yangang Wang,1,&ast; Kexiu Song,6 Hongwei Ji7,8,&ast; 1Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Cardiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China; 7Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yangang Wang, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China, Email wangyg@qdu.edu.cn Hongwei Ji, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email hongweijicn@gmail.com

Yuyu Lv,1,2 Ru Ren,1– 3 Chengxiang Tang,4 Kuimeng Song,5 Shunping Li,1– 3 Haipeng Wang1,2 1Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Macquarie University Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University Business School & Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 5School of Health Care Security, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shunping Li; Haipeng Wang, Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, Wenhua Xi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-131-8893-4998, +86-186-6899-6362, Email lishunping@sdu.edu.cn; wanghaipeng@sdu.edu.cnPurpose: To evaluate preferences for medications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from urban community health stations or rural village clinics in Shandong province, China.Methods: We use a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to measure the medication preferences. Each patient completed six DCE choice sets. The attributes for the DCE questionnaire include mode of administration, out-of-pocket medication cost per month, fasting blood glucose control effect and frequency of hypoglycemia events. The conditional logit model (Clogit) and mixed logit model (MXL) were used to evaluate choice data.Results: A total of 887 patients with T2DM completed the survey. The mean age of participants was 64 years, 36.42% experienced complications, and the mean duration of diabetes was about 8 years. Overall, patients’ ideal medication would not have hypoglycemia events, provide normal fasting glucose levels, have oral medication three times a day and lower monthly medication cost. Patients prioritized the frequency of hypoglycemia events (β=15.055, P < 0.01) and were willing to spend CNY 393.10 per month to avoid hypoglycemia events. For patients with higher educational levels and with longer diagnosis time, the effect of fasting blood glucose was more relevant than all other outcomes.Conclusion: This study provides information on T2DM patients’ preference for medications. Our results suggest that clinical doctors should present patients with a variety of pharmaceutical characteristics and include their preference into medication decision, which will improve patient adherence and health outcomes.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients’ preference, medication, discrete choice experiment

The lifespan of the guide rail is a bottleneck restricting the operational life of electromagnetic railguns. A well‐designed arc extinguishing device can reduce the arcing erosion caused by residual currents within the guide rail. The CuW alloy is widely used in the high‐pressure arc extinction field due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, and hardness. Based on the theory of equilibrium state arc plasma, a finite element model of the air arc‐CuW electrode coupling in the arc extinction device was established to study millisecond‐level arc initiation, evolution, extinguishing characteristics, and distribution patterns under extreme and harsh operational conditions with a current input of 110 kA. The highest temperature in the arc column region was found to exceed 50,000 K. The study elucidated the influence of arc extinction device parameters on arc evolution, breakdown time, and breakdown voltage. Consequently, it established that the R70 spherical electrode exhibits optimal arc extinguishing characteristics. The aim of this research is to provide theoretical support for optimizing the arc suppression device. Additionally, experiments on high‐speed and high‐current arc extinction device discharges were conducted to validate the finite element analysis results regarding arc diffusion patterns and electrode erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a high image quality head up display (HUD) based on the local dimming liquid crystal display (LCD). The proposed HUD provides high white luminance to improve day-time visibility and low black luminance to cope with the postcard effect during the night by the local dimming technique. To reduce the computational complexity, the pixel-based boosting values for the pixel compensation are computed by simple bi-linear interpolation, complex power functions are implemented by look-up tables, some multiplications are replaced with the sums of shifted values, and the numbers of look-up tables and multipliers are reduced by sequential process. The simulation results of the proposed local dimming algorithm for 640×1280 LCD panel and 10×22 LED backlight ensure higher peak signal-to-noise ratio than 40 dB and larger power reduction performance than 73% over 7 HUD images. In addition, the postcard effect improvement is verified over images on LCD panel as well as windshield. Maximum luminance and contrast ratio on the windshield of the prototype HUD system are measured as 16,088 cd/m $ ^2 $ 2 and $ 342\times {10^6} $ 342 × 10 6 :1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The random amplitude and phase fluctuations observed in trans‐ionospheric radio signals are caused by the presence of electron density irregularities in the ionosphere. Ground‐based measurements of radio wave signals provide information about the medium through which these signals propagate. The Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) Global Position System (GPS) receivers record radio signals emitted by the GPS satellites, enabling the study of their spectral characteristics. This study presents examples of phase spectra with two power‐law components. These components exhibit steeper spectral slopes at higher frequencies and shallower ones at lower frequencies. To be more specific, we conducted a spectral characterization of sixty one (61) events recorded by the CHAIN Churchill GPS receiver, which is located in the auroral oval. When fluctuations above the background level are only observed in the phase, the spectra tend to be systematically steeper. Conversely, the power increase in higher frequency fluctuations accompanying amplitude scintillation tends to result in shallower spectra. A basic yet powerful model of radio wave propagation through a turbulent ionosphere, characterized by a power law electron density spectrum, can help to explain the two power laws observed in the scintillation events presented in this study by identifying the role played by small‐scale ionospheric irregularities in diffraction. Plain Language Summary: This study discusses the impact electron density irregularities in the ionosphere have on radio wave propagation. Ground‐based measurements of Global Navigation Satellite System signals provide insights into their spectral characteristics. The study presents examples of phase spectra with two power‐law components, showing steeper slopes at higher frequencies and shallower ones at lower frequencies. Phase fluctuations tend to result in steeper spectra, while amplitude scintillations lead to shallower spectra. The study suggests a simple model of radio wave propagation through a turbulent ionosphere to explain these observations. Key Points: Dual power‐law spectra observed in phase scintillation in the auroral regionResolving the distinction between refractive and diffractive effects on dual power‐law phase spectraIonospheric irregularities and their connection to amplitude and phase scintillation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]