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1,786 results on '"Smith, Robert A"'

1. Building a Domain-specific Guardrail Model in Production

Author

Niknazar, Mohammad, Haley, Paul V, Ramanan, Latha, Truong, Sang T., Shrinivasan, Yedendra, Bhowmick, Ayan Kumar, Dey, Prasenjit, Jagmohan, Ashish, Maheshwari, Hema, Ponoth, Shom, Smith, Robert, Vempaty, Aditya, Haber, Nick, Koyejo, Sanmi, and Sundararajan, Sharad

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Generative AI holds the promise of enabling a range of sought-after capabilities and revolutionizing workflows in various consumer and enterprise verticals. However, putting a model in production involves much more than just generating an output. It involves ensuring the model is reliable, safe, performant and also adheres to the policy of operation in a particular domain. Guardrails as a necessity for models has evolved around the need to enforce appropriate behavior of models, especially when they are in production. In this paper, we use education as a use case, given its stringent requirements of the appropriateness of content in the domain, to demonstrate how a guardrail model can be trained and deployed in production. Specifically, we describe our experience in building a production-grade guardrail model for a K-12 educational platform. We begin by formulating the requirements for deployment to this sensitive domain. We then describe the training and benchmarking of our domain-specific guardrail model, which outperforms competing open- and closed- instruction-tuned models of similar and larger size, on proprietary education-related benchmarks and public benchmarks related to general aspects of safety. Finally, we detail the choices we made on architecture and the optimizations for deploying this service in production; these range across the stack from the hardware infrastructure to the serving layer to language model inference optimizations. We hope this paper will be instructive to other practitioners looking to create production-grade domain-specific services based on generative AI and large language models.

Published
2024

2. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge: Glioma Segmentation on Post-treatment MRI

Author

de Verdier, Maria Correia, Saluja, Rachit, Gagnon, Louis, LaBella, Dominic, Baid, Ujjwall, Tahon, Nourel Hoda, Foltyn-Dumitru, Martha, Zhang, Jikai, Alafif, Maram, Baig, Saif, Chang, Ken, D'Anna, Gennaro, Deptula, Lisa, Gupta, Diviya, Haider, Muhammad Ammar, Hussain, Ali, Iv, Michael, Kontzialis, Marinos, Manning, Paul, Moodi, Farzan, Nunes, Teresa, Simon, Aaron, Sollmann, Nico, Vu, David, Adewole, Maruf, Albrecht, Jake, Anazodo, Udunna, Chai, Rongrong, Chung, Verena, Faghani, Shahriar, Farahani, Keyvan, Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi, Iglesias, Eugenio, Kofler, Florian, Li, Hongwei, Linguraru, Marius George, Menze, Bjoern, Moawad, Ahmed W., Velichko, Yury, Wiestler, Benedikt, Altes, Talissa, Basavasagar, Patil, Bendszus, Martin, Brugnara, Gianluca, Cho, Jaeyoung, Dhemesh, Yaseen, Fields, Brandon K. K., Garrett, Filip, Gass, Jaime, Hadjiiski, Lubomir, Hattangadi-Gluth, Jona, Hess, Christopher, Houk, Jessica L., Isufi, Edvin, Layfield, Lester J., Mastorakos, George, Mongan, John, Nedelec, Pierre, Nguyen, Uyen, Oliva, Sebastian, Pease, Matthew W., Rastogi, Aditya, Sinclair, Jason, Smith, Robert X., Sugrue, Leo P., Thacker, Jonathan, Vidic, Igor, Villanueva-Meyer, Javier, White, Nathan S., Aboian, Mariam, Conte, Gian Marco, Dale, Anders, Sabuncu, Mert R., Seibert, Tyler M., Weinberg, Brent, Abayazeed, Aly, Huang, Raymond, Turk, Sevcan, Rauschecker, Andreas M., Farid, Nikdokht, Vollmuth, Philipp, Nada, Ayman, Bakas, Spyridon, Calabrese, Evan, and Rudie, Jeffrey D.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults and one of the deadliest types of cancer. There are many challenges in treatment and monitoring due to the genetic diversity and high intrinsic heterogeneity in appearance, shape, histology, and treatment response. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) playing a key role in treatment planning and post-treatment longitudinal assessment. The 2024 Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge on post-treatment glioma MRI will provide a community standard and benchmark for state-of-the-art automated segmentation models based on the largest expert-annotated post-treatment glioma MRI dataset. Challenge competitors will develop automated segmentation models to predict four distinct tumor sub-regions consisting of enhancing tissue (ET), surrounding non-enhancing T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity (SNFH), non-enhancing tumor core (NETC), and resection cavity (RC). Models will be evaluated on separate validation and test datasets using standardized performance metrics utilized across the BraTS 2024 cluster of challenges, including lesion-wise Dice Similarity Coefficient and Hausdorff Distance. Models developed during this challenge will advance the field of automated MRI segmentation and contribute to their integration into clinical practice, ultimately enhancing patient care., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Published
2024

3. On de Sitter vacua in O(d,d) invariant cosmology

Author

Liu, Yang, Padilla, Antonio, Saffin, Paul M., and Smith, Robert G. C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We perform a thorough analysis of de Sitter vacua in O(d,d) invariant cosmologies. Starting with a homogeneous and isotropic framework we examine conditions for the existence of such vacua, non-perturbative in \alpha' in both the string frame and the Einstein frame. We elucidate the nature of the instability in the string frame vacuum. For the Einstein frame, we demonstrate that the de Sitter vacuum cannot be eternal. We then extend our analysis to include Bianchi I universes where the O(d,d) symmetry includes scale factor exchange as well as scale factor duality. We show how the theory can be extended to the anisotropic case so that it admits de Sitter vacua, noting the crucial role played by the O(d,d) symmetry in satisfying any additional constraints., Comment: Paper updated with references added, most notably that of Rost and Nunez which includes details of additional dS solutions

Published
2024

4. Emergent Braitenberg-style Behaviours for Navigating the ViZDoom `My Way Home' Labyrinth

Author

Bayer, Caleidgh, Smith, Robert J., and Heywood, Malcolm I.

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The navigation of complex labyrinths with tens of rooms under visual partially observable state is typically addressed using recurrent deep reinforcement learning architectures. In this work, we show that navigation can be achieved through the emergent evolution of a simple Braitentberg-style heuristic that structures the interaction between agent and labyrinth, i.e. complex behaviour from simple heuristics. To do so, the approach of tangled program graphs is assumed in which programs cooperatively coevolve to develop a modular indexing scheme that only employs 0.8\% of the state space. We attribute this simplicity to several biases implicit in the representation, such as the use of pixel indexing as opposed to deploying a convolutional kernel or image processing operators.

Published
2024

6. Smoothed asymptotics: from number theory to QFT

Author

Padilla, Antonio and Smith, Robert G. C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Inspired by the method of smoothed asymptotics developed by Terence Tao, we introduce a new ultra-violet regularisation scheme for loop integrals in quantum field theory which we call $\eta$ regularisation. This allows us to reveal a surprising connection between the elimination of divergences in divergent series of powers and the preservation of gauge invariance in the regularisation of loop integrals in quantum field theory. In particular, we note that a method for regularising the series of natural numbers so that it converges to minus one twelfth inspires a regularisation scheme for non-abelian gauge theories coupled to Dirac fermions that preserves the Ward identity for the vacuum polarisation tensor. We also comment on a possible connection to Schwinger proper time integrals., Comment: 26 pages

Published
2024

7. Long nanomechanical resonators with circular cross-section

Author

Autti, Samuli, Casey, Andrew, Connelly, Marie, Darvishi, Neda, Franchini, Paolo, Gorman, James, Haley, Richard P., Heikkinen, Petri J., Kemp, Ashlea, Leason, Elizabeth, March-Russell, John, Monroe, Jocelyn, Noble, Theo, Pickett, George R., Prance, Jonathan R., Rojas, Xavier, Salmon, Tineke, Saunders, John, Slater, Jack, Smith, Robert, Thompson, Michael D., West, Stephen M., Whitehead, Luke, Zavjalov, Vladislav V., Zhang, Kuang, and Zmeev, Dmitry E.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Fabrication of superconducting nanomechanical resonators for quantum research, detectors and devices traditionally relies on a lithographic process, resulting in oscillators with sharp edges and a suspended length limited to a few 100 micrometres. We report a low-investment top-down approach to fabricating NbTi nanowire resonators with suspended lengths up to several millimetres and diameters down to 100 nanometres. The nanowires possess high critical currents and fields, making them a natural choice for magnetomotive actuation and sensing. This fabrication technique is independent of the substrate material, dimensions and layout and can readily be adapted to fabricate nanowire resonators from any metal or alloy with suitable ductility and yield strength. Our work thus opens access to a new class of nanomechanical devices with applications including microscopic and mesoscopic investigations of quantum fluids, detecting dark matter and fundamental materials research in one-dimensional superconductors in vacuum., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

8. Polygenic liability for antipsychotic dosage and polypharmacy - a real-world registry and biobank study

Author

Koch, Elise, Kämpe, Anders, Alver, Maris, Sigurðarson, Sindri, Einarsson, Guðmundur, Partanen, Juulia, Smith, Robert L., Jaholkowski, Piotr, Taipale, Heidi, Lähteenvuo, Markku, Steen, Nils Eiel, Smeland, Olav B., Djurovic, Srdjan, Molden, Espen, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Stefánsson, Kári, Palotie, Aarno, Milani, Lili, O’Connell, Kevin S., and Andreassen, Ole A.

Published
2024
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12. The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

Author

Poldrack, Russell A., Markiewicz, Christopher J., Appelhoff, Stefan, Ashar, Yoni K., Auer, Tibor, Baillet, Sylvain, Bansal, Shashank, Beltrachini, Leandro, Benar, Christian G., Bertazzoli, Giacomo, Bhogawar, Suyash, Blair, Ross W., Bortoletto, Marta, Boudreau, Mathieu, Brooks, Teon L., Calhoun, Vince D., Castelli, Filippo Maria, Clement, Patricia, Cohen, Alexander L, Cohen-Adad, Julien, D'Ambrosio, Sasha, de Hollander, Gilles, de la iglesia-Vayá, María, de la Vega, Alejandro, Delorme, Arnaud, Devinsky, Orrin, Draschkow, Dejan, Duff, Eugene Paul, DuPre, Elizabeth, Earl, Eric, Esteban, Oscar, Feingold, Franklin W., Flandin, Guillaume, galassi, anthony, Gallitto, Giuseppe, Ganz, Melanie, Gau, Rémi, Gholam, James, Ghosh, Satrajit S., Giacomel, Alessio, Gillman, Ashley G, Gleeson, Padraig, Gramfort, Alexandre, Guay, Samuel, Guidali, Giacomo, Halchenko, Yaroslav O., Handwerker, Daniel A., Hardcastle, Nell, Herholz, Peer, Hermes, Dora, Honey, Christopher J., Innis, Robert B., Ioanas, Horea-Ioan, Jahn, Andrew, Karakuzu, Agah, Keator, David B., Kiar, Gregory, Kincses, Balint, Laird, Angela R., Lau, Jonathan C., Lazari, Alberto, Legarreta, Jon Haitz, Li, Adam, Li, Xiangrui, Love, Bradley C., Lu, Hanzhang, Maumet, Camille, Mazzamuto, Giacomo, Meisler, Steven L., Mikkelsen, Mark, Mutsaerts, Henk, Nichols, Thomas E., Nikolaidis, Aki, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Norgaard, Martin, Okell, Thomas W, Oostenveld, Robert, Ort, Eduard, Park, Patrick J., Pawlik, Mateusz, Pernet, Cyril R., Pestilli, Franco, Petr, Jan, Phillips, Christophe, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Pollonini, Luca, Raamana, Pradeep Reddy, Ritter, Petra, Rizzo, Gaia, Robbins, Kay A., Rockhill, Alexander P., Rogers, Christine, Rokem, Ariel, Rorden, Chris, Routier, Alexandre, Saborit-Torres, Jose Manuel, Salo, Taylor, Schirner, Michael, Smith, Robert E., Spisak, Tamas, Sprenger, Julia, Swann, Nicole C., Szinte, Martin, Takerkart, Sylvain, Thirion, Bertrand, Thomas, Adam G., Torabian, Sajjad, Varoquaux, Gael, Voytek, Bradley, Welzel, Julius, Wilson, Martin, Yarkoni, Tal, and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS.

Published
2023
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18. Characterisation of three-body loss in ${}^{166}$Er and optimised production of large Bose-Einstein condensates

Author

Krstajić, Milan, Juhász, Péter, Kučera, Jiří, Hofer, Lucas R., Lamb, Gavin, Marchant, Anna L., and Smith, Robert P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Ultracold gases of highly magnetic lanthanide atoms have enabled the realisation of dipolar quantum droplets and supersolids. However, future studies could be limited by the achievable atom numbers and hindered by high three-body loss rates. Here we study density-dependent atom loss in an ultracold gas of ${}^{166}$Er for magnetic fields below $4\ \textrm{G}$, identifying six previously unknown features which display both a strong temperature dependence and also sensitivity to the polarisation and intensity of the light used to optically trap the atoms. This detailed knowledge of the loss landscape allows us to optimise the production of dipolar BECs with more than $2 \times 10^5$ atoms and points towards optimal strategies for the study of large-atom-number dipolar gases in the droplet and supersolid regimes., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

19. Cavity Click Chemistry: Cavity-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition

Author

Pavosevic, Fabijan, Smith, Robert L., and Rubio, Angel

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Click chemistry, which refers to chemical reactions that are fast, selective, and with high product yields, has become a powerful approach in organic synthesis and chemical biology. Due to the cytotoxicity of the transition metals employed in click chemistry reactions, a search for novel metal-free alternatives continues. Herein we demonstrate that an optical cavity can be utilized as a metal-free alternative in click chemistry cycloaddition reaction between cyanoacetylene and formylazide using the quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster (QED-CC) method. We show that by changing the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the cavity mode(s), the reaction can be selectively catalyzed to form a major 1,4-disubstituted or 1,5-disubstituted product. This work highlights that a cavity has the same effect on the investigated cycloaddition as the transition metal catalysts traditionally employed in click chemistry reactions. We expect our findings to further stimulate research in cavity-assisted click chemistry reactions.

Published
2023

22. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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23. Optical forces in heat-assisted magnetic recording head-disk interface.

Author

Tom, Roshan, Smith, Robert, Ruiz, Oscar, Dai, Qing, and Bogy, David

Abstract

A main challenge in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording technology is the build-up of contaminants called smear on the near field transducer. In this paper, we investigate the role of optical forces originating from the electric field gradient in the formation of smear. First, based on suitable theoretical approximations, we compare this force with air drag and the thermophoretic force in the head-disk interface for two smear nanoparticle shapes. Then, we evaluate the force fields sensitivity to the relevant parameter space. We find that the smear nanoparticles refractive index, shape, and volume significantly impact the optical force. Further, our simulations reveal that the interface conditions, such as spacing and the presence of other contaminants, also influence the magnitude of the force.

Published
2023

24. What Does It Mean to Tutor? Conceptualizing Tutoring with a Commitment to Social Justice in Preservice Teacher Education

Author

Smith, Robert W. and Tompkins, Christa

Abstract

The article focuses on a tutoring program between high school students and preservice teacher students from a local college. The 10-week tutoring program, which involved two 1-hour tutoring sessions each week. On the first visit to the high school, the teachers and principal provided the preservice teachers with a 30-minute orientation and tour of the school. The preservice teachers had to submit a lesson plan for their tutoring that was reviewed by staff in the college's Education Lab. At the end of each week, the preservice teachers wrote a one-page reflection on their tutoring experience to include the lesson's objectives; the activities they used; an evaluation of whether they met the objectives; and what they learned about their tutees, themselves as tutors, and the process of tutoring. They were also encouraged to include any connections to the instructional design course in which they were currently enrolled as well as prior education courses. The tutoring program (renamed a mentoring program) helped preservice teachers realize the importance of looking at the whole person when evaluating their success. Conversations with the two high schools teachers and principal also established a clearer sense of purpose to the program around "seeing the child," including why some students, because of their race, class, and gender, are not seen.

Published
2022

26. Universal equation of state for wave turbulence in a quantum gas

Author

Dogra, Lena H., Martirosyan, Gevorg, Hilker, Timon A., Glidden, Jake A. P., Etrych, Jiří, Cao, Alec, Eigen, Christoph, Smith, Robert P., and Hadzibabic, Zoran

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Boyle's 1662 observation that the volume of a gas is, at constant temperature, inversely proportional to pressure, offered a prototypical example of how an equation of state (EoS) can succinctly capture key properties of a many-particle system. Such relations are now cornerstones of equilibrium thermodynamics. Extending thermodynamic concepts to far-from-equilibrium systems is of great interest in various contexts including glasses, active matter, and turbulence, but is in general an open problem. Here, using a homogeneous ultracold atomic Bose gas, we experimentally construct an EoS for a turbulent cascade of matter waves. Under continuous forcing at a large length scale and dissipation at a small one, the gas exhibits a non-thermal, but stationary state, which is characterised by a power-law momentum distribution sustained by a scale-invariant momentum-space energy flux. We establish the amplitude of the momentum distribution and the underlying energy flux as equilibrium-like state variables, related by an EoS that does not depend on the details of the energy injection or dissipation, or the history of the system. Moreover, we show that the equations of state for a wide range of interaction strengths and gas densities can be empirically scaled onto each other. This results in a universal dimensionless EoS that sets benchmarks for the theory and should also be relevant for other turbulent systems., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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27. Interacting Bose-condensed gases

Author

Eigen, Christoph and Smith, Robert P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We provide an overview of the effects of interactions in Bose-condensed gases. We focus on phenomena that have been explored in ultracold atom experiments, covering both tuneable contact interactions and dipolar interactions. Our discussion includes: modifications to the ground state and excitation spectrum, critical behaviour near the Bose--Einstein condensation temperature, the unitary regime where the interactions are as strong as allowed by quantum mechanics, quantum droplets in mixtures, and supersolids in dipolar gases., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, invited contribution to Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, 2nd edition

Published
2022

31. Observation of gapless nodal-line states in NdSbTe

Author

Regmi, Sabin, Smith, Robert, Sakhya, Anup Pradhan, Sprague, Milo, Mondal, Mazharul Islam, Elius, Iftakhar Bin, Valadez, Nathan, Ptok, Andrzej, Kaczorowski, Dariusz, and Neupane, Madhab

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Lanthanide (Ln) based systems in the ZrSiS-type nodal-line semimetals have been subjects of research investigations as grounds for studying the interplay of topology with possible magnetic ordering and electronic correlations that may originate from the presence of Ln 4f electrons. In this study, we carried out a thorough study of a LnSbTe system - NdSbTe - by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy along with first-principles calculations and thermodynamic measurements. We experimentally detect the presence of multiple gapless nodal-line states, which is well supported by first-principles calculations. A dispersive and an almost non-dispersive nodal-line exist along the bulk X-R direction. Another nodal-line is present well below the Fermi level across the G- M direction, which is formed by bands with high Fermi velocity that seem to be sensitive to light polarization. Our study provides an insight into the electronic structure of a new LnSbTe material system that will aid towards understanding the connection of Ln elements with topological electronic structure in these systems., Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures; Supplemental Material included

Published
2022
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32. JAXFit: Trust Region Method for Nonlinear Least-Squares Curve Fitting on the GPU

Author

Hofer, Lucas R., Krstajić, Milan, and Smith, Robert P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We implement a trust region method on the GPU for nonlinear least squares curve fitting problems using a new deep learning Python library called JAX. Our open source package, JAXFit, works for both unconstrained and constrained curve fitting problems and allows the fit functions to be defined in Python alone -- without any specialized knowledge of either the GPU or CUDA programming. Since JAXFit runs on the GPU, it is much faster than CPU based libraries and even other GPU based libraries, despite being very easy to use. Additionally, due to JAX's deep learning foundations, the Jacobian in JAXFit's trust region algorithm is calculated with automatic differentiation, rather than than using derivative approximations or requiring the user to define the fit function's partial derivatives.

Published
2022

33. Catalysis in Click Chemistry Reactions Controlled by Cavity Quantum Vacuum Fluctuations: The Case of endo/exo Diels-Alder Reaction

Author

Pavošević, Fabijan, Smith, Robert L., and Rubio, Angel

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Achieving control over chemical reaction's rate and stereoselectivity realizes one of the Holy Grails in chemistry that can revolutionize chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Strong light-matter interaction in optical or nanoplasmonic cavities might provide the knob to reach such control. In this work, we demonstrate the catalytic and selectivity control of an optical cavity for two selected Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions using the quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster (QED-CC) method. Herein, we find that by changing the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the cavity mode the reactions can be significantly inhibited or selectively enhanced to produce major endo or exo products on demand. This work highlights the potential of utilizing quantum vacuum fluctuations of an optical cavity to modulate the rate of Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions and to achieve stereoselectivity in a practical and non-intrusive way. We expect that the present findings will be applicable to a larger set of relevant click chemical reactions under strong light-matter coupling conditions.

Published
2022

35. Improving the validity and usability of decision models : case studies with a focus on physical activity

Author

Smith, Robert, Goyder, Elizabeth, Squires, Hazel, and Thomas, Chloe

Abstract

Background: Health economic evaluation has a crucial role to play in the allocation of scarce societal resources. Economic models used in these evaluations must have a high degree of external validity but must also be usable in order to effectively inform policy. However, there is sometimes a trade-off between the realism of models (external validity) and the ease with which stakeholders can understand and interact with them (usability). This trade-off is particularly relevant in the field of physical activity where modelling is complicated and data availability is limited. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the balance between the external-validity and usability of models used in health economic evaluations of physical activity interventions and develop ways to build models that are more externally valid and usable. Methods: The study begins by identifying limitations in the external-validity and usability of published physical activity models, with a particular focus on models used to inform National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. Three case studies of adaptations to improve external validity are provided, with a discussion of their implications for usability. Additionally, ways to improve the usability of models are examined, with methods proposed to make models more accessible, transparent, secure, and efficient to construct and maintain. Results: The results of this thesis demonstrate that models can be improved in terms of both external validity and/or usability. The case studies provided show that methodological developments to physical activity models are feasible given new modelling methods and advancements in computing power, but despite improving external validity may reduce usability. Additionally, this thesis outlines methods by which health economic models can be made more accessible, transparent, secure, and efficient to construct and maintain, thereby improving their usability. Discussion: The overall conclusion of this thesis is that economic evaluation models should be as externally valid and usable as possible. However, a trade-off sometimes exists between the two. With a fixed budget for evaluation, attempts to improve external validity can have an opportunity cost in terms of resources allocated to making models easy to use and understand. The incorporation of methods from computing and data science can help mitigate this trade-off.

Published
2023

37. Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry

Author

Taitingfong, Riley I, Triplett, Cynthia, Vásquez, Váleri N, Rajagopalan, Ramya M, Raban, Robyn, Roberts, Aaron, Terradas, Gerard, Baumgartner, Bridget, Emerson, Claudia, Gould, Fred, Okumu, Fredros, Schairer, Cynthia E, Bossin, Hervé C, Buchman, Leah, Campbell, Karl J, Clark, Anna, Delborne, Jason, Esvelt, Kevin, Fisher, Joshua, Friedman, Robert M, Gronvall, Gigi, Gurfield, Nikos, Heitman, Elizabeth, Kofler, Natalie, Kuiken, Todd, Kuzma, Jennifer, Manrique-Saide, Pablo, Marshall, John M, Montague, Michael, Morrison, Amy C, Opesen, Chris C, Phelan, Ryan, Piaggio, Antoinette, Quemada, Hector, Rudenko, Larisa, Sawadogo, Natéwindé, Smith, Robert, Tuten, Holly, Ullah, Anika, Vorsino, Adam, Windbichler, Nikolai, Akbari, Omar S, Long, Kanya, Lavery, James V, Evans, Sam Weiss, Tountas, Karen, and Bloss, Cinnamon S

Subjects
Gene Drive Technology, Registries, Data Collection
Published
2023

39. Breast cancer incidence among women with a family history of breast cancer by relatives age at diagnosis.

Author

Durham, Danielle, Abraham, Linn, Roberts, Megan, Khan, Carly, Smith, Robert, Kerlikowske, Karla, and Miglioretti, Diana

Subjects
BCSC, Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, breast cancer screening, family history of breast cancer, mammography, Female, Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Incidence, Mammography, Medical History Taking, Early Detection of Cancer, Mass Screening, Risk Factors
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer are often advised to begin screening when they are 10 years younger than the age at which their relative was diagnosed. Evidence is lacking to determine how much earlier they should begin. METHODS: Using Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium data on screening mammograms from 1996 to 2016, the authors constructed a cohort of 306,147 women 30-59 years of age with information on first-degree family history of breast cancer and relatives age at diagnosis. The authors compared cumulative 5-year breast cancer incidence among women with and without a first-degree family history of breast by relatives age at diagnosis and by screening age. RESULTS: Among 306,147 women included in the study, approximately 11% reported a first-degree family history of breast cancer with 3885 breast cancer cases identified. Women reporting a relative diagnosed between 40 and 49 years and undergoing screening between ages 30 and 39 or 40 and 49 had similar 5-year cumulative incidences of breast cancer (respectively, 18.6/1000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1, 25.7; 18.4/1000; 95% CI, 13.7, 23.5) as women without a family history undergoing screening between 50-59 years of age (18.0/1000; 95% CI, 17.0, 19.1). For relatives diagnosis age from 35 to 45 years of age, initiating screening 5-8 years before diagnosis age resulted in a 5-year cumulative incidence of breast cancer of 15.2/1000, that of an average 50-year-old woman. CONCLUSION: Women with a relative diagnosed at or before age 45 may wish to consider, in consultation with their provider, initiating screening 5-8 years earlier than their relatives diagnosis age.

Published
2022

41. List of contributors

Author

Aizawa, Shin-Ichi, primary, Alberdi, Pilar, additional, Alexander, David C., additional, Alía, Alberto, additional, Allison, D.G., additional, Amyes, Sebastian G.B., additional, An, Haoran, additional, Andrade, María J., additional, Antelmann, Haike, additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Asensio, Miguel A., additional, Axell-House, Dierdre B., additional, Bae, Hee-Won, additional, Baena, Laura Muñoz, additional, Baig, Abdul Mannan, additional, Bailey, Spenser O., additional, Baize, Sylvain, additional, Baldi, Pablo C., additional, Barbosa, Angela Silva, additional, Barbuddhe, Sukhadeo B., additional, Bard, Emilie, additional, Barry, Eileen M., additional, Basarab, Gregory S., additional, Beloborodova, N.V, additional, Bermúdez, Elena, additional, Bidmos, Fadil A., additional, Bisgaard, Magne, additional, Blakely, Garry W., additional, Bloch, Evan, additional, Boesen, Thias Oberg, additional, Bose, Dipayan, additional, Botero, Javier Enrique, additional, Bouabe, Hicham, additional, Bouchard, Michael J., additional, Bozue, Joel A., additional, Bradbury, Richard S., additional, Brett Moreau, G., additional, Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro, additional, Cai, Rong-Jun, additional, Calderón, Enrique J., additional, Cao, Boyang, additional, Carmena, David, additional, Carvalho, Eneas, additional, Caulfield, Amanda D., additional, Cen, Shan, additional, Chai, Jong-Yil, additional, Chamberland, Robin R., additional, Champredon, David, additional, Chan, Edward D., additional, Charbon, Godefroid, additional, Chato, Connor, additional, Chelomina, G.N., additional, Chen, Jingyu, additional, Chen, Min, additional, Chen, Shuyu, additional, Chen, Suilin, additional, Chen, Yanfei, additional, Chen, Zhaoyuan, additional, Cheng, Aimin, additional, Cheng, Keding, additional, Chiu, Charles Y., additional, Cho, You-Hee, additional, Christensen, Henrik, additional, Chrtdernevskaya, E.A., additional, Contreras, Adolfo, additional, Contreras, Marinela, additional, Córdoba, Juan J., additional, Córdoba, María G., additional, Costa, Rita, additional, Cote, Christopher K., additional, Cui, Xiangling, additional, Cui, Yujun, additional, Dacal, Elena, additional, Dammann, Allison N., additional, Das, Shubhagata, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, de la Fuente, José, additional, de la Garza, Mireya, additional, Delgado, Josué, additional, Delgado-Cuesta, Juan, additional, Deng, Haiteng, additional, Deng, Li, additional, Dey, Debajit, additional, Dhama, Kuldeep, additional, Diego, Juan García-Bernalt, additional, Ding, Hao, additional, Doern, Christopher D., additional, Dorman, Charles J., additional, Du, Zongmin, additional, Dunbar, Sherry A., additional, Duthie, Malcolm, additional, Dybvig, Kevin F., additional, Eakin, Ann E., additional, Eallonardo, Samuel J., additional, Eberly, Allison R., additional, Echeverry, Adriana Jaramillo, additional, Egland, Paul G., additional, El Zowalaty, Mohamed E., additional, Endsley, Janice Jones, additional, Eom, Keeseon S., additional, Evans, Benjamin A., additional, Falkinham, Joseph O., additional, Feng, Siwei, additional, Feng, Yaoyu, additional, Feng, Zongdi, additional, Fernández-Soto, Pedro, additional, Ferreira, Roux-Cil, additional, Flores-Huerta, Nadia, additional, Foster, Timothy J., additional, Fox-Moon, Sandra M., additional, Fraga, Tatiana Rodrigues, additional, Fredricks, David N., additional, Freitag, Nancy E., additional, Frimodt-Møller, Jakob, additional, Fuller, Risa, additional, Ganesh, Balasubramanian, additional, Gao, Ning, additional, García-Carnero, Laura C., additional, Garzetti, Debora, additional, Geoghegan, Joan A., additional, Ghenim, Raed, additional, Giambartolomei, Guillermo H., additional, Gilbert, Nicole M., additional, Gillis, Thomas Phillip, additional, Gladstone, Camilla A., additional, Gómez-Gaviria, Manuela, additional, Gómez-Marín, Jorge E., additional, Gong, Tengfang, additional, González, Ramón A., additional, Gray-Owen, Scott D., additional, Gu, Bing, additional, Guzmán-Téllez, Paula, additional, Hajal, Caroline, additional, Han, Yanping, additional, Hao, Yi, additional, Harrington, Amanda T., additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Harvill, Eric T., additional, Hasan, S. Saif, additional, He, Guang-Jun, additional, He, Yongqun, additional, Heffron, Jared D., additional, Hidalgo, Paloma, additional, Hindiyeh, Musa Y., additional, Hreha, Teri N., additional, Hu, Xiaoyu, additional, Huang, Guanghua, additional, Huang, Jiangqing, additional, Huang, Liang, additional, Huang, Shifeng, additional, Huang, Xingxu, additional, Huang, Xueting, additional, Huang, Yilun, additional, Huffman, Anthony, additional, Humphreys, Tricia L., additional, Hunstad, David A., additional, Inglis, Timothy J.J., additional, Isaac, Lourdes, additional, Jacobs, Samantha E., additional, Janowicz, Diane M., additional, Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu, additional, Ji, Quanjiang, additional, Jia, Qi, additional, Jia, Wei, additional, Jin, Shouguang, additional, Jneidi, Lama, additional, Jose, Shinsmon, additional, Jung, Bong-Kwang, additional, Kattan, Randa, additional, Kaushik, Rahul, additional, Khare, Reeti, additional, Kim, Eun Sook, additional, Kirn, Thomas J., additional, Koo, Hyun, additional, Köster, Pamela C., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Kumar, Sanjai, additional, Kupz, Andreas, additional, Lambert, P.A., additional, Lamont, Richard J., additional, Langford, Paul R., additional, Lebeaux, David, additional, Legname, Giuseppe, additional, Li, Bin, additional, Li, Chunhao, additional, Li, Fen, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Li, Lanjuan, additional, Li, Ruofan, additional, Li, Ruoyu, additional, Li, Ting, additional, Li, Yang-Yang, additional, Li, Yanhua, additional, Li, Zhuorong, additional, Liang, Xiaomeng, additional, Liao, Guojian, additional, Lin, Ping, additional, Ling, Yun, additional, Liu, Bo, additional, Liu, Dongyou, additional, Liu, Guohua, additional, Liu, Huidi, additional, Liu, Jiafeng, additional, Liu, Jintao, additional, Liu, Qi, additional, Liu, Shu-Lin, additional, Liu, Taiping, additional, Liu, Tongbao, additional, Liu, Wei, additional, Liu, Yan, additional, Liu, Yanni, additional, Liu, Yisong, additional, Liu, Yuan, additional, Løbner-Olesen, Anders, additional, Loeffelholz, Michael, additional, Lu, Hongzhou, additional, Luna, Brian, additional, Ma, Bingting, additional, Ma, Chengying, additional, Ma, Shuang, additional, Ma, TianLi, additional, Madan, Rajat, additional, Mahle, Rachael E., additional, Mahlen, Steven D., additional, Malik, Satya Veer Singh, additional, Malik, Yashpal Singh, additional, Malvy, Denis, additional, Mann, Barbara J., additional, Marasini, Daya, additional, Maris, Alexander S., additional, Marjomäki, Varpu, additional, Marjuki, Henju, additional, Martín, Alberto, additional, Martín, Irene, additional, Martínez-Castillo, Moisés, additional, Martínez-Pabón, María Cecilia, additional, Mathison, Blaine A., additional, Ma’ayeh, Showgy, additional, McDowell, Andrew, additional, McLaughlin, Stephanie E., additional, McSheffrey, Gordon G., additional, Medrano, Francisco J., additional, Meehan, Conor J., additional, Mehta, Dhwani, additional, Mejía-Oquendo, Manuela, additional, Melo-Cristino, José, additional, Mendoza-Barberá, Elena, additional, Meng, Xinan, additional, Merino, Susana, additional, Merritt, Adam J., additional, Miller, Steve, additional, Miller, William R., additional, Minamino, Tohru, additional, Mirzaei, Mohammadali Khan, additional, Mora-Montes, Héctor M., additional, Mortensen, Joel, additional, Mostafa, Heba H., additional, Muhsen, Khitam, additional, Mujahed, Ahlam, additional, Muro, Antonio, additional, Murphy, Olwen C., additional, Newton, Hayley J., additional, Nguyen, April H., additional, Nichols, Wright W., additional, Niu, Siqiang, additional, Núñez, Félix, additional, Obregon, Dasiel, additional, Okamoto, Akira, additional, Okutani, Akiko, additional, Olabode, Abayomi, additional, Omar, Muna, additional, Ong, Edison, additional, Ouyang, Zhiming, additional, Pacak, Christina A., additional, Pacheco-Yépez, Judith, additional, Palmer, John, additional, Pang, Xiaoli, additional, Paredes-Sabja, Daniel, additional, Peng, Zhong, additional, Peng, Zonggen, additional, Pérez-Nevado, Francisco, additional, Poon, Art, additional, Pospíšilová, Petra, additional, Potts, Caelin C., additional, Pu, Qinqin, additional, Pujic, Petar, additional, Qi, Rui, additional, Qian, Chenyun, additional, Qian, Liu, additional, Qin, Aiping, additional, Qu, Fen, additional, Rakin, Alexander, additional, Ramesh, Ashwin, additional, Ramirez, Mario, additional, Rao, Yu, additional, Ratner, Adam J., additional, Rawool, Deepak B., additional, Rehman, Asma, additional, Ren, Jie, additional, Ren, Ping, additional, Retchless, Adam C., additional, Robertson, Erle S., additional, Rodríguez, Alicia, additional, Rodriguez, Azucena, additional, Rodríguez-Medina, Carolina, additional, Rodriguez-Nava, Veronica, additional, Rohde, Manfred, additional, Romero-Rodríguez, Alba, additional, Rosales-Morgan, Gabriela, additional, Rosenkranz, Andrea L., additional, Ruiz-Moyano, Santiago, additional, Ruokolainen, Visa, additional, Sabateen, Ali, additional, Sahu, Radhakrishna, additional, Sails, Andrew, additional, Sang, Yu, additional, Santana, Clarissa H., additional, Santos, Jesus A., additional, Santos, Renato L., additional, Schmitz, Jonathan E., additional, Serrano-Luna, Jesús, additional, Shen, Jianzhong, additional, Shen, Zhangqi, additional, Shibayama, Mineko, additional, Shirtliff, Mark E., additional, Silva-Costa, Catarina, additional, Silva-Olivares, Angélica, additional, Singh, Niraj Kumar, additional, Šmajs, David, additional, Smith, Robert P., additional, Smith, Sophie, additional, Snyder, Lori A.S., additional, Song, Yinggai, additional, Soro, Aurea Simon, additional, Spearman, Paul, additional, Spellberg, Brad, additional, Sprague, Lisa D., additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Strenk, Susan M., additional, Strugnell, Richard A., additional, Sun, Keer, additional, Suo, Xun, additional, Suzuki-Hatano, Silveli, additional, Svärd, Staffan, additional, Talbot, Elizabeth A., additional, Tamez-Castrellón, Alma K., additional, Tan, Nie, additional, Tang, Cynthia Y., additional, Tang, Yi-Wei, additional, Tao, Jia, additional, Tao, Lili, additional, Terrero-Salcedo, David, additional, Tharmalingam, Jayaraman, additional, Thwe, Phyu M., additional, Tiamani, Kawtar, additional, Tomás, Juan M., additional, Topaz, Nadav, additional, Tsai, Ang-Chen, additional, Tsalik, Ephraim L., additional, Tuomanen, Elaine I., additional, Turenne, Christine Y., additional, Tyagi, Anuj, additional, Uprety, Priyanka, additional, Valour, Florent, additional, van Hensbergen, Vincent P., additional, Venkatesan, Arun, additional, Vergis, Jess, additional, Villar, Margarita, additional, Vollmer, Waldemar, additional, Waites, Ken B., additional, Wan, Xiu-Feng, additional, Wang, Guiqing, additional, Wang, Lijun, additional, Wang, Lin, additional, Wang, Linqi, additional, Wang, Xiangru, additional, Wang, Xin, additional, Wang, Xinjie, additional, Wang, Ya-Ting, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Wang, Yating, additional, Weil, Ana A., additional, Welkos, Susan L., additional, Wengenack, Nancy L., additional, Westblade, Lars F., additional, Whitfield, Chris, additional, Wu, Hui, additional, Wu, Lijuan, additional, Wu, Min, additional, Wu, Yarong, additional, Wu, Zhaowei, additional, Xiang, Ye, additional, Xiao, Di, additional, Xiao, Li, additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Xu, Tao, additional, Xu, Wenyue, additional, Xu, Xinping, additional, Xue, Jinling, additional, Yadav, Jay Prakash, additional, Yan, Junxiang, additional, Yan, Yixin, additional, Yang, Changmei, additional, Yang, Ruifu, additional, Yang, Ying, additional, Yao, Kaihu, additional, Yao, Yu-Feng, additional, Yeakle, Kyle C., additional, Yu, Demin, additional, Yu, Hao, additional, Yu, Xue-Jie, additional, Yuan, Zhenghong, additional, Zai, Wenjing, additional, Zhang, Jianzhong, additional, Zhang, Jing-Ren, additional, Zhang, Lanyue, additional, Zhang, Lijie, additional, Zhang, Qiwei, additional, Zhang, Wenbao, additional, Zhang, Wenhong, additional, Zhang, Xinxin, additional, Zhao, Youbao, additional, Zhou, Chuanmin, additional, Zhu, Feng, additional, Zhu, Jingting, additional, and Zhu, Yongqun, additional

Published
2024
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45. Human babesiosis

Author

Smith, Robert P., primary, Bloch, Evan, additional, Kumar, Sanjai, additional, and Krause, Peter J., additional

Published
2024
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46. Complex electronic structure evolution of NdSb across the magnetic transition

Author

Sakhya, Anup Pradhan, Wang, Baokai, Kabir, Firoza, Huang, Cheng-Yi, Hosen, M. Mofazzel, Singh, Bahadur, Regmi, Sabin, Dhakal, Gyanendra, Dimitri, Klauss, Sprague, Milo, Smith, Robert, Bauer, Eric D., Ronning, Filip, Bansil, Arun, and Neupane, Madhab

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The rare-earth monopnictide (REM) family, which hosts magnetic ground states with extreme magnetoresistance, has established itself as a fruitful playground for the discovery of interesting topological phases. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy complemented by first-principles density functional-theory based modeling, we examine the evolution of the electronic structure of the candidate REM Dirac semimetal NdSb across the magnetic transition. A complex angel-wing-like band structure near the zone center and three arc-like features at the zone corner have been observed. This dramatic reconstruction of the itinerant bands around the zone center is shown to be driven by the magnetic transition: Specifically,, the Nd 5d electron band backfolds at the Gamma point and hybridizes with the Sb 5p hole bands in the antiferromagnetic phase. Our study indicates that antiferromagnetism plays an intricate role in the electronic structure of the REM family., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures; Supplemental Materials included

Published
2022
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47. Observation of Fermi arcs and Weyl nodes in a non-centrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal

Author

Sakhya, Anup Pradhan, Huang, Cheng-Yi, Dhakal, Gyanendra, Gao, Xue-Jian, Regmi, Sabin, Wang, Baokai, Wen, Wei, He, R. -H., Yao, Xiaohan, Smith, Robert, Sprague, Milo, Gao, Shunye, Singh, Bahadur, Lin, Hsin, Xu, Su-Yang, Tafti, Fazel, Bansil, Arun, and Neupane, Madhab

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Weyl semimetal (WSM), a novel state of quantum matter, hosts Weyl fermions as emergent quasiparticles resulting from the breaking of either inversion or time-reversal symmetry. Magnetic WSMs that arise from broken time-reversal symmetry provide an exceptional platform to understand the interplay between magnetic order and Weyl physics, but few WSMs have been realized. Here, we identify CeAlSi as a new non-centrosymmetric magnetic WSM via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles, density-functional theory based calculations. Our surface-sensitive vacuum ultraviolet ARPES data confirms the presence of surface Fermi arcs as, the smoking gun evidence for the existence of the Weyl semimetallic state in CeAlSi. We also observe bulk Weyl cones in CeAlSi using bulk-sensitive soft-X-ray ARPES measurements. In addition, Ce 4f at bands are found near the Fermi level, indicating that CeAlSi is a unique platform for investigating exotic quantum phenomena resulting from the interaction of topology, magnetism and electronic correlations., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures; supplementary information included

Published
2022
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48. Measuring Laser Beams with a Neural Network

Author

Hofer, Lucas R., Krstajić, Milan, and Smith, Robert P.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A deep neural network (NN) is used to simultaneously detect laser beams in images and measure their center coordinates, radii and angular orientations. A dataset of images containing simulated laser beams and a dataset of images with experimental laser beams, generated using a spatial light modulator, are used to train and evaluate the NN. After training on the simulated dataset the NN achieves beam parameter rootmean-square-errors (RMSEs) of less than 3.4% on the experimental dataset. Subsequent training on the experimental dataset causes the RMSEs to fall below 1.1%. The NN method can be used as a stand-alone measurement of the beam parameters or can compliment other beam profiling methods by providing an accurate region-of-interest., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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50. Machine-learning-assisted high-temperature reservoir thermal energy storage optimization

Author

Jin, Wencheng, Atkinson, Trevor A, Doughty, Christine, Neupane, Ghanashyam, Spycher, Nicolas, McLing, Travis L, Dobson, Patrick F, Smith, Robert, and Podgorney, Robert

Subjects
Engineering, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Affordable and Clean Energy, Climate Action, Reservoir thermal energy storage, Multi-objective optimization, Machine learning, Pareto front, Neural network, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering, Energy
Abstract

High-temperature reservoir thermal energy storage (HT-RTES) has the potential to become an indispensable component in achieving the goal of the net-zero carbon economy, given its capability to balance the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation. In this study, a machine-learning-assisted computational framework is presented to identify HT-RTES site with optimal performance metrics by combining physics-based simulation with stochastic hydrogeologic formation and thermal energy storage operation parameters, artificial neural network regression of the simulation data, and genetic algorithm-enabled multi-objective optimization. A doublet well configuration with a layered (aquitard-aquifer-aquitard) generic reservoir is simulated for cases of continuous operation and seasonal-cycle operation scenarios. Neural network-based surrogate models are developed for the two scenarios and applied to generate the Pareto fronts of the HT-RTES performance for four potential HT-RTES sites. The developed Pareto optimal solutions indicate the performance of HT-RTES is operation-scenario (i.e., fluid cycle) and reservoir-site dependent, and the performance metrics have competing effects for a given site and a given fluid cycle. The developed neural network models can be applied to identify suitable sites for HT-RTES, and the proposed framework sheds light on the design of resilient HT-RTES systems.

Published
2022

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