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Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5'-UTR of the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR1) gene. Epigenetic silencing of FMR1 results in loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Although most studies to date have focused on excitatory neurons, recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory networks are also affected. To investigate human GABAergic neurogenesis, we established a method to reproducibly derive inhibitory neurons from multiple FXS and control human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. Electrophysiological analyses suggested that the developing FXS neurons had a delay in the GABA functional switch, a transition in fetal development that converts the GABAA channel's function from depolarization to hyperpolarization, with profound effects on the developing brain. To investigate the cause of this delay, we analyzed 14 400 single-cell transcriptomes from FXS and control cells at 2 stages of GABAergic neurogenesis. While control and FXS cells were similar at the earlier time point, the later-stage FXS cells retained expression of neuroblast proliferation-associated genes and had lower levels of genes associated with action potential regulation, synapses, and mitochondria compared with controls. Our analysis suggests that loss of FMRP prolongs the proliferative stage of progenitors, which may result in more neurons remaining immature during the later stages of neurogenesis. This could have profound implications for homeostatic excitatory-inhibitory circuit development in FXS, and suggests a novel direction for understanding disease mechanisms that may help to guide therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of the article is to present the experience of foreign countries using the example of corporate cataloging in the organizational model of unifying libraries in the common library and information system COBISS and to analyze the characteristics and trends of the development of the corporate electronic catalog of this region. The methodological base of the research is based on the application of a complex of general scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and generalization. Scientific novelty. The organizational and functional aspects of corporate cataloging in the region of the Western Balkans, which were practically not covered in the Ukrainian librarianship literature, were considered and analyzed. Conclusions.The COBISS library and information system made it possible to unify the libraries of neighboring countries through the management of corporate cataloging, ordering and maintenance of common databases, and the use of a single toolkit in user service. After joining corporate cataloging, 25% of new records are created by library specialists when working with local electronic catalogs of individual libraries, and 75% of records arecopied, which indicates the efficiency of the system, significant saving of time and financial resources. Catalogers and scientists pay considerable attention to quality control of entered bibliographic records. Acquaintance with experience in the field of corporate cataloging of other countries can be useful when developing the concept and implementation of these processes in the network of Ukrainian libraries.

The relevance of the research undertaken in this article is determined by the fact that recently the concept of sustainable development has changed significantly, and from an auxiliary element ensuring the implementation of production processes, it has become a powerful tool for organizing and conducting production activities in agriculture. Grain production management, based on the use of the concept of sustainable development, is the most important direction for optimizing the production system in any developed country. The presented article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the organization and management of agricultural production in the transition to sustainable development. The necessity of using the concept of sustainable development as a basic condition for the successful development of environmentally friendly agricultural production is substantiated. The perspective directions of interaction of participants in the agricultural production system during the transition to sustainable development are considered. A system of measures adapted to the conditions of environmental management is proposed, contributing to the successful functioning of agricultural production, taking into account the basic principles of sustainable development.

The presented paper investigates the application of HEC-RAS software for modelling of urban area waterlogging by surface rainfall runoff on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The authors assess the risk of emergencies caused by rainfall of different intensities. Using a digital elevation model and an orthophotoplane obtained by airborne laser scanning and aerial photography, the territory and surface types are analyzed. The results of the study identify sensitive areas and consider the feasibility of constructing barrier structures to manage surface runoff. Data on the capacity of the existing pipe and its effect on runoff accumulation are analyzed. The study is of practical relevance for risk assessment and emergency prevention measures related to surface runoff in urban environments on the Black Sea coast.

The prevalence of an innovative type of development based on environmental component is confirmed by the presence in the Strategy and Concept of Sustainable Development of Russia, the Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas, the National Assessment of the progress of the Russian Federation in the transition to sustainable development. However, in Russia there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the role of innovation in solving environmental problems, and the system of innovation policy measures noticeably lags behind developed countries, and even some developing countries. Currently, the situation with solving environmental problems based on an innovative approach in Russia remains extremely acute. The modern innovative orientation of the world development makes it necessary to revise the content of the strategy in Russia in order not to lose its place in the world and take a more significant position there. Intensive development of grain production in the first half of the twentieth century became an objective condition for the transition of most grain-producing countries to innovative and progressive management schemes. The formed vector of ecological production based on an innovative approach in the organization of grain farming has provided significant results.

The study provides nomenclatural history, morphological characteristics and taxonomy of Cocconeis baicalensis and C. skvortzowii described by B.V. Skvortzov from Lake Baikal. The lecto- and epitypification of the names are made, based on the K.I. Meyer and A.P. Skabichevsky materials, ensuring compliance with current nomenclatural standards. The morphological traits of these species were thoroughly examined using light microscopy (LM) nd scanning electron microscopy (SEM), leading to refined diagnoses and the clarification of previously confused synonymy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under microwave (MW) irradiation at 150 °C in toluene and in the presence of nucleophiles (DMAP, triphenylphosphine and tetrahydrothiophene) 1‐substituted 1‐ethynyl‐2‐vinyldi‐ and tetrahydroisoquinolines undergo [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement providing pyrrolo[2,1‐b][3]benzazepines in good yields. The replacement of toluene with acetonitrile directs the rearrangement towards the formation of 7,11b‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tribe Alsineae is a large monophyletic group in the family Caryophyllaceae especially found across Eurasia and the Americas, but with a center of diversity in the Mediterranean region. Several previous molecular phylogenetic studies have focused on the delimitation of genera and tribes of Caryophyllaceae, especially the subfamily Alsinoideae or the tribe Alsineae in a broader sense than now recognized. However, there are still many open questions regarding the subdivision of the tribe and genus delimitation. In the present study, we sampled 191 (148 species) and 149 (125 species) accessions of Alsineae representing almost all (Adenonema and Pseudocerastium were not available to us) recognized genera in the tribe for nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid marker rps16 sequences, respectively. A combined matrix of 103 species was built for taxa with both sequences available. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses retrieved Cerastium and Stellaria (including Myosoton) as the largest monophyletic genera, while other genera were medium‐sized (10–20 spp.) or small (<10 spp.). Our expanded sampling of Pseudostellaria and its relatives suggests a broader circumscription of this genus. Major divergence in morphology, particularly of the seeds, observed in the "Protostellaria"‐clade, allows recognition of some taxonomic changes. A total of 16 genera are recognized in Alsineae including Cerastium, Dichodon, Hartmaniella, Holosteum, Lepyrodiclis, Mesostemma, Moenchia, Nubelaria, Odontostemma, Pseudostellaria, Rabelera, Schizotechium, Shivparvatia, and Stellaria, along with Adenonema and Pseudocerastium that could not be analyzed and are, therefore, kept as distinct genera. A diagnostic key to these genera, as well as notes on their relationships, distribution, and nomenclature, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the Hematology Department in 2014 with complaints of weakness and a low-grade fever. After conducting various tests, it was confirmed that she had Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. She underwent several rounds of chemotherapy and maintenance therapy with rituximab, which resulted in a good clinical response. However, in 2019, an abnormal growth in the soft tissues of patient's frontal region was discovered, which was diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. This later progressed to an intracranial lesion. The patient underwent radiation therapy for both the extramedullary and intracranial growths, which had a positive effect. A year later, she developed a lesion in her lymph nodes and soft tissues of her right leg, which was confirmed to be a recurrence of Waldenstrom disease. She underwent further treatment and is currently in complete remission. This case highlights the rare occurrence of relapse in Waldenstrom disease and the challenges in diagnosing extramedullary lesions. It also demonstrates the success of modern treatment approaches using a combination of therapies., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest and financial support., (Copyright 2024, Sokolova et al.)