47 results on '"Solís D"'
Search Results
2. A Multi-Resolution Domain Decomposition Preconditioner for the MoM Solution of Multi-scale Complex Structures
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Martín, V. F., primary, Solís, D. M., additional, Taboada, J. M., additional, and Vipiana, F., additional
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- 2024
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3. Variability in Early Post-main-sequence Stars in Globular Cluster NGC 3201
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Ulloa-Solís, D., primary, Cortés, C. C., additional, Villanova, S., additional, Albornoz, Á. Llancaqueo, additional, Ahumada, J. A., additional, and Parisi, C., additional
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- 2023
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4. Manifestaciones orales de la osteogénesis imperfecta y el tratamiento con bifosfonatos.
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Palacios-Solís, D. A., Ibieta-Zarco, B. R., and Jiménez-Montero, X.
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OSTEOGENESIS imperfecta ,CHILD patients ,TOOTHACHE ,GENETIC mutation ,QUALITY of life ,ORAL manifestations of general diseases - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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5. Discontinuous Galerkin integral equation method for light scattering from complex nanoparticle assemblies
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Martín, V. F., primary, Solís, D. M., additional, Jericó, D., additional, Landesa, L., additional, Obelleiro, F., additional, and Taboada, J. M., additional
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- 2023
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6. 18F-FDG PET para el diagnóstico y evaluación de respuesta al tratamiento de encefalitis límbica autoinmune
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Tamayo Carabaño, D., primary, Acevedo Bañez, I., additional, Lojo Ramírez, J.A., additional, García Morillo, J.S., additional, García Solís, D., additional, and Jiménez-Hoyuela García, J.M., additional
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- 2022
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7. 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis and assessment of treatment response of autoimmune limbic encephalitis
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Tamayo Carabaño, D., primary, Acevedo Bañez, I., additional, Lojo Ramírez, J.A., additional, García Morillo, J.S., additional, García Solís, D., additional, and Jiménez-Hoyuela García, J.M., additional
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- 2022
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8. Four-Dimensional (4D) Light Manipulation
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Pacheco-Peña, V., primary, Solís, D. M., additional, and Engheta, N., additional
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- 2022
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9. 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis and assessment of treatment response of autoimmune limbic encephalitis
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Tamayo Carabaño, D., Acevedo Bañez, I., Lojo Ramírez, J.A., García Morillo, J.S., García Solís, D., and Jiménez-Hoyuela García, J.M.
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- 2023
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10. 18F-FDG PET para el diagnóstico y evaluación de respuesta al tratamiento de encefalitis límbica autoinmune.
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Tamayo Carabaño, D., Acevedo Bañez, I., Lojo Ramírez, J.A., García Morillo, J.S., García Solís, D., and Jiménez-Hoyuela García, J.M.
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- 2023
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11. Sialoadenitis aguda bilateral como reacción adversa a contraste yodado
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Sánchez García, S., Rubio Solís, D., Terán Álvarez, L., and Calvo Blanco, J.
- Abstract
La inflamación de las glándulas salivales secundaria a la administración de contraste yodado es una reacción adversa muy poco frecuente. Su etiología no está aclarada y, aunque tiene un curso benigno, se han descrito complicaciones asociadas. Presentamos dos casos de submaxilitis aguda bilateral como reacción adversa tras la administración intravenosa de contraste yodado en dos varones de 60 y 63 años de edad a los que se realizó en los días previos una tomografía computarizada.
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- 2024
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12. Evolutive Study of Dietary Aspects and Intestinal Microbiota of Pediatric Cohort with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.
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Castro AM, Navarro S, Carvajal I, García A, Suárez M, Toyos P, Rodríguez S, Jimenez S, González D, Molinos C, Pérez-Solís D, Fernández P, Margolles A, Díaz-Martín JJ, Gutiérrez-Díaz I, and Delgado S
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Background: One of the most common food allergies in the pediatric population is allergy to cow's milk protein (CMPA). Treatment consists of avoiding cow's milk proteins in lactating mothers and/or using therapeutic formulas based on hydrolysates or vegetable formulas. In infants with CMPA at diagnosis, a different gut microbial profile has been found compared to healthy children, with a reduction in beneficial bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota profile and its metabolites, dietary patterns and anthropometric variables in a pediatric cohort with CMPA after six months on a restrictive diet compared to healthy controls., Methods: In total, 21 patients diagnosed with CMPA and a control group of 24 healthy infants participated in this study. The fecal microbiota of all participants were investigated by metataxonomic analysis of 16S rDNA amplicons, and fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. Epidemiological assessment and dietary questionnaires were carried out for both groups., Results: Regarding growth, no significant differences were found, but differences in dietary intake of some macro- and micronutrients were observed. Patients who were breastfed at six months had higher bifidobacteria and lipid intakes than patients fed with hydrolyzed formulas., Conclusions: Although the growth of CMPA infants fed with therapeutic formula is similar to breastfed CMPA infants, there are differences in microbiota composition and macronutrient intake that underline the importance of continued breastfeeding in CMPA cases.
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- 2024
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13. Insights into the recognition of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates by innate immune lectins of the Siglec and galectin families.
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Campanero-Rhodes MA, Martí S, Hernández-Ortiz N, Cubero M, Ereño-Orbea J, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardanuy C, and Solís D
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- Humans, Bacterial Capsules immunology, Bacterial Capsules metabolism, Lectins metabolism, Lectins immunology, Protein Binding, Klebsiella pneumoniae immunology, Klebsiella pneumoniae metabolism, Immunity, Innate, Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins metabolism, Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins immunology, Galectins metabolism, Galectins immunology, Klebsiella Infections immunology, Klebsiella Infections microbiology
- Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic bacterium that frequently colonizes the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract and can also cause severe infections when invading other tissues, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, K. pneumoniae variants exhibiting a hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype are usually associated with hypervirulent strains that can produce invasive infections even in immunocompetent individuals. Major carbohydrate structures displayed on the K. pneumoniae surface are the polysaccharide capsule and the lipopolysaccharide, which presents an O-polysaccharide chain in its outermost part. Various capsular and O-chain structures have been described. Of note, production of a thick capsule is frequently observed in HMV variants. Here we examined the surface sugar epitopes of a collection of HMV and non-HMV K. pneumoniae clinical isolates and their recognition by several Siglecs and galectins, two lectin families of the innate immune system, using bacteria microarrays as main tool. No significant differences among isolates in sialic acid content or recognition by Siglecs were observed. In contrast, analysis of the binding of model lectins with diverse carbohydrate-binding specificities revealed striking differences in the recognition by galactose- and mannose-specific lectins, which correlated with the binding or lack of binding of galectins and pointed to the O-chain as the plausible ligand. Fluorescence microscopy and microarray analyses of galectin-9 binding to entire cells and outer membranes of two representative HMV isolates supported the bacteria microarray results. In addition, Western blot analysis of the binding of galectin-9 to outer membranes unveiled protein bands recognized by this galectin, and fingerprint analysis of these bands identified several proteins containing potential O -glycosylation sites, thus broadening the spectrum of possible galectin ligands on the K. pneumoniae surface. Moreover, Siglecs and galectins apparently target different structures on K. pneumoniae surfaces, thereby behaving as non-redundant complementary tools of the innate immune system., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Campanero-Rhodes, Martí, Hernández-Ortiz, Cubero, Ereño-Orbea, Ardá, Jiménez-Barbero, Ardanuy and Solís.)
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- 2024
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14. Red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ) as potential spreaders of Sarcocystis species.
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Máca O, Gudiškis N, Butkauskas D, González-Solís D, and Prakas P
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Background: Sarcocystis includes a global group of apicomplexan parasites with two-host life cycle frequently circulating in wildlife and domestic hosts, including humans. Two of the most important wild terrestrial carnivores acting as definitive hosts are the red fox and raccoon dog, due to their wide distribution in Europe and usage of wild and farmed animals as prey. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis in hunted red foxes and raccoon dogs from nine regions of the Czech Republic and to identify isolated sporocysts by molecular techniques., Methods: Approximately 5 g of the contents of large intestine from 200 animals (197 red foxes and three raccoon dogs) were examined by flotation centrifugation coprological method. Only samples of 50 red foxes and one raccoon dog positive to Sarcocystis spp. were used for the nested PCR (nPCR) method to amplify a fragment or partial sequence on the cox1 gene. Ten species-specific primer pairs for detection of Sarcocystis spp. using farm animals as intermediate hosts were utilized., Results: In total, 38.1% of the red foxes and 66.7% of the raccoon dogs were positive to Sarcocystis by light microscopy. The molecular characterization resulted in the identification of five species in the red fox: S . arieticanis , S . capracanis , S. cruzi , S . miescheriana , and S. tenella , while the PCR was negative for the sole raccoon dog. The highest intraspecific variation was found for S . miescheriana , while S. tenella was the most prevalent. Co-infections occurred in the large intestine of the red fox. No zoonotic species were found in our samples., Conclusion: This is the first study where the potential role of the red fox and raccoon dogs as spreaders of Sarcocystis to farm animals in the Czech Republic is shown. The use of species-specific primers provides a fast and easy method for screening multiple samples for a particular Sarcocystis species., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Máca, Gudiškis, Butkauskas, González-Solís and Prakas.)
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- 2024
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15. A combination of GRA3, GRA6 and GRA7 peptides offer a useful tool for serotyping type II and III Toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep and pigs.
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Arranz-Solís D, Tana LR, Tejerina-de-Uribe E, López-Ureña NM, Koudela B, Francia ME, Ortega-Mora LM, and Álvarez-García G
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- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Genotype, Peptides immunology, Sheep, Swine, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Serotyping methods, Sheep Diseases parasitology, Sheep Diseases diagnosis, Swine Diseases parasitology, Swine Diseases diagnosis, Toxoplasmosis, Animal diagnosis, Toxoplasmosis, Animal parasitology
- Abstract
The clinical consequences of toxoplasmosis are greatly dependent on the Toxoplasma gondii strain causing the infection. To better understand its epidemiology and design appropriate control strategies, it is important to determine the strain present in infected animals. Serotyping methods are based on the detection of antibodies that react against segments of antigenic proteins presenting strain-specific polymorphic variations, offering a cost-effective, sensitive, and non-invasive alternative to genotyping techniques. Herein, we evaluated the applicability of a panel of peptides previously characterized in mice and humans to serotype sheep and pigs. To this end, we used 51 serum samples from experimentally infected ewes (32 type II and 19 type III), 20 sheep samples from naturally infected sheep where the causative strain was genotyped (18 type II and 2 type III), and 40 serum samples from experimentally infected pigs (22 type II and 18 type III). Our ELISA test results showed that a combination of GRA peptide homologous pairs can discriminate infections caused by type II and III strains of T. gondii in sheep and pigs. Namely, the GRA3-I/III-43 vs . GRA3-II-43, GRA6-I/III-213 vs. GRA6-II-214 and GRA6-III-44 vs. GRA6-II-44 ratios showed a statistically significant predominance of the respective strain-type peptide in sheep, while in pigs, in addition to these three peptide pairs, GRA7-II-224 vs. GRA7-III-224 also showed promising results. Notably, the GRA6-44 pair, which was previously deemed inefficient in mice and humans, showed a high prediction capacity, especially in sheep. By contrast, GRA5-38 peptides failed to correctly predict the strain type in most sheep and pig samples, underpinning the notion that individual standardization is needed for each animal species. Finally, we recommend analyzing for each animal at least 2 samples taken at different time points to confirm the obtained results., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Arranz-Solís, Tana, Tejerina-de-Uribe, López-Ureña, Koudela, Francia, Ortega-Mora and Álvarez-García.)
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- 2024
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16. Genomic characterisation of the population structure and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in Chile, 2009-2022.
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Piña-Iturbe A, Díaz-Gavidia C, Álvarez FP, Barron-Montenegro R, Álvarez-Espejo DM, García P, Solís D, Constenla-Albornoz R, Toro M, Olivares-Pacheco J, Reyes-Jara A, Meng J, Bell RL, and Moreno-Switt AI
- Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Infantis has disseminated worldwide, mainly linked to the consumption of poultry products. Evidence shows dissemination of this pathogen in Chile; however, studies are primarily limited to phenotypic data or involve few isolates. As human cases of Salmonella Infantis infections have substantially increased in recent years, this study aimed to characterise the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial-resistance profiles of isolates obtained from different sources, aiming to inform effective surveillance and control measures., Methods: We sequenced 396 Salmonella Infantis genomes and analysed them with all publicly available genomes of this pathogen from Chile (440 genomes in total), representing isolates from environmental, food, animal, and human sources obtained from 2009 to 2022. Based on bioinformatic and phenotypic methods, we assessed the population structure, dissemination among different niches, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonella Infantis in the country., Findings: The genomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that Salmonella Infantis from Chile comprised several clusters of highly related isolates dominated by sequence type 32. The HC20_343 cluster grouped an important proportion of all isolates. This was the only cluster associated with pESI-like megaplasmids, and up to 12 acquired AMR genes/mutations predicted to result in an MDR phenotype. Accordingly, antimicrobial-susceptibility testing revealed a strong concordance between the AMR genetic determinants and their matching phenotypic expression, indicating that a significant proportion of HC20_343 isolates produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases and have intermediate fluoroquinolone resistance. HC20_343 Salmonella Infantis were spread among environmental, animal, food, and human niches, showing a close relationship between isolates from different years and sources, and a low intra-source genomic diversity., Interpretation: Our findings show a widespread dissemination of MDR Salmonella Infantis from the HC20_343 cluster in Chile. The high proportion of isolates with resistance to first-line antibiotics and the evidence of active transmission between the environment, animals, food, and humans highlight the urgency of improved surveillance and control measures in the country. As HC20_343 isolates predominate in the Americas, our results suggest a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Salmonella Infantis with intermediate fluoroquinolone resistance in the continent., Funding: Partially supported by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as part of an award, FDU001818, with 30% percent funded by FDA/HHS; and by Agencia de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) through FONDECYT de Postdoctorado Folio 3230796 and Folio 3210317, FONDECYT Regular Folio 1231082, and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2021_044., Competing Interests: All authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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17. The Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus (Aves, Strigidae) as the definitive host of Sarcocystis funereus sp. nov. (Apicomplexa).
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Máca O, Kouba M, Langrová I, Panská L, Korpimäki E, and González-Solís D
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Background: Owls have been reported as definitive hosts, whereas wild small mammals (naturally and experimentally) as intermediate hosts of several species of Sarcocystis . Recently, dead fledglings were found infected by an unnamed species of Sarcocystis since its intermediate host was unknown. After collecting additional samples of owls and wild small mammals, the present study focused on elucidating the identity, potential intermediate host, and complete life cycle of the found Sarcocystis through experimentally infected rodents. The developmental stages' morphological and molecular characterizations ( 28S rRNA gene, ITS1 region) are presented herein., Methods: In total, 21 Tengmalm's owl carcasses (15 nestlings, 5 fledglings, and 1 adult male) were collected in Kauhava (west-central Finland) and parasitologically examined by wet mounts. Intestinal mucosa scrapings were used to isolate oocysts/sporocysts and employed for experimental infections in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed BALB/cOlaHsd mice. Additionally, sarcocysts were searched in the skeletal muscle of 95 samples from seven wild small mammal species. All these developmental stages were molecularly characterized by the 28S rRNA gene and ITS1 region. Experimental infections were carried out by using immunosuppressed female 8-week-old BALB/cOlaHsd mice, divided into three groups: (1) water with 15 μg/mL of dexamethasone, (2) water with 30 μg/mL of dexamethasone, (3) no dexamethasone treatment. Each group consisted of four individuals. In each group, two mice were infected with 1,000 sporocysts each, and the remaining two with 10,000 sporocysts each. All mice were euthanized on specific days post-infection., Results: The intestinal mucosa of 11 nestlings and 5 fledglings of the Tengmalm's owl were positive for Sarcocystis funereus sp. nov. The adult male owl and all owls' breast and heart muscles were negative for Sarcocystis . Two dexamethasone-immunosuppressed BALB/cOlaHsd mice (group 2) were positive to S. funereus sp. nov. in diaphragm and leg muscles after 22- and 24-day post-infection. Some sarcocysts were found in the wild small mammals. Molecular identification at 28S rRNA revealed sequences from naturally infected Tengmalm's owls, as well as sarcocysts of dexamethasone-immunosuppressed BALB/cOlaHsd mice were 99.87-100% similar to Sarcocystis sp. isolate Af1 previously found in the Tengmalm's owl. At the ITS1 region, the S. funereus sp. nov. isolates Af2 haplotype B and Af3 haplotype A were 98.77-100% identical to Sarcocystis sp. isolate Af1. The sequences from sarcocysts of naturally infected wild small mammals were 75.23-90.30% similar at ITS1 region to those of S. funereus sp. nov., Conclusion: The morphological and molecular characterizations and phylogenetic placement of S. funereus sp. nov. are presented here for the first time and support the erection of the new species., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Máca, Kouba, Langrová, Panská, Korpimäki and González-Solís.)
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- 2024
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18. Non-linear impacts of harmful algae blooms on the coastal tourism economy.
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Alvarez S, Brown CE, Garcia Diaz M, O'Leary H, and Solís D
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- Humans, Harmful Algal Bloom, Tourism
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Harmful algae blooms (HABs) occur in water bodies throughout the globe and can have multi-faceted impacts on tourism. However, little is known of the magnitude of economic losses to the tourism sector as a result of HABs. There is limited understanding of the empirical relationships between HAB intensity and duration, and the effects of this phenomenon on the tourism sector. This study is based in the state of Florida, USA, a notable sun, sand, and sea destination in the western hemisphere, where blooms of a marine harmful algae are a recurrent threat to coastal tourism. The empirical framework is based on a month and county-level panel database that combines sales by tourism-related businesses with observations from the official HAB surveillance system of the state of Florida. We use time and space fixed-effects regressions to estimate the loss in tourism revenue associated with one additional day of red tide. Results indicate that impacts of HABs on tourism do not follow a linear pattern with increasing HAB concentrations, but rather appear to follow an inverted-U pattern. In other words, higher concentrations of the HAB organism do not necessarily imply higher economic losses, suggesting that the impacts of HABs on tourism are not driven solely by the biophysical element of cell density. Rather, these impacts appear to be mediated and amplified by human dimensions. The loss to tourism-related businesses due to the 2018 Florida red tide bloom was estimated to be $2.7 billion USD, which implies that HABs and their impact on tourism can be considered as a potential 'billion-dollar' disaster., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sergio Alvarez reports financial support was provided by NOAANational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Sergio Alvarez reports financial support was provided by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System. Christina E. Brown reports financial support was provided by NOAANational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Christina E. Brown reports financial support was provided by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System. Christina E. Brown reports financial support was provided by United States Department of AgricultureEconomic Research Service. Marc Garcia-Diaz reports financial support was provided by NOAANational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Marc Garcia-Diaz reports financial support was provided by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System. Heather O'Leary reports financial support was provided by NOAANational Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Heather O'Leary reports financial support was provided by Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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19. Correlation Between Amyloid PET Imaging and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Results in Patients with Suspected Alzheimer's Disease.
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Lojo-Ramírez JA, Guerra-Gómez M, Marín-Cabañas AM, Fernández-Rodríguez P, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona M, Franco-Macías E, and García-Solís D
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- Humans, tau Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Retrospective Studies, Amyloid beta-Peptides cerebrospinal fluid, Positron-Emission Tomography, Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid, Peptide Fragments cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnostic imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction cerebrospinal fluid
- Abstract
Background: Although the concordance between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and amyloid-PET findings is well known, there are no data regarding the concordance of amyloid-PET with inconclusive CSF values of amyloid-β (Aβ)1 - 42 and p-tau for the diagnosis of AD., Objective: To investigate the relationship between the amyloid-PET results with discordant AD biomarkers values in CSF (Aβ1 - 42+/p-tau-or Aβ1 - 42-/p-tau+)., Methods: An observational retrospective study, including 62 patients with mild cognitive impairment (32/62) or dementia (30/62), suspicious of AD who had undergone a lumbar puncture to determine CSF AD biomarkers, and presented discordant values in CSF between Aβ1 - 42 and p-tau (Aβ1 - 42+/p-tau-or Aβ1 - 42-/p-tau+). All of them, underwent an amyloid-PET with 18F-Florbetaben. An extensive neuropsychological testing as part of their diagnostic process (MMSE and TMA-93), was performed, and it was also obtained the Global Deterioration Scale., Results: Comparing the discordant CSF results of each patient with the cerebral amyloid-PET results, we found that in the group with Aβ1 - 42+ and p-tau-CSF values, the amyloid-PET was positive in 51.2% and negative in 48.8% of patients, while in the group with Aβ1 - 42-and p-Tau+ CSF values, the amyloid-PET was positive in 52.6% of patients and negative in 47.4% of them. No significant association was found (p = 0.951) between the results of amyloid-PET and the two divergent groups in CSF., Conclusions: No significant relationship was observed between the results of discordant AD biomarkers in CSF and the result of amyloid-PET. No trend in amyloid-PET results was observed in relation to CSF biomarker values.
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- 2024
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20. Prevalence of Salmonella in Eggs from Conventional and Cage-Free Egg Production Systems and the Role of Consumers in Reducing Household Contamination.
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Solís D, Cordero N, Quezada-Reyes M, Escobar-Astete C, Toro M, Navarrete P, and Reyes-Jara A
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Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide, usually related to contaminated poultry or poultry products, such as eggs. Since egg contamination with Salmonella depends on multiple factors that make it challenging to control, consumers' knowledge about food safety and the proper handling of eggs is crucial. The aims of the study were (1) to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in eggs from conventional and alternative production systems, (2) to characterize the Salmonella isolates according to phenotypic-genotypic and antimicrobial-resistant traits, and (3) to understand how consumers manage the hazards related to egg contamination in the household. A total of 426 egg samples were analyzed (conventional systems = 240; alternative systems = 186). Culture-based and molecular microbiological methods were used to identify Salmonella and bioinformatics analysis of whole genome sequences was used to determine the serotype and antimicrobial-resistant genes. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis was detected only in eggs from alternative systems (1.1%, 2/186). Isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid (100%, 2/2), and the aac(6')-Iaa gene and a mutation in the gyrA gene were identified in both isolates. Overall, consumers demonstrated knowledge regarding food safety; however, many still engage in practices that pose a risk of acquiring foodborne illnesses.
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- 2023
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21. Use of antibiotics in Paediatric Primary Health Care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Pérez Solís D, Gómez de Oña C, Nicieza García ML, Suárez Gil P, Pérez Solís P, Suárez Mier B, and Rolle Sóñora V
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- Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Pandemics, Primary Health Care, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19
- Abstract
Introduction: Consumption of antibiotics is high in Spain, primarily in children. Excessive use of then contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our study is to analyse the evolution of antibiotic consumption at the Primary Health Care in the paediatric population of Asturias, Spain, from 2014 to 2021, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on it., Methods: Retrospective and observational study using data about antibacterial agents for systemic use dispensed for official prescriptions to children under 14 years in Primary Care. Antibiotic consumption is expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)., Results: The antibiotic consumption rate dropped from 13.9 DID in 2014 to 4.0 in 2021 (β=-1,42, p=0,002), with and inflection point in 2019. From 2019 to 2020 antibiotic use dropped by 47.1%. Antibiotic consumption remained very low from April 2020 to September 2021, and then moderately increased from October 2021. Prevalence of antibiotic use dropped from 39.9% in 2014 to 17.5% in 2021 (β=-3,64, p=0,006). Relative consumption of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid decreased, while those of amoxiciline and third-generation cephalosporins increased., Conclusions: Paediatric antibiotic consumption collapsed in Asturias in 2020, coinciding with COVID-19 pandemic. Monitoring of antimicrobial usage indicators will allow to check if these changes are sustained over time., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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22. Sarcocystis moreliae sp. nov. in the imported green tree python Morelia cf. viridis (Reptilia, Pythonidae).
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Máca O and González-Solís D
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Species of Sarcocystis use various vertebrates as intermediate or definitive hosts in their life cycles. One of these is snakes, whose role as intermediate hosts for these protozoans is scarce; in fact, there are six records, but only three with molecular characterization. An imported green tree python was involved in the morphological and molecular characterization (four loci) of a new species of Sarcocystis localized in skeletal muscles. Sarcocystis moreliae sp. nov. has a type 1 sarcocyst with a smooth wall and is genetically similar (at the 18S rRNA gene) to two unnamed species of Sarcocystis found in Lytorhynchus diadema from Oman and Varanus salvator macromaculatus from Malaysia, but their detailed comparison is impossible. The new species showed lower similarity to its congeners in other loci ( 28S rRNA, ITS1, and cox1 ). This is the first morphological and genetic characterization of a Sarcocystis species in snakes of the genus Morelia , particularly M. viridis , using four loci, but more data are needed to fill the knowledge gap about snakes as intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Máca and González-Solís.)
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- 2023
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23. Rabies virus in white-nosed coatis ( Nasua narica ) in Mexico: what do we know so far?
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Puebla-Rodríguez P, Almazán-Marín C, Garcés-Ayala F, Rendón-Franco E, Chávez-López S, Gómez-Sierra M, Sandoval-Borja A, Martínez-Solís D, Escamilla-Ríos B, Sauri-González I, Alonzo-Góngora A, López-Martínez I, and Aréchiga-Ceballos N
- Abstract
Rabies is a neglected disease that affects all mammals. To determine the appropriate sanitary measures, the schedule of preventive medicine campaigns requires the proper identification of the variants of the virus circulating in the outbreaks, the species involved, and the interspecific and intraspecific virus movements. Urban rabies has been eradicated in developed countries and is being eradicated in some developing countries. In Europe and North America, oral vaccination programs for wildlife have been successful, whereas in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, rabies remains a public health problem due to the habitation of a wide variety of wild animal species that can act as rabies virus reservoirs in their environment. After obtaining recognition from the WHO/PAHO as the first country to eliminate human rabies transmitted by dogs, Mexico faces a new challenge: the control of rabies transmitted by wildlife to humans and domestic animals. In recent years, rabies outbreaks in the white-nosed coati ( Nasua narica ) have been detected, and it is suspected that the species plays a significant role in maintaining the wild cycle of rabies in the southeast of Mexico. In this study, we discussed cases of rabies in white-nosed coatis that were diagnosed at InDRE (in English: Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference; in Spanish: Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos) from 1993 to 2022. This study aimed to determine whether white-nosed coatis might be an emergent rabies reservoir in the country. A total of 13 samples were registered in the database from the Rabies laboratories of Estado de Mexico ( n = 1), Jalisco ( n = 1), Quintana Roo ( n = 5), Sonora ( n = 1), and Yucatan ( n = 5). Samples from 1993 to 2002 from Estado de Mexico, Jalisco, and Sonora were not characterized because we no longer had any samples available. Nine samples were antigenically and genetically characterized. To date, coatis have not been considered important vectors of the rabies virus. The results from our research indicate that the surveillance of the rabies virus in coatis should be relevant to prevent human cases transmitted by this species., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Puebla-Rodríguez, Almazán-Marín, Garcés-Ayala, Rendón-Franco, Chávez-López, Gómez-Sierra, Sandoval-Borja, Martínez-Solís, Escamilla-Ríos, Sauri-González, Alonzo-Góngora, López-Martínez and Aréchiga-Ceballos.)
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- 2023
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24. Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated with Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease.
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Muñoz-Delgado L, Labrador-Espinosa MÁ, Macías-García D, Jesús S, Benítez Zamora B, Fernández-Rodríguez P, Adarmes-Gómez AD, Reina Castillo MI, Castro-Labrador S, Silva-Rodríguez J, Carrillo F, García Solís D, Grothe MJ, and Mir P
- Subjects
- Humans, Tropanes, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon methods, Inflammation diagnostic imaging, Parkinson Disease complications, Parkinson Disease diagnostic imaging, Parkinson Disease metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Peripheral inflammatory immune responses are suggested to play a major role in dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-established biomarker of systemic inflammation in PD. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system can be assessed in vivo using [
123 I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography imaging of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density., Objectives: To assess the relationship between the peripheral immune profile (NLR, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) and striatal DAT density in patients with PD., Methods: We assessed clinical features, the peripheral immune profile, and striatal [123 I]FP-CIT DAT binding levels of 211 patients with PD (primary-cohort). Covariate-controlled associations between the immune response and striatal DAT levels were assessed using linear regression analyses. For replication purposes, we also studied a separate cohort of 344 de novo patients with PD enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI-cohort)., Results: A higher NLR was significantly associated with lower DAT levels in the caudate (primary-cohort: β = -0.01, p < 0.001; PPMI-cohort: β = -0.05, p = 0.05) and the putamen (primary-cohort: β = -0.05, p = 0.02; PPMI-cohort: β = -0.06, p = 0.02). Intriguingly, a lower lymphocyte count was significantly associated with lower DAT levels in both the caudate (primary-cohort: β = +0.09, p < 0.05; PPMI-cohort: β = +0.11, p = 0.02) and the putamen (primary-cohort: β = +0.09, p < 0.05, PPMI-cohort: β = +0.14, p = 0.01), but an association with the neutrophil count was not consistently observed (caudate; primary-cohort: β = -0.05, p = 0.02; PPMI-cohort: β = 0, p = 0.94; putamen; primary-cohort: β = -0.04, p = 0.08; PPMI-cohort: β = -0.01, p = 0.73)., Conclusions: Our findings across two independent cohorts suggest a relationship between systemic inflammation and dopaminergic degeneration in patients with PD. This relationship was mainly driven by the lymphocyte count. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., (© 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)- Published
- 2023
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25. Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins Contribute to the Resistance of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts against Environmental Stresses.
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Arranz-Solís D, Warschkau D, Fabian BT, Seeber F, and Saeij JPJ
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- Animals, Cats, Oocysts metabolism, Cryoprotective Agents metabolism, Escherichia coli genetics, Sporozoites metabolism, Lactate Dehydrogenases metabolism, Toxoplasma metabolism, Intrinsically Disordered Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, which are shed in large quantities in the feces from infected felines, are very stable in the environment, resistant to most inactivation procedures, and highly infectious. The oocyst wall provides an important physical barrier for sporozoites contained inside oocysts, protecting them from many chemical and physical stressors, including most inactivation procedures. Furthermore, sporozoites can withstand large temperature changes, even freeze-thawing, as well as desiccation, high salinity, and other environmental insults; however, the genetic basis for this environmental resistance is unknown. Here, we show that a cluster of four genes encoding Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA)-related proteins are required to provide Toxoplasma sporozoites resistance to environmental stresses. Toxoplasma LEA-like genes ( TgLEAs ) exhibit the characteristic features of intrinsically disordered proteins, explaining some of their properties. Our in vitro biochemical experiments using recombinant TgLEA proteins show that they have cryoprotective effects on the oocyst-resident lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and that induced expression in E. coli of two of them leads to better survival after cold stress. Oocysts from a strain in which the four LEA genes were knocked out en bloc were significantly more susceptible to high salinity, freezing, and desiccation compared to wild-type oocysts. We discuss the evolutionary acquisition of LEA -like genes in Toxoplasma and other oocyst-producing apicomplexan parasites of the Sarcocystidae family and discuss how this has likely contributed to the ability of sporozoites within oocysts to survive outside the host for extended periods. Collectively, our data provide a first molecular detailed view on a mechanism that contributes to the remarkable resilience of oocysts against environmental stresses. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are highly infectious and may survive in the environment for years. Their resistance against disinfectants and irradiation has been attributed to the oocyst and sporocyst walls by acting as physical and permeability barriers. However, the genetic basis for their resistance against stressors like changes in temperature, salinity, or humidity, is unknown. We show that a cluster of four genes encoding Toxoplasma Late Embryogenesis Abundant (TgLEA)-related proteins are important for this resistance to environmental stresses. TgLEAs have features of intrinsically disordered proteins, explaining some of their properties. Recombinant TgLEA proteins show cryoprotective effects on the parasite's lactate dehydrogenase, an abundant enzyme in oocysts, and expression in E. coli of two TgLEAs has a beneficial effect on growth after cold stress. Moreover, oocysts from a strain lacking all four TgLEA genes were more susceptible to high salinity, freezing, and desiccation compared to wild-type oocysts, highlighting the importance of the four TgLEAs for oocyst resilience.
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- 2023
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26. Fatal Sarcocystis calchasi hepatitis in a captive Indian ringneck parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis).
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Gonzales-Viera O, Arranz-Solís D, Smith J, Saeij JPJ, and Mete A
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- Animals, Columbidae, Parakeets, Psittacula, Sarcocystis, Hepatitis
- Abstract
An adult Indian ringneck parakeet (Psittacula krameri manillensis) from an outdoor aviary in Sacramento, California was found dead on the nest box. Postmortem examination showed firm, enlarged, yellow‑tinged liver and splenomegaly. Multifocal to coalescing, acute necrosis with macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and periportal ductular reaction were seen on liver histology with extra- and intracellular schizonts and merozoites. A few schizonts and lymphohistiocytic inflammation were seen in the spleen. Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, S. falcatula and Neospora caninum were ruled out by immunohistochemistry. PCR of the liver for Sarcocystis spp. Based on the positive amplification/PCR of ITS1 segment and sequencing of 28S rRNA fragment, S. calchasi was confirmed. The splanchnic presentation of S. calchasi in this parakeet resembles the acute infection described experimentally in domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) and cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Since large populations of red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperi), the likely definitive hosts of S. calchasi in North America, inhabit the Sacramento area, their presence near outdoor aviaries may account for the source of S. calchasi infective sporocysts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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27. Atomic crystal structure and sugar specificity of a β-trefoil lectin domain from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor.
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Acebrón I, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Solís D, Menéndez M, García C, Lillo MP, and Mancheño JM
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- Animals, Carbohydrates chemistry, Drosophila melanogaster metabolism, Sugars, Basidiomycota metabolism, Lectins chemistry, Mycorrhizae metabolism
- Abstract
Lectins from fruiting bodies are a diverse group of sugar-binding proteins from mushrooms that face the biologically relevant challenge of discriminating self- from non-self carbohydrate structures, therefore providing a basis for an innate defence system. Such a system entails both detection and destruction of invaders and/or feeders, and in contrast to more complex organisms with immense immune systems, these two functions normally rely on multitasking lectins, namely, lectins with different functional modules. Here, we present a novel fungal lectin, LBL, from the basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor. Using a diverse set of biophysical techniques, we unveil the fine details of the sugar-binding specificity of the N-terminal β-trefoil of LBL (LBL
152 ), whose structure has been determined at the highest resolution so far reported for such a fold. LBL152 binds complex poly-N-Acetyllactosamine polysaccharides and also robust LBL152 binding to Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster cellular extracts was detected in microarray assays, with a seeming preference for the fruit fly adult and pupa stages over the larva stage. Prediction of the structure of the C-terminal part of LBL with AlphaFold reveals a tandem repeat of two structurally almost identical domains of around 110 amino acids each, despite sharing low sequence conservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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28. Optical Detection of Cancer Cells Using Lab-on-a-Chip.
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García-Hernández LA, Martínez-Martínez E, Pazos-Solís D, Aguado-Preciado J, Dutt A, Chávez-Ramírez AU, Korgel B, Sharma A, and Oza G
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- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Optics and Photonics, Optical Phenomena, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Biosensing Techniques methods, Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
The global need for accurate and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis has driven extensive research and technological development in the field. Precision, high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cells are critical requirements for successful technology. Lab-on-a-chip devices offer enormous potential for solving biological and medical problems and have become a priority research area for microanalysis and manipulating cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the detection of cancer cells using the microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip method, focusing on describing and explaining techniques that use optical phenomena and a plethora of probes for sensing, amplification, and immobilization. The paper describes how optics are applied in each experimental method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes a summary of current challenges and prospects for cancer diagnosis.
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- 2023
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29. Coeliac Disease Case-Control Study: Has the Time Come to Explore beyond Patients at Risk?
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Castillejo G, Ochoa-Sangrador C, Pérez-Solís D, Cilleruelo ML, Donat E, García-Burriel JI, Sánchez-Valverde F, Garcia-Calatayud S, Eizaguirre FJ, Martinez-Ojinaga E, Barros P, Leis R, Salazar JC, Barrio J, Peña-Quintana L, Luque V, Polanco I, Ribes C, and Roman E
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- Child, Humans, Case-Control Studies, Transglutaminases, Mass Screening, Immunoglobulin A, Autoantibodies, Celiac Disease diagnosis
- Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of asymptomatic coeliac disease (CD) is increasing, which is in part due to the routine screening of children with risk factors. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with CD are at risk of long-term complications. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic children at the time of CD diagnosis. A case-control study was conducted using data from a cohort of 4838 CD patients recruited from 73 centers across Spain between 2011 and 2017. A total of 468 asymptomatic patients (cases) were selected and matched by age and sex with 468 symptomatic patients (controls). Clinical data, including any reported symptoms, as well as serologic, genetic, and histopathologic data were collected. No significant differences were found between the two groups in most clinical variables, nor in the degree of intestinal lesion. However, the asymptomatic patients were taller (height z-score -0.12 (1.06) vs. -0.45 (1.19), p < 0.001) and were less likely to have anti transglutaminase IgA antibodies ≥ 10 times the upper normal limit (66.2% vs. 758.4%, p = 0.002). Among the 37.1% of asymptomatic patients who were not screened for CD due to the absence of risk factors, only 34% were truly asymptomatic, while the remaining 66% reported non-specific CD-related symptoms. Therefore, expanding CD screening to any child who undergoes a blood test could reduce the burden of care for some children, as many of those considered asymptomatic reported non-specific CD-related symptoms.
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- 2023
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30. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Long-term Immunity in Children: A Prospective Study in Northern Spain.
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García-García E, Calle-Miguel L, Pérez-Solís D, Urueña IC, Merino ÁG, Gómez HH, Poladura MM, and Rodríguez-Pérez M
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- Adult, Humans, Child, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spain, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19
- Abstract
Background: The role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their immune response after infection have been profoundly discussed. Hereby, we analyze both aspects in a Spanish pediatric population., Methods: Prospective, multicentre, longitudinal study performed from July 2020 to September 2021 in children up to 14 years old. Venous blood samples were collected every 6 months and serum was analyzed for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a spike (S) and a nucleocapsid (N) protein assays. Household contacts of seropositive children were tested. Household transmission, antibody dynamics, and durability were analyzed., Results: Two hundred children were recruited and 28 had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the end of the study, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 16.6% (95% CI: 9.5%-19.6%). Most of children (18/28) were secondary cases. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was lower in households with pediatric index cases than in those with adult index cases ( P = 0.023). The median antibody titers in the first positive serology, for the seropositive patients, were 137 BAU/mL (IQR 83.3-427.4) for the S-assay and 132.5 COI (IQR 14.5-170.5) for the N-assay without significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic children. The median time between the RT-PCR and the last serology was 7.5 months (IQR 5.2-8.8), and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after infection was proven to be at least 18 months. There were no cases of seroreversion., Conclusions: (1) Children are not the main drivers of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission. (2) They maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for up to 18 months after infection and the titers are similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic children., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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31. Estimating the Cost of Production of Two Pentatomids and One Braconid for the Biocontrol of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize Fields in Florida.
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Perier JD, Haseeb M, Solís D, Kanga LHB, and Legaspi JC
- Abstract
The fall armyworm is a polyphagous lepidopteran pest that primarily feeds on valuable global crops like maize. Insecticides and transgenic crops have long been a primary option for fall armyworm control, despite growing concerns about transgenic crop resistance inheritance and the rate of insecticide resistance development. Global dissemination of the pest species has highlighted the need for more sustainable approaches to managing overwhelming populations both in their native range and newly introduced regions. As such, integrated pest management programs require more information on natural enemies of the species to make informed planning choices. In this study, we present a cost analysis of the production of three biocontrol agents of the fall armyworm over a year. This model is malleable and aimed towards small-scale growers who might benefit more from an augmentative release of natural enemies than a repetitive use of insecticides, especially since, though the benefits of using either are similar, the biological control option has a lower development cost and is more environmentally sustainable.
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- 2023
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32. Redescriptions of Spinitectus acipenseri and S. micracanthus (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae), with notes on the taxonomy of Spinitectus-like nematodes parasitising North American fishes.
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Moravec F, Huffman DG, de Buron I, and González-Solís D
- Subjects
- Male, Animals, Fishes, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, North America, Spiruroidea, Gastropoda
- Abstract
Based on light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations, two North American species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884, S. acipenseri Choudhury & Dick, 1992 and S. micracanthus Christian, 1972 (Nematoda, Cystidicolidae) are redescribed from museum voucher specimens (S. acipenseri) and those newly collected from centrarchid and some other fishes in the Upper San Marcos River in Texas and the Santee River in South Carolina, USA. The first use of SEM to study S. acipenseri, a parasite of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque (Acipenseridae) in Canada, made it possible to describe dorsal and ventral lips, amphids and sublabia, and the presence of a dorsal barb on the right spicule, which was confirmed to be the most characteristic feature of this species. The SEM study of S. micracanthus, a parasite mainly of centrarchids, enabled us to correctly determine the location of the excretory pore in relation to rings of cuticular spines in the male, and to describe the exact structure of the tip of the male tail, sublabia, phasmids and the presence of a median ventral protuberance on the male tail. Some taxonomic problems of North American species of Spinitectus are discussed. Filaria serrata Linton, 1901 is considered a junior synonym of S. oviflagellis Fourment, 1884. To date, there are 13 valid species of Spinitectus parasitising fishes in North America. Keys to species of Spinitectus-like nematodes from fishes in North American waters are provided., (© F. Moravec et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2023.)
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- 2023
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33. Variation in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children in the region of Asturias, Northern Spain.
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García-García E, Rodríguez-Pérez M, Pérez-Solís D, Pérez-Méndez C, Molinos-Norniella C, Cobo-Ruisánchez Á, Fernández Fernández EM, González NG, and Calle-Miguel L
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Male, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spain epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Antibodies, Viral, Fatigue, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Updated seroprevalence estimates are important to describe the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) landscape and to guide public health decisions. The aims are to describe longitudinal changes in seroprevalence in children in a region in Northern Spain and to analyze factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity., Methods: Prospective multicenter longitudinal study with subjects recruited from July to September 2020. Children (up to 14 years old) were included and followed up until September 2021. Venous blood samples were collected every six months during three testing rounds and were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The data regarding epidemiological features, contact tracing, symptoms, and virological tests were collected. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the study and the differences between children with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests were analyzed., Results: Two hundred children were recruited (50.5% girls, median age 9.7 years). The overall seroprevalence increased from round 1 [1.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3%-4.3%] to round 2 (9.1%, 95% CI 4.6%-12.7%) and round 3 (16.6%, 95% CI 9.5%-19.6%) (P < 0.001). Main changes occurred in children aged zero to four years (P = 0.001) who lived in urban areas (P < 0.001). None of the children who were previously positive became seronegative. Following multivariable analysis, three variables independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were identified: close contact with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed or suspected cases [odds ratio (OR) = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.5], previous positive virological test (OR = 17.1, 95% CI 3.7-78.3) and fatigue (OR = 18.1, 95% CI 1.7-193.4)., Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children has remarkably increased during the time of our study. Fatigue was the only COVID-19-compatible symptom that was more frequent in seropositive than in seronegative children., (© 2022. Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.)
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- 2022
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34. Correlation of Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies With the Mucosal Changes and IgA Status of Children With Celiac Disease.
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Donat E, Roca M, Castillejo G, Sánchez-Valverde F, García-Burriel JI, Martínez-Ojinaga E, Eizaguirre FJ, Barrio J, Cilleruelo ML, Pérez-Solís D, Ochoa-Sangrador C, Vecino-López R, Miranda-Cid MDC, García-Calatayud S, Torres-Peral R, Juste M, Armas H, Barros-García P, Leis R, Solaguren R, Salazar JC, García-Romero R, Ortigosa L, Peña-Quintana L, Urruzuno P, Codoñer-Franch P, Garcia-Casales Z, Masiques ML, Galicia-Poblet G, Crehuá-Gaudiza E, Balmaseda E, Rubio-Santiago J, Polanco-Allué I, Román-Riechmann E, and Ribes-Koninckx C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Autoantibodies, Biopsy, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Transglutaminases, Celiac Disease diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association between serological markers and changes of the intestinal mucosa in children with celiac disease (CD)., Methods: Clinical data from CD patients under 15 years old were collected from the participating centers in an on-line multicenter nationwide observational Spanish registry called REPAC-2 (2011-2017). Correlation between anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (t-TGA) levels and other variables, including mucosal damage and clinical findings (symptoms, age, and gender), was assessed., Results: A total of 2955 of 4838 patients had t-TGA and a small bowel biopsy (SBB) performed for CD diagnosis. A total of 1931 (66.2%) patients with normal IgA values had a Marsh 3b-c lesion and 1892 (64.9%) had t-TGA Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ≥ 10 times upper limit of normal (ULN). There is a statistically significant association between t-TGA IgA levels and the degree of mucosal damage ( P < 0.001), the higher the t-TGA IgA levels the more severe the mucosal damage. Those patients who reported symptoms had more severe mucosal damage ( P = 0.001). On the contrary, there was a negative association between age and changes of the intestinal mucosa ( P < 0.001). No association was found with gender. Regarding the IgA-deficient patients, 47.4% (18 cases) had t-TGA Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ≥ 10 times ULN and a Marsh 3b-c lesion was observed in 68.4% (26 patients). No statistical relation was found between t-TGA IgG levels and the changes of the intestinal mucosa, neither a relation with age, gender, or symptoms., Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between t-TGA IgA levels and the severity of changes of the intestinal mucosa. Such correlation was not found in IgA-deficient patients who had positive t-TGA IgG serology. The results in this group of patients support the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition recommendations about the need of performing a SBB in IgA-deficient individuals despite high t-TGA IgG levels., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 by European Society for European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
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- 2022
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35. Review of the parasitic nematodes of marine fishes from off the American continent.
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Pereira FB and González-Solís D
- Subjects
- Animals, Phylogeny, Fishes parasitology, Life Cycle Stages, Dracunculoidea, Perciformes parasitology, Fish Diseases epidemiology, Fish Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
The ichthyofauna of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts off the American continent is very rich. Consequently, a high biodiversity of nematodes parasitizing these vertebrates is also expected. Currently, data on nematode parasites of marine fish off the Americas are fragmented. A review of all adult nematode species reported parasitizing marine fish from off the American continent is herein presented, as well as comments on their patterns of diversity, life cycles and advances in the taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge. A total of 209 valid species, 19 species inquirendae and 6 dubious records have been recorded, the majority from the fish taxa Eupercaria and Perciformes. The families Sciaenidae, Serranidae and Lutjanidae, as well as the tropical and temperate Atlantic waters, exhibited the highest records of parasitic nematodes. The Cucullanidae, Philometridae and Cystidicolidae were the most speciose families of nematodes, which may be related to technological advances and relatively recent efforts of taxonomists, resulting in description of new taxa and the resolution of taxonomic problems. Numerous taxonomic questions still need resolution and, even though genetic data have been important for this process, the database is very scarce. This is the first review on all currently known nematode species parasitizing marine fish off the Americas and may serve as an important basis of reference for future approaches on these organisms.
- Published
- 2022
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36. White-tailed eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) as the definitive host of Sarcocystis lutrae in the Czech Republic.
- Author
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Máca O and González-Solís D
- Abstract
The white-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla , has been involved in the life cycle of several Sarcocystis species as the intermediate and definitive host. To date, it has been supposed that the eagle might play the role as the definitive host for S . Lutrae , and, herein, we tried to elucidate it based on morphometric and molecular analyses. One out of two eagles harbored oocysts (17.0-17.4 × 11.3-11.9 μm) and sporocysts (11.3-12.3 × 8.3-9.3 μm) in the intestinal mucosa, whose sequences at 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1, and cox1 showed similar identity (97.64-100%) to published sequences of S . lutrae from other hosts. The presence of sporulated oocysts in the lamina propria of villi confirms that S . lutrae truly infects the white-tailed eagle. The white-tailed eagle is confirmed as the definitive host of S . lutrae in the Czech Republic., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Máca and González-Solís.)
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- 2022
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37. Microbiological Quality and Presence of Foodborne Pathogens in Raw and Extruded Canine Diets and Canine Fecal Samples.
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Solís D, Toro M, Navarrete P, Faúndez P, and Reyes-Jara A
- Abstract
Pet food can be a source of microbiological hazards that might affect companion animals and owners. Even though owners usually rely on conventional pet diets, such as extruded diets, new feeding practices, such as raw meat-based diets (RMBDs), have grown. RMBDs' benefits are still scientifically uncertain, while its risks have been documented. The use of canine RMBDs might increase the exposure to zoonotic pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., among others. Identifying pathogen prevalence in canine food and pets is required to contribute to public health measures. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare the microbiological quality of RMBDs and extruded diets (2) to identify and compare the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni , and L. monocytogenes from raw and extruded canine diets and canine fecal samples, and (3) to characterize pet owners according to the diet chosen to be used on their pets, their motivations for using RMBDs, and their knowledge about benefits and risks related to this feeding practice. Conventional and molecular microbiological methods were used to identify pathogen presence from food and fecal samples, while pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to evaluate the clonal relationship between isolates. Aerobic plate counts for RMBDs were higher than those detected for extruded diets. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were isolated from 35.7% (15/42) RMBDs, while Salmonella spp., C. jejuni , and L. monocytogenes from 33.3% (11/33) fecal samples from RMBD-fed dogs. From the RMBD samples positive to Salmonella spp., chicken was the main meat ingredient composing the diets. PFGE analysis confirmed a genetic association between Salmonella spp. isolates from fecal and raw food samples from the same household. We did not detect pathogens from extruded food samples or feces from extruded-fed dogs. Using a survey, we identified dog owners' unawareness and/or underestimation of risks related to RMBDs. We demonstrated that canine raw pet food might be a source of zoonotic foodborne pathogens that represent a health risk for both humans and pets. While clinical findings caused by the mentioned pathogens vary among pets, the zoonotic potential implies a significant concern., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Solís, Toro, Navarrete, Faúndez and Reyes-Jara.)
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- 2022
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38. New Avenues to Design Toxoplasma Vaccines Based on Oocysts and Cysts.
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Arranz-Solís D and Saeij JPJ
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- Animals, Mice, Oocysts, Vaccines, Attenuated, Cysts, Protozoan Vaccines, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Animal
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease affecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Vaccination strategies aimed at inducing an efficient immune response while preventing transmission have been attempted in the past. While many different approaches can partially protect immunized animals against subsequent infections, full and lasting protection is rarely attained and only with live-attenuated vaccines. In addition, vaccines based on mutant strains that are deficient in forming the chronic phase of the parasite (such as Toxovax™) cannot be extensively used due to their zoonotic potential and the possibility of reversion to virulent phenotypes. An increasing number of studies using emerging genetic-engineering tools have been conducted to design novel vaccines based on recombinant proteins, DNA or delivery systems such as nanoparticles. However, these are usually less efficient due to their antigenic simplicity. In this perspective article we discuss potential target genes and novel strategies to generate live-attenuated long-lasting vaccines based on tissue cysts and oocysts, which are the environmentally resistant chronic forms of Toxoplasma . By selectively disrupting genes important for parasite dissemination, cyst formation and/or sporozoite invasion, alone or in combination, a vaccine based on a live-attenuated strain that elicits a protective immune response while preventing the transmission of Toxoplasma could be created. Finally, further improvements of protocols to generate Toxoplasma sexual stages in vitro might lead to the production of oocysts from such a strain without the need for using mice or cats., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Arranz-Solís and Saeij.)
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- 2022
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39. Spanish National Registry of Paediatric Coeliac Disease: Changes in the Clinical Presentation in the 21st Century.
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Pérez Solís D, Cilleruelo Pascual ML, Ochoa Sangrador C, García Burriel JI, Sánchez-Valverde Visus F, Eizaguirre Arocena FJ, Garcia Calatayud S, Martinez-Ojinaga Nodal E, Donat Aliaga E, Barrio Torres J, Castillejo de Villasante G, Miranda Cid MDC, Torres Peral R, Vecino Lopez R, Juste Ruiz M, Armas Ramos H, Barros Garcia P, Leis Trabazo R, Solaguren Alberdi R, Salazar Quero JC, Garcia Romero R, Ortigosa Del Clastillo L, Peña Quintana L, Urruzuno Telleria P, Codoñer Franch P, Garcia Casales Z, Masiques Mas ML, Galicia Poblet G, Martinez Costa C, Balmaseda Serrano E, Polanco Allué I, Ribes Koninck C, and Román Riechmann E
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- Antibodies, Child, Female, Gliadin, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Spain epidemiology, Celiac Disease complications, Celiac Disease diagnosis, Celiac Disease epidemiology, Registries
- Abstract
Objectives: Over the last several decades, there has been a tendency towards a predominance of less symptomatic forms of coeliac disease (CD) and an increase in the patient age at diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnostic process of paediatric CD in Spain., Methods: A nationwide prospective, observational, multicentre registry of new paediatric CD cases was conducted from January 2011 to June 2017. The data regarding demographic variables, type of birth, breast-feeding history, family history of CD, symptoms, height and weight, associated conditions, serological markers, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype, and histopathological findings were collected., Results: In total, 4838 cases (61% girls) from 73 centres were registered. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were detected in 71.4% of the patients, and diarrhoea was the most frequent symptom (45.9%). The most common clinical presentation was the classical form (65.1%) whereas 9.8% ofthe patients were asymptomatic. There was a trend towards an increase in the age at diagnosis, proportion of asymptomatic CD cases, and usage of anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies and HLA typing for CD diagnosis. There was, however, a decreasing trend in the proportion of patients undergoing biopsies. Some of these significant trend changes may reflect the effects of the 2012 ESPGHAN diagnosis guidelines., Conclusions: Paediatric CD in Spain is evolving in the same direction as in the rest of Europe, although classical CD remains the most common presentation form, and the age at diagnosis remains relatively low., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)
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- 2022
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40. Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) of the Argentine Pampas as intermediate host for Neospora caninum.
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Scioscia NP, Hecker YP, Arranz-Solís D, Pedrana J, Urtizbiria FN, Campero LM, Olmos L, Scioli MV, Dorsch MA, Fiorani F, Cheuquepan F, Denegri GM, Moré G, and Moore DP
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- Animals, Foxes, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, South America, Coccidiosis epidemiology, Coccidiosis veterinary, Neospora genetics
- Abstract
The Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) is the most abundant wild canid from South America. This wild canid inhabits grasslands, open woodlands, and areas highly modified by extensive ranching and agricultural activities. We aimed to evaluate Neospora caninum infection in tissues from the Pampas fox from Argentina. A total of 41 free-living Pampas foxes were sampled in rural areas located in the Humid Pampas region, Argentina. Brain tissue and different muscles were assessed by histologic and molecular methods. No N. caninum cysts were observed in brain and muscle tissue samples analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Molecular N. caninum identification from brain tissue was based on amplification by PCR of Nc-5 gene and ITS1 rRNA fragments and subsequent sequencing. The presence of N. caninum DNA was 74% (23/31) for the Nc-5 gene and was confirmed by a second ITS1 PCR in 55% (17/31) of the brain tested. Thirteen ITS1 consensus sequences were obtained, and all have a 99.58-100% similarity with N. caninum reference sequences. Only 4% (1/23) of muscles samples analyzed were positive for the Nc-5 gene of N. caninum. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of N. caninum DNA in brain from free-ranging Pampas fox of the Pampa Argentine, thus confirming that this wild canid is a wide distributed intermediate host., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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41. Rabies Virus Variants Detected from Cougar ( Puma concolor ) in Mexico 2000-2021.
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Garcés-Ayala F, Aguilar-Setién Á, Almazán-Marín C, Cuautle-Zavala C, Chávez-López S, Martínez-Solís D, Gómez-Sierra M, Sandoval-Borja A, Escamilla-Ríos B, López-Martínez I, and Aréchiga-Ceballos N
- Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) recognized Mexico as a country free of human rabies transmitted by dogs. Nevertheless, the sylvatic cycle remains as a public health concern in the country. Although cougars ( Puma concolor ) are not reservoirs of any rabies virus variant (RVV), these felines could act as vectors at the top of the food chain, and their relationships with other organisms must be considered important for the regulatory effect on their prey's populations. In this study, genetic and antigenic characterization was performed on all cougar rabies cases diagnosed at the Rabies Laboratory Network of the Ministry of Health (RLNMH) in Mexico from 2000 to 2021. Samples from other species, a skunk, a horse ( Equus caballus ) (attacked by a cougar), and a gray fox ( Urocyon cineroargenteus ), were included as reference. Rabies cases in cougars were restricted to two Northern states of Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua). Five out of six samples of cougars were RVV7 (Arizona gray fox RVV) and one from Sonora was RVV1. Interestingly, there is no evidence of RVV1 in dogs in the Northern states since the 1990s but skunk species now harbor this RVV1 in this region of the country.
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- 2022
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42. Esophageal Squamous Papilloma: An Exceptional Lesion in Children.
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González Jiménez D, Pérez Corte D, Pérez Solís D, and Corrales Canel MB
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- Child, Humans, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Esophageal Neoplasms, Papilloma diagnosis, Polyps
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- 2022
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43. Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen molecular and supramolecular modifications of plant root microbiota are pivotal for host recognition.
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Vanacore A, Vitiello G, Wanke A, Cavasso D, Clifton LA, Mahdi L, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Solís D, Wuhrer M, Nicolardi S, Molinaro A, Marchetti R, Zuccaro A, Paduano L, and Silipo A
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis immunology, Arabidopsis microbiology, Lipopolysaccharides chemistry, Lipopolysaccharides isolation & purification, O Antigens chemistry, O Antigens isolation & purification, Plant Roots immunology, Plant Roots microbiology, Arabidopsis chemistry, Herbaspirillum immunology, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, O Antigens immunology, Plant Roots chemistry
- Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides, the major outer membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria, are crucial actors of the host-microbial dialogue. They can contribute to the establishment of either symbiosis or bacterial virulence, depending on the bacterial lifestyle. Plant microbiota shows great complexity, promotes plant health and growth and assures protection from pathogens. How plants perceive LPS from plant-associated bacteria and discriminate between beneficial and pathogenic microbes is an open and urgent question. Here, we report on the structure, conformation, membrane properties and immune recognition of LPS isolated from the Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiota member Herbaspirillum sp. Root189. The LPS consists of an O-methylated and variously acetylated D-rhamnose containing polysaccharide with a rather hydrophobic surface. Plant immunology studies in A. thaliana demonstrate that the native acetylated O-antigen shields the LPS from immune recognition whereas the O-deacylated one does not. These findings highlight the role of Herbaspirillum LPS within plant-microbial crosstalk, and how O-antigen modifications influence membrane properties and modulate LPS host recognition., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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44. Role of three bird species in the life cycle of two Sarcocystis spp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in the Czech Republic.
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Máca O and González-Solís D
- Abstract
Birds are one of the groups involved in the development of Sarcocystis Lankester (1882), serving either as intermediate or definitive hosts. The white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758), red kite Milvus milvus (Linnaeus, 1758) (both Accipitriformes) and common starlings Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) were examined to elucidate their participation in the development of Sarcocystis , as well as to determine the specific identity of the parasites based on morphological and especially molecular analyses. In 2020-2021, one white-tailed eagle, one red kite and five common starlings were parasitologically examined for the presence of Sarcocystis using flotation centrifugation coprological method and by wet mounts of intestinal mucosa scrapings and/or muscle samples. Positive samples were processed by light microscopy, histologically and followed molecularly at four genetic markers ( 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 and cox1 ). The white-tailed eagle harboured oocysts/sporocysts of S . arctica Gjerde et Schulze, 2014 in the intestinal mucosa, while the intestinal mucosa of the red kite and breasts and leg muscles of one common starling were positive to S . halieti Gjerde, Vikøren et Hamnes, 2018. Sequences from eagle shared 99.6-100% identity with each other and S . arctica in the red fox ( V . vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) from the Czech Republic. Sequences from the common starling and red kite shared 100% identity with each other and with S . halieti in the great cormorant ( P . carbo [Linnaeus, 1758]) from Lithuania and H . albicilla from Norway. The white-tailed sea eagle might act as definitive host of S . arctica , whereas the common starling and red kite represent intermediate and potential definitive hosts, respectively, for S . halieti ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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45. Bacterial Microarrays for Examining Bacterial Glycosignatures and Recognition by Host Lectins.
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Campanero-Rhodes MA and Solís D
- Subjects
- Bacteria metabolism, Glycosylation, Microarray Analysis, Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism, Lectins metabolism, Polysaccharides chemistry
- Abstract
The surface of bacteria displays diverse carbohydrate structures that may significantly differ among bacteria with the same cell wall architecture and even among strains of a given bacterial species. These structures are often recognized by lectins of the innate immune system for triggering defense responses, although some bacterial pathogens exploit recognition by host lectins for favoring infection. Bacterial microarrays are a useful tool for profiling accessible bacterial surface glycans and for exploring their recognition by innate immune lectins. The use of array-printed bacterial cells enables evaluation of the recognition of the glycan epitopes in their natural presentation, i.e., preserving their real density and accessibility. Glycosylation patterns of bacterial surfaces can be examined by testing the binding to the bacterial arrays of a panel of lectins with known carbohydrate-binding preferences, and the recognition of surface glycans by innate immune lectins can easily be assessed using similar binding assays., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2022
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46. Sarcocystis calchasi and other Sarcocystidae detected in predatory birds in California, USA.
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Rogers KH, Arranz-Solís D, Saeij JPJ, Lewis S, and Mete A
- Abstract
Outbreaks of neurological disease associated with Sarcocystis calchasi have been observed in captive and free-ranging rock pigeons ( Columba livia ) in Europe and the United States as well as in wild Brandt's cormorants ( Phalacrocorax penicillatus ) and captive psittacines in California, USA. Experimental and field studies have identified northern goshawks ( Accipiter gentilis ) and European sparrowhawks ( A. nisus ) as definitive hosts in Europe while the definitive hosts elsewhere remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the potential definitive host(s) of S. calchasi through molecular analysis of intestinal samples from seven predatory (n = 85) and one omnivorous (n = 11) bird species in California. In total, apicomplexan-generic 28S rRNA PCR products were obtained and sequenced for 42 raptors. Three of 16 (18.8%) Cooper's hawks ( A. cooperii ) and two of 26 (5.6%) red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ) also tested positive for the S. calchasi -specific ITS1 PCR and sequencing of the 28S rRNA PCR product was 100% homologous to S. calchasi . In addition to S. calchasi (5.9%; 5/85), other Sarcocystis spp. detected in raptors included: S. jamaicensis (21.2%; 18/85), S. columbae (8.2%; 7/85), S. turdusi (7.1%; 6/85), and S. halieti (4.7; 4/85%). Infections with closely related S. jamaicensis and S. ( Frenkelia ) microti (9.4%; 8/85) could not be distinguished for eight raptors. Eumonospora henryae (1.2%; 1/85) was detected in one raptor. Our results indicate for the first time that S. calchasi may have a definitive host range in North America that includes at least two raptors, Cooper's hawks and red-tailed hawks, within the family Accipitridae., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)
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- 2021
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47. Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis sp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in Offspring of Tengmalm's Owls, Aegolius funereus (Aves, Strigidae).
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Máca O, Kouba M, Korpimäki E, and González-Solís D
- Abstract
Background: Birds act as intermediate or definitive hosts of cyst-forming coccidia parasites of the genus Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882. However, the spectrum of species of Sarcocystis in birds and the role of the latter in the transmission of coccidia are still incomplete for many avian species, including the Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758). During the research on Tengmalm's owls in Finland, some fledglings were found dead and subsequently parasitologically examined. Therefore, this study is focused on the morphological and molecular description of a Sarcocystis species found in the intestine of the Tengmalm's owl and its possible role as a definitive host. Methods: Eleven fledgling owls in the Kauhava region of west-central Finland were found dead and subsequently were submitted for necropsy and parasitologically examined through the flotation-centrifugation coprological technique for the presence of oocysts/sporocysts of the genus Sarcocystis by light microscopy. Wet mounts were used for the examination of muscle samples (breast, legs, and heart). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested-PCR were carried out using primers for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS1 region, and CO1 genes. Results: All 11 examined owls were parasitized by numerous sporocysts and oocysts in the intestinal mucosa scrapings (prevalence, 100%). Sporulated oocysts and sporocysts measured 16.34-16.96 × 11.47-12.09 μm and 11.85-13.52 × 7.77-9.25 μm, respectively. The skeletal and heart muscles were negative for sarcocysts. Sarcocystis sp. ex Aegolius funereus (hereafter Sarcocystis sp. Af) is closely related to Sarcocystis strixi in the barred owl ( Strix varia Barton, 1799) from the USA and Sarcocystis sp. isolate 5 in the European shrew ( Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Czech Republic. Phylogenetic analysis allowed determining the relationship of the herein reported Sarcocystis sp. with its congeners. Conclusions: This work provided the first and most comprehensive record on Sarcocystis from owls obtained in Finland, thus highlighting the importance of molecular data in species identification., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Máca, Kouba, Korpimäki and González-Solís.)
- Published
- 2021
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