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Background: In many countries, educational opportunities and choices may differ according to factors related to location. This may have a significant impact on young people’s life chances and trajectories. The in-depth, ethnographic study reported here focuses attention on rural/non-rural variations in transition programmes for school students requiring additional support. Purpose: The research sought to explore why, seemingly counterintuitively, students requiring additional support in rural Swedish areas might experience more successful transitions than students in some less rural locations. Methods: Data included field observations from selected municipalities and interviews with school staff and local officials. Using themes drawn from the data, the Local Learning Ecologies framework was adopted as an analysis tool to capture the detail of relevant macro-, micro- and intermediate-level factors and experiences. Findings: Fine-grained analysis of the rich data suggested that the national expansion of school choice and decentralisation in Sweden has affected the organisation of transition programmes. In particular, decentralisation has led to the concentration of national programme provision in city centres, meaning that some students in municipalities may have abundant options but require substantial commuting to access them. Overall, important factors for successful transitions may include short distances between school institutions (facilitating information flows); collaboration between teachers, other professionals and students, and clear options for students. Conclusions: The study highlights that although decentralisation may have, on the face of it, appeared to broaden options for young people in some (particularly commuter-belt) municipalities, their trajectories appear to have become more opaque and choices potentially more restricted. In contrast, short distances between institutions and better collaboration between staff, students and local entrepreneurs in rural municipalities seem to provide clearer options for students within transition programmes.

Ziel der Arbeit ist die Erarbeitung eines flexiblen und standortunabhängigen Schutzhüttenkonzepts, welches sowohl auf unterschiedliche Standortbedingungen als auch auf unterschiedliche Anforderungen des Nutzers anwendbar ist und diese erfüllt. Zur Bestimmung der Anforderungen an einen alpinen Bauplatz und eine Schutzhütte erfolgt im Vorfeld eine genaue Betrachtung des alpinen Ökosystems, der Entwicklung alpiner Hüttenarchitektur sowie ausgewählter moderner Umsetzungen. Als Grundlage für das Konzept dient der im September 2021 ausgeschriebene Wettbewerb des Schweizer Alpin Clubs zum Wiederaufbau des Mittelaletschbiwaks, welches Anfang 2019 durch eine Lawine zerstört wurde. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in zwei Teile. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein Programm in Grasshopper® zur Standortermittlung und Überprüfung der im Wettbewerb vorgeschlagenen Standorte vorgestellt. Dazu werden anhand der Anforderungen an einen Bauplatz Bewertungskriterien ausgearbeitet und diese gewichtet. Das Programm kann auf ein beliebiges Gebiet angewandt werden und soll die Langlebigkeit und Optimierung der geplanten Schutzhütte unterstützen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird ein Hüttenkonzept auf Grundlage der ermittelten Anforderungen an eine Schutzhütte erarbeitet. Dieses Konzept kann in 3 Größen (S, M, L) und verschiedenen Konfigurationen ausgeführt werden, um sowohl auf die unterschiedlichen örtlichen Gegebenheiten als auch auf unterschiedliche Nutzeranforderungen zu reagieren., The aim of the work is to elaborate a flexible and site-independent refuge concept that is applicable to and fulfils different site conditions as well as different user requirements. For the elaboration of the requirements for an alpine building site and a refuge, a detailed consideration of the alpine ecosystem, the development of alpine refuge architecture as well as selected modern implementations is carried out in advance. The basis for the concept is the competition announced in September 2021 by the Swiss Alpine Club for the reconstruction of the Mittelaletsch bivouac, which was destroyed by an avalanche in early 2019. The work is divided into 2 parts. In the first part of the work, a program is created in Grasshopper® for site evaluation and verification of the sites proposed in the competition. For this purpose, evaluation criteria are worked out on the basis of the requirements for a building site and these are weighted. The program created can be applied to any site and is intended to support the longevity and optimization of the proposed refuge. In the second part of the work, a refuge concept is developed based on the identified requirements for a refuge. This concept can be executed in 3 sizes (S, M, L) and different configurations to respond to different local conditions as well as different user requirements.

Aufgrund der fehlenden Nutzung verfällt die rund hundertjährige ehemalige Ziegelfabrik „Struma“ in Batanovci, Bulgarien, allmählich zur Ruine. Neben der Standortanalyse, der Bau- und Unternehmensgeschichte und der Erhebung des aktuellen Zustands werden in dieser Diplomarbeit Maßnahmen zur Sicherung und Erhaltung durch eine Nachnutzung des Industriegebäudes in Form eines architektonischen Entwurfs erläutert. Der Standort nahe dem Bahnhof bietet sich für die Unterbringung diverser, in der Stadt derzeit fehlender Angebote an. Bereits vorhandene öffentliche Einrichtungen (Bahnhof, Bibliothek, öffentliche Plätze) sollen weiterhin genutzt, renoviert und modernisiert werden. Das Tragsystem der Fabrik besteht aus Ziegelaußenmauern und einer Holzkonstruktion mit einem Satteldach. Die Schornsteine und Nebengebäude sowie der Ringofen, die Maschinen und die hölzernen Geschoßdecken im Innenraum sind nicht mehr vorhanden – übriggeblieben ist eine rechteckige Halle, die sich über eine Fläche von rund 2.000 Quadratmetern erstreckt.Im nahezu zerstörten Westtrakt soll ein zurückhaltender, kompakter Neubau errichtet werden. Darin werden unter anderem medizinische Einrichtungen, ein Gastronomiebetrieb, ein Mehrzweckraum und Sanitäranlagen untergebracht. Im übrigen Bereich ist Platz für temporäre, reversible Stände für Veranstaltungen und Märkte. Die Außenraumgestaltung berücksichtigt neben Freiflächen und Parkmöglichkeiten auch die Erneuerung des Bahnübergangs zur barrierefreien Anbindung des südlichen Ortsteils., The approximately hundred-year-old former brick factory “Struma“ in Batanovci, Bulgaria, is gradually falling into disrepair due to the lack of use. In addition to the site analysis, the construction and company history and the survey of the current condition, this diploma thesis explains measures for the preservation, security and reuse of the industrial building in the form of an architectural design. The parcel near the train station seems suitable for the accommodation of various facilities currently missing in the city. Existing public facilities (train station, library, public squares) are to be renovated and modernized.The static system of the factory consists of brick walls and a wooden structure with a saddle roof. The chimneys, the outbuildings as well as the annular kiln, the machines and the wooden floor ceilings in the interior space no longer exist. What remains, is a rectangular hall that extends over an area of around 2000 square meters.In the almost destroyed west part, a restrained, compact new building is to be built. A medical practice, a restaurant, a multipurpose room and sanitary facilities etc. will be located there. In the rest of the area there is space for temporary, reversible stands for events and markets. In addition to recreation and parking areas, the exterior design also includes the renewal of the level crossing for a barrier-free connection to the southern district.

The main objective of this study was to select potential solid waste landfill areas suitable for Bonga Town that are environmentally sound. The key data were LANDSAT 8 and SPOT-6 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 15 and 1.5 m, respectively; a digital elevation model with a spatial resolution of 30 m; and a ground control point, which was collected through a ground point survey and a topographic map of the study area. Each parameter was subjected to a peer review according to the analytical hierarchy process. Once the weights were established, the weighted overlap analysis was determined, which combined these criteria and classified them into high, medium, less suitable and inappropriate regions of the study area. The results show that 75.65% of the study area is not suitable for the solid waste landfill, 18.86% less suitable, 5.17% moderately adequate and 0.3% very adequate. Therefore, the ability to use inaccessible geological information framework and detection innovations for mandatory discrimination evidence for a reasonably robust waste dump will minimise opportunities and natural human well-being problems.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) owns high sensitivity, excellent selectivity and strong resistance to water and air, and can be used for nondestructive detection by portable equipment without tedious sample pretreatment. These merits make SERS an attractive choice for on-site analysis. Nowadays, more and more SERS-based sensing strategies have been established to increase the sensitivity and selectivity, as well as simplify operation processes and reduce testing cost for field analysis. These lead to the rapid development in research and commercialization. However, SERS-based on-site analysis is still in the early stage and needs to be further exploited. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the related works in recent five years from the aspect of analytical work flow, which consists of three parts: target signal collection, target signal amplification and target signal readout. Then, five different application scenes of these sensing strategies including medical diagnosis, environmental protection, food safety, forensic analysis and cultural relics protection are introduced, followed by the discussion of challenges and development tendency for future works. This comprehensive review will provide the design guidelines for researchers and engineers to explore novel testing strategies on field, which may eventually promote the launch of commercial products for our daily life.