16 results on '"Smaragdi, Areti"'
Search Results
2. Inter-rater reliability of the Early Assessment Risk List Version 3 (EARL-V3) for children displaying antisocial behavior
- Author
-
Smaragdi, Areti, Schwarz, Lara Jasmin, Austevik, Thea Johsefine, Walsh, Margaret, Webster, Christopher, and Augimeri, Leena
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Machine learning classification of conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits based on facial emotion recognition abilities
- Author
-
Pauli, Ruth, Kohls, Gregor, Tino, Peter, Rogers, Jack C., Baumann, Sarah, Ackermann, Katharina, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Jansen, Lucres, Oldenhof, Helena, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, Boonmann, Cyril, Kersten, Linda, Bigorra, Aitana, Hervas, Amaia, Stadler, Christina, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, Popma, Arne, Konrad, Kerstin, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Rotshtein, Pia, and De Brito, Stephane A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment
- Author
-
Staginnus, Marlene, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konrad, Kerstin, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine M., De Brito, Stephane A., and Fairchild, Graeme
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder: a coordinated analysis of 15 international cohorts from the ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group
- Author
-
Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, Townend, Sophie, Arango, Celso, Bajaj, Sahil, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Edward D., Benegal, Vivek, Berluti, Kathryn, Bernhard, Anka, Blair, Robert J.R., Boateng, Charlotte P.S., Bokde, Arun L.W., Brandeis, Daniel, Buitelaar, Jan K., Burt, S. Alexandra, Cardinale, Elise M., Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Hui, Chen, Xianliang, Chester, Sally C., Colins, Olivier F., Cornwell, Harriet, Craig, Michael, Cubillo, Ana I., Desrivieres, Sylvane, Díaz, Dana E., Dietrich, Andrea, Dong, Daifeng, Dykstra, Anouk H., Franke, Barbara, Freitag, Christine M., Glennon, Jeffrey C., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Hagan, Cindy C., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holla, Bharath, Hyde, Luke W., Ibrahim, Karim, Jabeen, Nimrah, Jackson, Rebecca L., Jiang, Yali, Kohls, Gregor, Konrad, Kerstin, Kypta-Vivanco, Alexandra, Lamers, Kim, Ma, Ren, Marsh, Abigail A., Martinelli, Anne, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Michalska, Kalina J., Ming, Qingsen, Minosse, Silvia, Mitchell, Colter, Monk, Christopher S., Murphy, Declan, Mycue, Leah E., Naaijen, Jilly, Oosterling, Maaike, Passamonti, Luca, Pauli, Ruth, Penzol Alonso, Maria Jose, Phillips, Harriet, Ploe, Montana L., Raschle, Nora M., Roberts, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C., Rosa-Justicia, Mireia, Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas, Schulze, Ulrike M.E., Schumann, Gunter, Sethi, Arjun, Smaragdi, Areti, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., Stadler, Christina, Stevens, Michael C., Sukhodolsky, Denis G., Sully, Kate, Sun, Xiaoqiang, Toschi, Nicola, Townsend, Christopher D., van der Wee, Nic J.A., Vermeiren, Robert, Viding, Essi, Wang, Xiaoping, Westerman, Heidi B., Wu, Qiong, Yao, Shuqiao, Zhang, Jibiao, Zhou, Jiansong, Zhou, Jiawei, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Ching, Christopher R.K., Kang, Melody J.Y., Thompson, Paul M., Klapwijk, Eduard T., Pine, Daniel S., Baskin-Sommers, Arielle, Cecil, Charlotte A.M., Aghajani, Moji, Walton, Esther, Fairchild, Graeme, and De Brito, Stephane A.
- Abstract
Conduct disorder is associated with the highest burden of any mental disorder in childhood, yet its neurobiology remains unclear. Inconsistent findings limit our understanding of the role of brain structure alterations in conduct disorder. This study aims to identify the most robust and replicable brain structural correlates of conduct disorder.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Identifying Cortical Structure Markers of Resilience to Adversity in Young People using Surface-Based Morphometry
- Author
-
Cornwell, Harriet, primary, Toschi, Nicola, additional, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, additional, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, additional, Mackes, Nuria, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Raschle, Nora Maria, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine M, additional, De Brito, Stephane A, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Correction: SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study
- Author
-
Farrow, Elizabeth, Chiocchetti, Andreas G., Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Raschle, Nora M., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Chechlacz, Magdalena, and De Brito, Stephane A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study
- Author
-
Farrow, Elizabeth, Chiocchetti, Andreas G., Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Raschle, Nora M., Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Smaragdi, Areti, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Fairchild, Graeme, Freitag, Christine M., Chechlacz, Magdalena, and De Brito, Stephane A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. 91. Testing the Ecophenotype Hypothesis: Investigating the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on White Matter Microstructure in Young People With Conduct Disorder
- Author
-
Townend, Sophie, primary, Staginnus, Marlene, additional, Rogers, Jack, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Raschle, Nora, additional, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Freitag, Christine, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, De Brito, Stephane, additional, and Fairchild, Graeme, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Identifying structural brain markers of resilience to adversity in young people using voxel-based morphometry.
- Author
-
Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, Staginnus, Marlene, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Rogers, Jack, Martinelli, Anne, Kohls, Gregor, Raschle, Nora Maria, Konrad, Kerstin, Stadler, Christina, Freitag, Christine, De Brito, Stephane, and Fairchild, Graeme
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,VOXEL-based morphometry ,EXECUTIVE function ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,POST-traumatic stress disorder - Abstract
There is increasing evidence that resilience in youth may have a neurobiological basis. However, the existing literature lacks a consistent way of operationalizing resilience, often relying on arbitrary judgments or narrow definitions (e.g., not developing PTSD) to classify individuals as resilient. Therefore, this study used data-driven, continuous resilience scores based on adversity and psychopathology to investigate associations between resilience and brain structure in youth. Structural MRI data from 298 youth aged 9–18 years (M
age = 13.51; 51% female) who participated in the European multisite FemNAT-CD study were preprocessed using SPM12 and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. Resilience scores were derived by regressing data on adversity exposure against current/lifetime psychopathology and quantifying each individual's distance from the regression line. General linear models tested for associations between resilience and gray matter volume (GMV) and examined whether associations between resilience and GMV differed by sex. Resilience was positively correlated with GMV in the right inferior frontal and medial frontal gyri. Sex-by-resilience interactions were observed in the middle temporal and middle frontal gyri. These findings demonstrate that resilience in youth is associated with volume in brain regions implicated in executive functioning, emotion regulation, and attention. Our results also provide evidence for sex differences in the neurobiology of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment
- Author
-
Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938, Staginnus, Marlene; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6271, Cornwell, Harriet, Toschi, Nicola, Oosterling, Maaike, Paradysz, Michal, Smaragdi, Areti, González-Madruga, Karen; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-7536, Pauli, Ruth, Rogers, Jack C, Bernhard, Anka; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-1360, Martinelli, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-9778, Kohls, Gregor; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-2939, Raschle, Nora Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3160-5999, Konrad, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-2615, Stadler, Christina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-0635, Freitag, Christine M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-4782, De Brito, Stephane A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6185, and Fairchild, Graeme; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-9938
- Published
- 2023
12. A mega-analysis of cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder in youth: Influence of sex, age-of-onset and callous-unemotional traits
- Author
-
Gao, Yidian, Staginnus, Marlene, De Brito, Stephane, Fairchild, Graeme, Aghajani, Moji, Klapwijk, Eduard, Cecil, Charlotte, Baskin–Sommers, Arielle, Pine, Daniel, Raine, Adrian, Walton, Esther, Thompson, Paul, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Jahanshad, Neda, Sully, Kate, Zhou, Jiawei, Oosterling, Maaike, Walsh, Nicholas, Hagan, Cindy, Kypta-Vivanco, Alexandra, Toschi, Nicola, Passamonti, Luca, Goodyer, Ian, Minosse, Silvia, Jackson, Rebecca, Michalska, Kalina, Glenn, Dana, Hyde, Luke, Westerman, Heidi, Monk, Christopher, Mitchell, Colter, Burt, S., Blair, James, Bajaj, Sahil, Dietrich, Andrea, Hoekstra, Pieter, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan, Lamers, Kim, Dykstra, Anouk, Naaijen, Jill, Glennon, Jeffrey, Viding, Essi, Sethi, Arjun, Roberts, Ruth, Philips, Harriet, Marsh, Abigail, Ploe, Montana, Berluti, Kathryn, Cardinale, Elise, Craig, Michael, Murphy, Declan, Vermeiren, Robert, van der Wee, Nic, Boateng, Charlotte, Colins, Olivier, Sukhodolsky, Denis, Ibrahim, Karim, Stevens, Michael, Yao, Shuqiao, Jiang, Yali, Zhong, Xue, Zhang, Jibiao, Ming, Qingsen, Ma, Ren, Wang, Xiaoping, Zhou, Jiansong, Chen, Hui, Chen, Xianliang, Benegal, Vivek, Holla, Bharath, Schumann, Gunter, Freitag, Christine, Stadler, Christina, Konrad, Kerstin, Raschle, Nora, Rogers, Jack, Cubillo, Ana, Kohls, Gregor, Martinelli, Anne, Cornwell, Harriet, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, Pauli, Ruth, Townend, Sophie, Chester, Sally, Townsend, Christopher, Jabeen, Nimrah, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, and Barker, Edward
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,Neuroscience and Neurobiology ,conduct disorder ,Mega-analysis ,Developmental Psychology ,Cognitive Psychology ,ENIGMA ,Life Sciences ,Psychology ,Structural MRI study ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders and is characterised by a repetitive and pervasive pattern of aggressive or antisocial behaviours, such as physical aggression towards other humans or animals, theft, property damage and rule violations (APA, 2013). The worldwide prevalence of CD is estimated to be 2-2.5%, with a prevalence of 3-4% in boys and 1-2% in girls (Maughan et al., 2004). Overall, CD is a leading cause of referral to child and adolescent mental health services and places an enormous burden on the affected individuals, their families and society (Erksine et al., 2014; Rivenbark et al., 2018). Although neuroimaging studies have reported alterations in brain structure in CD and supported the view that CD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, a major concern of the diagnostic criteria for CD (e.g., initiating physical fights) is that they are entirely based on behavioural symptoms, and can be shared with other disorders (e.g., ADHD, Substance Use Disorder, Tourette's disorder or Bipolar Disorder), and are therefore less informative about the underlying psychological states/cognitions or neural substrates which drive the symptoms (Blair et al., 2005; Fairchild et al., 2019). A comprehensive and thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of CD may help address this question and help refine diagnostic approaches. Neuroimaging studies on CD have shown altered neural responses in tasks involving emotional processing and executive function (Alegria et al., 2016; Noordermeer et al., 2016; Raschle et al., 2015) and reductions in grey matter volume (Noordermeer et al., 2016; Raschle et al., 2015; Rogers & De Brito, 2016) across a number of cortical (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal and insular cortices) and subcortical (e.g., amygdala and basal ganglia) regions critical for emotion processing and regulation, reinforcement-based decision-making, executive function and empathic responding (Fairchild et al., 2019). Although these discoveries marked pivotal advances in our understanding of CD, the evidence base suffers from two important limitations. First, inconsistent findings and a lack of replication are common; demographic and clinical features of the samples, as well as methodological factors, have likely contributed to this. For example, CD is a heterogeneous disorder with subtypes based on the age-of-onset of symptoms (childhood-onset versus adolescence-onset, which is defined by whether severe antisocial behaviours emerge before or after 10 years of age), and the presence or absence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (encompassed by the ‘with limited prosocial emotions’ specifier in the DSM-5; APA, 2013). However, most primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of CD have not examined the influence of these subtypes on their findings. Potential sex differences in the relationship between CD and brain structure might also have contributed to the inconsistent findings (Smaragdi et al., 2017). Most studies of CD have focused only on males and hence it is currently understudied/unclear whether females with CD show similar alterations. Relatedly, studies that have investigated mixed-sex samples were largely underpowered to test for sex-by-diagnosis interactions and may hence have contributed to the inconsistencies observed in the literature. Second, most of the neuroimaging studies had small sample sizes, increasing the risk for false positives and false negatives (Button et al., 2013), as well as resulting in limited power to test differences between CD subtypes or explore heterogeneity. In this context, our understanding of CD-related brain structural alterations could be improved through a large-scale coordinated and harmonised analysis of the vast amounts of existing data to map brain differences in heterogeneous CD patients worldwide. In 2009, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analyses (ENIGMA) consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu) was established to pool brain imaging data from existing cohorts across the world in order to better understand brain structure, function, and disease, based on meta- and mega-analyses of brain imaging and genetic data (Bearden & Thompson, 2017; Thompson et al., 2020). The ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior (ASB) working group aims to clarify associations between CD, conduct problems (CPs), psychopathy, or antisocial personality disorder and alterations in brain structure and function by using ENIGMA’s highly powered consortium approach to overcome the limitations of small studies with low power and uncertain reproducibility. Therefore, the proposed study will focus on examining the cortical and subcortical correlates of CD using a mega-analysis (i.e., individual participant data meta-analysis) of structural MRI (sMRI) data, considering the influence of subtypes and testing for possible sex-specific effects. In addition to those with a CD diagnosis, there is a considerable amount of youths demonstrating elevated CP (Ghandour et al., 2019; Deighton et al., 2019), but who have not been assessed with diagnostic instruments and/or have not received a clinical diagnosis of CD. It is of interest if the findings from case-control comparisons of brain structure can be generalised to undiagnosed youths with elevated CP. As youths with a CD diagnosis are often recruited from specialised settings (e.g., clinics, mental health services or youth offending services), studying youths with elevated CP recruited through non-specialised settings would reduce selection bias and increase the generalisability of findings to a broader population (Horga et al., 2014). Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated structural brain alterations in youths with elevated CP, including decreased grey matter volume in the insula, amygdala, frontal and temporal regions (Raschle et al., 2015; Rogers & De Brito, 2016). A longitudinal study also reported altered trajectories of cortical thickness development in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and volume of the hippocampus in youths showing elevated CP (Oostermeijer et al., 2016). Hence, both CP and CD appear to be related to similar and overlapping MRI findings of lower volume in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system. However, to date, no study has directly investigated if and how the cortical and subcortical alterations in youths with elevated CP overlap with the findings in youths with CD. Comparing youths with CD, elevated CP and TD will help clarify the neural mechanisms underlying antisocial behaviours in the clinical population, and extend the results to a more heterogeneous group of undiagnosed individuals showing elevated CP. Based on the ENIGMA-ASB datasets and using large-scale mega-analytical methods, the proposed study will also include an elevated CP group to identify the shared brain alterations underlying elevated antisocial behaviours as well as the specific alterations limited to youths with CD through the large-scale mega-analysis. Research Questions: (1) Do youths with CD show differences in cortical thickness, surface area and/or subcortical volume compared to TD youths? (2) How are sex, age-of-onset and CU traits related to brain alterations in CD? (3) Can alterations detected in youths with CD be generalised to youths with elevated CP?
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Psychosocial Intervention for Youth With High Externalizing Behaviors and Aggression Is Associated With Improvement in Impulsivity and Brain Gray Matter Volume Changes
- Author
-
Kolla, Nathan J., primary, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Gainham, George, additional, Karas, Karolina A., additional, Hawco, Colin, additional, Haas, Justin, additional, Skilling, Tracey A., additional, Walsh, Margaret, additional, and Augimeri, Leena, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Machine learning classification of conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits based on facial emotion recognition abilities
- Author
-
Pauli, Ruth, primary, Kohls, Gregor, additional, Tino, Peter, additional, Rogers, Jack C., additional, Baumann, Sarah, additional, Ackermann, Katharina, additional, Bernhard, Anka, additional, Martinelli, Anne, additional, Jansen, Lucres, additional, Oldenhof, Helena, additional, Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen, additional, Smaragdi, Areti, additional, Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel, additional, Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki, additional, Boonmann, Cyril, additional, Kersten, Linda, additional, Bigorra, Aitana, additional, Hervas, Amaia, additional, Stadler, Christina, additional, Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu, additional, Popma, Arne, additional, Konrad, Kerstin, additional, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, additional, Fairchild, Graeme, additional, Freitag, Christine M., additional, Rotshtein, Pia, additional, and De Brito, Stephane A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder.
- Author
-
Konrad, Kerstin, Kohls, Gregor, Baumann, Sarah, Bernhard, Anka, Martinelli, Anne, Ackermann, Katharina, Smaragdi, Areti, Gonzalez‐Madruga, Karen, Wells, Amy, Rogers, Jack C., Pauli, Ruth, Clanton, Roberta, Baker, Rosalind, Kersten, Linda, Prätzlich, Martin, Oldenhof, Helena, Jansen, Lucres, Kleeven, Anneke, Bigorra, Aitana, and Hervas, Amaia
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology ,BORDERLINE personality disorder ,INTERVIEWING ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,SEX distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,MENTAL depression ,AGE factors in disease ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,ANXIETY ,COMORBIDITY - Abstract
Background: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed‐onset pathway' hypotheses of female CD. Methods: As part of the FemNAT‐CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9–18 years), compared to 864 sex‐ and age‐matched typically developing controls. Results: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post‐traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the 'gender paradox' hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age‐of‐onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood‐onset CD). In line with the 'delayed‐onset pathway' hypothesis, girls with adolescent‐onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood‐onset CD, while boys with adolescent‐onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology. Conclusions: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the 'gender paradox' and 'delayed‐onset pathway' hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex‐specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Psychophysiological responses to sadness in girls and boys with conduct disorder.
- Author
-
Oldenhof H, Jansen L, Ackermann K, Baker R, Batchelor M, Baumann S, Bernhard A, Clanton R, Dochnal R, Fehlbaum LV, Fernandez-Rivas A, Goergen S, Gonzalez de Artaza-Lavesa M, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Gonzalez-Torres MA, Gundlach M, Lotte van der Hoeven M, Kalogerakis Z, Kapornai K, Kieser M, Konsta A, Martinelli A, Pauli R, Rogers J, Smaragdi A, Sesma-Pardo E, Siklósi R, Steppan M, Tsiakoulia F, Vermeiren R, Vriends N, Werner M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Kohls G, De Brito S, Konrad K, Stadler C, Fairchild G, Freitag CM, and Popma A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Emotions physiology, Humans, Sadness, Conduct Disorder, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia physiology
- Abstract
Reduced responsiveness to emotions is hypothesized to contribute to the development of conduct disorder (CD) in children and adolescents. Accordingly, blunted psychophysiological responses to emotions have been observed in boys with CD, but this has never been tested in girls. Therefore, this study compared psychophysiological responses to sadness in girls and boys with and without CD, and different clinical phenotypes of CD: with versus without limited prosocial emotions (LPE), and with versus without comorbid internalizing disorders (INT). Nine-hundred and 27 girls (427 CD, 500 controls) and 519 boys (266 CD, 253 controls) aged 9-18 years participated. Psychophysiological responses were measured while participants watched two validated sad film clips, specifically: heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; indexing parasympathetic activity), preejection period (PEP; indexing sympathetic activity). Girls and boys with CD showed larger HR responses to sadness than controls. This effect was rendered nonsignificant, however, after controlling for covariates. We observed aberrant RSA responses to sadness in CD compared with controls. Similarly, we found a significant positive association between RSA responsivity and antisocial behavior when assessed dimensionally. The effects were very small, though. Results were similar for boys and girls. We found no evidence for emotional underresponsiveness in CD in the largest psychophysiological study to date in this field. More research is needed to explore whether this is specific to sadness or generalizes to other emotions. Furthermore, we recommend that studies on emotion processing in CD assess different physiological measures to help disentangle CD-related effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.