31 results on '"Sipilä, S"'
Search Results
2. Knowledge of Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines is Not Associated with Physical Function in Dutch Older Adults Attending a Healthy Ageing Public Engagement Event
- Author
-
Ramsey KA, Yeung SSY, Rojer AGM, Gensous N, Asamane EA, Aunger JA, Bondarev D, Cabbia A, Doody P, Iadarola B, Rodrigues B, Tahir MR, Kallen V, Pazienza P, Correia Santos N, Sipilä S, Thompson JL, Meskers CGM, Trappenburg MC, Whittaker AC, and Maier AB
- Subjects
health knowledge ,attitudes ,practice ,lifestyle ,physical performance ,aged ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Keenan A Ramsey,1 Suey SY Yeung,1 Anna GM Rojer,1 Noémie Gensous,2 Evans A Asamane,3 Justin Avery Aunger,3 Dmitriy Bondarev,4 Andrea Cabbia,5 Paul Doody,3 Barbara Iadarola,6,7 Belina Rodrigues,8,9 Muhammad R Tahir,10 Victor Kallen,10 Paola Pazienza,6,7 Nadine Correia Santos,8,9 Sarianna Sipilä,4 Janice L Thompson,3 Carel GM Meskers,1,11 Marijke C Trappenburg,12,13 Anna C Whittaker,15 Andrea B Maier1,14,16,17 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Behavioural and Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 2Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 3School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 4Gerontology Research Center & Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; 6Personal Genomics s.r.l., Verona, Italy; 7Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; 8Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; 9ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal; 10Department of Microbiology and System Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, the Netherlands; 11Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 12Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 13Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, the Netherlands; 14Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @Age, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; 15Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK; 16Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 17Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, SingaporeCorrespondence: Andrea B Maier, Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Behavioural and Human Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, the Netherlands, Tel +31 20 59 82000, Email a.b.maier@vu.nlPurpose: Evidence-based guidelines on nutrition and physical activity are used to increase knowledge in order to promote a healthy lifestyle. However, actual knowledge of guidelines is limited and whether it is associated with health outcomes is unclear.Participants and Methods: This inception cohort study aimed to investigate the association of knowledge of nutrition and physical activity guidelines with objective measures of physical function and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults attending a public engagement event in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Knowledge of nutrition and physical activity according to Dutch guidelines was assessed using customized questionnaires. Gait speed and handgrip strength were proxies of physical function and the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity in minutes/week. Linear regression analysis, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, was used to study the association between continuous and categorical knowledge scores with outcomes.Results: In 106 older adults (mean age=70.1 SD=6.6, years) who were highly educated, well-functioning, and generally healthy, there were distinct knowledge gaps in nutrition and physical activity which did not correlate with one another (R2=0.013, p=0.245). Knowledge of nutrition or physical activity guidelines was not associated with physical function or physical activity. However, before age-adjustment nutrition knowledge was positively associated with HGS in males (B= 0.64 (95% CI: 0.05, 1.22)) and having knowledge above the median was associated with faster gait speed in females (B=0.10 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.19)).Conclusion: Our findings may represent a ceiling effect of the impact knowledge has on physical function and activity in the this high performing and educated population and that there may be other determinants of behavior leading to health status such as attitude and perception to consider in future studies.Keywords: health knowledge, attitudes, practice, lifestyle, physical performance, aged
- Published
- 2022
3. Impact of ICRF fast-ions on core turbulence and MHD activity in ASDEX upgrade
- Author
-
Bilato, A., Angioni, C., Navarro, A. Bañón, Bobkov, V., Bosman, T., Di Siena, A., Fable, E., Fischer, R., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Görler, T., Hidalgo-Salaverri, J., Jenko, F., Jonsson, Thomas, Kazakov, Ye O., Kudlacek, O., Manyer, J., Mantsinen, M., Ochoukov, R., Poli, E., Rueda-Rueda, J., Schneider, P. A., Sipilä, S., Tierens, W., Usoltseva, M., Weiland, M., Bilato, A., Angioni, C., Navarro, A. Bañón, Bobkov, V., Bosman, T., Di Siena, A., Fable, E., Fischer, R., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Görler, T., Hidalgo-Salaverri, J., Jenko, F., Jonsson, Thomas, Kazakov, Ye O., Kudlacek, O., Manyer, J., Mantsinen, M., Ochoukov, R., Poli, E., Rueda-Rueda, J., Schneider, P. A., Sipilä, S., Tierens, W., Usoltseva, M., and Weiland, M.
- Abstract
Experiments in various tokamaks and their analysis identify the fast ions (FI) generated by NBI and/or ICRF heating as one of the main causes of the observed improvement in core confinement: fast ions can reduce core microturbulence (mainly Ion-Temperature-Gradient (ITG) driven modes) either electrostatically or electromagnetically, or they can resonate with fishbones and high-frequency Alfvén modes, which in turn contribute in stabilizing ITG. In this perspective, we discuss recent experiments done on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) where ICRF is the main actuator for FI generation for energies above 100 keV. Additionally, ICRF-FIs can substantially impact the MHD activity and its consequent effects on fast ion losses (FILs) and ion-cyclotron emission (ICE). We present dedicated AUG experiments with NBI-D further accelerated by ICRF., QC 20231207
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Analysis of high frequency Alfvén eigenmodes observed in ASDEX Upgrade plasmas in the presence of RF-accelerated NBI ions
- Author
-
Ochoukov, R., primary, Sipilä, S., additional, Bilato, R., additional, Bobkov, V., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Weiland, M., additional, Dendy, R., additional, Faugel, H., additional, Johnson, T., additional, Kappatou, A., additional, Kazakov, Y., additional, McClements, K.G., additional, Moseev, D., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Schneider, P., additional, Team, ASDEX Upgrade, additional, and MST1 Team, EUROfusion, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Enhanced performance in fusion plasmas through turbulence suppression by megaelectronvolt ions
- Author
-
Mazzi, S., Garcia, J., Zarzoso, D., Kazakov, Y., Ongena, J., Dreval, M., Nocente, M., Stancar, Z., Szepesi, G., Eriksson, J., Sahlberg, A., Benkadda, S., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sunden, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V., Banks, J., Baranov, Y., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, t., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J., Coffey, I., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R., Donne, A., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinie, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fülop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Gafezka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Görler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Hoelzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horacek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., lmrie, D., lmrísek, M., lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Jenaro Rodriguez, J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Y., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpeläinen, J., Kim, C., Kim, H., Kim, S., King, D., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiezek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Laszyriska, E., Lawson, K., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, S., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, C., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P., Lopez, J., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, P., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P., McClements, K., McClenaghan, J., McCullen, P., McDonald, D., McGuckin, D., McHugh, D., Mclntyre, G., McKean, R., McKehon, J., McMillan, B., McNamee, L., McShee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C., Meghani, K., Meigs, A., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, P., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N'Konga, B., Na, Y., Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O'Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H., Olney, R., O'Mullane, M., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sa, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Plassche, K., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F., Pompilian, O., Popovichev, S., Poradzinski, M., Porfiri, M., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Refy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipilä, S., Sips, A., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H., Strikwerda, S., Ström, P., Stuart, C., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H., Susts, T., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Tabia, B., Tadic, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Vega, J., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondracek, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory for Plasma Physics (LPP), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (Ukraine), V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (KhNU), Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant agreement No 633053., Mazzi, S, Garcia, J, Zarzoso, D, Kazakov, Y, Ongena, J, Dreval, M, Nocente, M, Stancar, Z, Szepesi, G, Eriksson, J, Sahlberg, A, Benkadda, S, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Andersson Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Ben Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Bozicevic Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Ciupinski, L, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Crialesi Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horacek, J, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Imrie, D, Imrisek, M, Ingleby, J, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Isernia, N, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, Jablonski, S, Jachmich, S, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jarleblad, H, Jaulmes, F, Rodriguez, J, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Jones, C, Jones, G, Jones, L, Jones, N, Jones, T, Joyce, A, Juarez, R, Juvonen, M, Kalnina, P, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Kelly, R, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kennedy, D, Kent, J, Khan, K, Kiefer, C, Kilpelainen, J, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, S, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Kneale, G, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knights, R, Knipe, S, Knolker, M, Knott, S, Kocan, M, Kochl, F, Kodeli, I, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Kos, B, Kos, D, Koslowski, H, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Koziol, K, Krasilnikov, V, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krishnan, N, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kumpulainen, H, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurotaki, H, Kwak, S, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lagzdina, E, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, B, Lane, C, Lascas Neto, E, Laszynska, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Learoyd, G, Lee, C, Lee, S, Leerink, S, Leeson, T, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Leon Gutierrez, E, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lewis, J, Leysen, W, Li, L, Li, Y, Likonen, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litherland-Smith, E, Liu, F, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lopez, J, Lorenzini, R, Loreti, S, Losada, U, Loschiavo, V, Loughlin, M, Louka, Z, Lovell, J, Lowe, T, Lowry, C, Lubbad, S, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Luna, C, de la Luna, E, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Lyons, B, Lyssoivan, A, Machielsen, M, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magness, M, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Mariani, A, Mariano, G, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsden, S, Marsh, J, Marshall, R, Martellucci, L, Martin, A, Martone, R, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Masuzaki, S, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcguckin, D, Mchugh, D, Mcintyre, G, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcmillan, B, Mcnamee, L, Mcshee, A, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meekes, C, Meghani, K, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merriman, S, Mertens, P, Messiaen, A, Michling, R, Middleton, P, Middleton-Gear, D, Mietelski, J, Milanesio, D, Milani, E, Militello, F, Militello Asp, A, Milnes, J, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Minghao, C, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Miyamoto, M, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moody, T, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Morales, R, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Morgan, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Morrison, K, Moser, L, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Mundy, T, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muthusonai, N, N'Konga, B, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naden, M, Naish, J, Naish, R, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelskiy, I, Nestoras, I, Neu, R, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, A, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, C, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunn, E, Nystrom, H, Oberparleiter, M, Obryk, B, O'Callaghan, J, Odupitan, T, Oliver, H, Olney, R, O'Mullane, M, Organ, E, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Otsuka, T, Owen, A, Oya, Y, Oyaizu, M, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Packer, L, Paige, S, Pajuste, E, Palade, D, Pamela, S, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papp, G, Papp, P, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Parra Diaz, F, Parsloe, A, Parsons, M, Parsons, N, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, C, Peacock, A, Pearce, M, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Pereira, T, Cippo, E, Pereslavtsev, P, von Thun, C, Pericoli, V, Perry, D, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petrella, N, Peyman, M, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, de Sa, W, dos Reis, A, Piron, C, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, van de Plassche, K, Platt, N, Plyusnin, V, Podesta, M, Pokol, G, Poli, F, Pompilian, O, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, M, Porkolab, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Poulipoulis, G, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, C, Price, D, Price, M, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Provatas, G, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putignano, O, Putterich, T, Quercia, A, Rachlew, E, Radulescu, G, Radulovic, V, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Ralph, G, Ramogida, G, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rebai, M, Refy, D, Reichle, R, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reynolds, S, Richiusa, M, Richyal, S, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez Ramos, M, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rossi, R, Rowe, S, Rowlands, D, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruiz, J, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Safi, E, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Sanders, I, Sandiford, D, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sarkimaki, K, Sarwar, R, Sarychev, I, Sauter, O, Sauwan, P, Scapin, N, Schluck, F, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schworer, D, Scott, G, Scott, M, Scraggs, D, Scully, S, Segato, M, Seo, J, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Sheikh, U, Shepherd, A, Shigin, P, Shinohara, K, Shiraiwa, S, Shiraki, D, Short, M, Sias, G, Silburn, S, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silva, J, Silvagni, D, Simfukwe, D, Simpson, J, Sinclair, D, Sipila, S, Sips, A, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skinner, N, Slater, J, Smith, N, Smith, P, Snell, J, Snoep, G, Snoj, L, Snyder, P, Soare, S, Solano, E, Solokha, V, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Soni, K, Sorokovoy, E, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Spong, D, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Srinivasan, C, Stables, G, Staebler, G, Stamatelatos, I, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stead, M, Stefanikova, E, Stephen, A, Stephens, J, Stevenson, P, Stojanov, M, Strand, P, Strauss, H, Strikwerda, S, Strom, P, Stuart, C, Studholme, W, Subramani, M, Suchkov, E, Sumida, S, Sun, H, Susts, T, Svensson, J, Svoboda, J, Sweeney, R, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Tabia, B, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tallargio, A, Tamain, P, Tan, H, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Taylor, D, Teimane, A, Telesca, G, Teplukhina, A, Terentyev, D, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Terranova, N, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thoren, E, Thorman, A, Tierens, W, Tinguely, R, Tipton, A, Todd, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Tookey, A, Torikai, Y, von Toussaint, U, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Turner, I, Turner, M, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyrrell, S, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Udintsev, V, Urbanczyk, G, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Valisa, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Vallhagen, O, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasilopoulou, T, Vayakis, G, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, G, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Vila, R, Villari, R, Villone, F, Vincenzi, P, Viola, B, Virtanen, A, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, G, Vlad, M, Vondracek, P, de Vries, P, Wakeling, B, Walkden, N, Walker, M, Walker, R, Walsh, M, Wang, E, Wang, N, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Weckmann, A, Wedderburn Maxwell, H, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, Wendler, N, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, A, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wilkinson, J, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, I, Wilson, J, Wilson, T, Wischmeier, M, Wise, P, Withenshaw, G, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wojcik-Gargula, A, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, C, Woodley, R, Woods, B, Wright, J, Xu, T, Yadikin, D, Yajima, M, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, Y, Yanling, W, Yanovskiy, V, Young, I, Young, R, Zabolockis, R, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zarins, A, Zastrow, K, Zayachuk, Y, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zlobinski, M, Zocco, A, Zohar, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zotta, V, Zoulias, I, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Mazzi, S., Garcia, J., Zarzoso, D., Kazakov, Y. O., Ongena, J., Dreval, M., Nocente, M., Stancar, Z., Szepesi, G., Eriksson, J., Sahlberg, A., Benkadda, S., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Andersson Sunden, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bilkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, L., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Molin, A. D., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donne, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Dormido-Canto, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinic, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fulop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Holzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horacek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Imrie, D., Imrisek, M., Ingleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Bjork, K., Isernia, N., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jarleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Rodriguez, J. J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Kiefer, C., Kilpelainen, J., Kim, C., Kim, H. -T., Kim, S. H., King, D. B., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A. B., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Laszynska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, S. E., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, C., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lopez, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Luna, C., de la Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Maenpaa, R., Maggi, C. F., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, P., Marceca, G., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martin, A. J., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccullen, P., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcguckin, D., Mchugh, D., Mcintyre, G., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcmillan, B., Mcnamee, L., Mcshee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C. J., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, P., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R. B., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K. -M., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N'Konga, B., Na, Y. -S., Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. -M., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O'Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H. J. C., Olney, R., O'Mullane, M., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S. J. P., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V. V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. P., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Cippo, E. P., Pereslavtsev, P., von Thun, C. P., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., de Sa, W. P., dos Reis, A. P., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., van de Plassche, K. L., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Popovichev, S., Poradzinski, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Refy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M. L., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C. M., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz, J. R., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strikwerda, S., Strom, P., Stuart, C. I., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H. J., Susts, T. E., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Tabia, B., Tadic, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., von Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Vega, J., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Rinati, G. V., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Viola, B., Virtanen, A. J., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondracek, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N. R., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J. C., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R. J., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. -D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V. K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Applied Physics and Science Education, Kazakov, Yo, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, Aalto University, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and Aalto-yliopisto
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Settore FIS/01 ,Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari ,General Physics and Astronomy ,simulation ,magnetically confined plasma ,nuclear fusion ,tokamaks ,turbulence suppression ,Plasma ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,confinement ,transport ,Alpha particles ,Fusion reactors ,Turbulence ,physics - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Funding Information: We thank M. Baruzzo and F. Nave for the preparation and execution of JET experiments discussed in this paper; E. de la Luna for support in detailing the experimental diagnostics of JET; A. Ho for assistance in processing the experimental data; T. Görler for providing essential advice to ensure the correct numerical setup for the GENE modelling reported in this paper; Y. Camenen, X. Garbet and A. Bierwage for fruitful discussions about the gyrokinetic analyses; G. Giruzzi for valuable suggestions on the article strategy. The simulations were performed on the IRENE Joliot-Curie HPC system, in the framework of the PRACE projects IONFAST and AFIETC, led by J. Garcia, and on the CINECA Marconi HPC within the project GENE4EP, led by D. Zarzoso. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions express herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Part of the work by Ye. O. Kazakov and J.Ongena was also carried out in the framework of projects done for the ITER Scientist Fellow Network (ISFN). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Alpha particles with energies on the order of megaelectronvolts will be the main source of plasma heating in future magnetic confinement fusion reactors. Instead of heating fuel ions, most of the energy of alpha particles is transferred to electrons in the plasma. Furthermore, alpha particles can also excite Alfvénic instabilities, which were previously considered to be detrimental to the performance of the fusion device. Here we report improved thermal ion confinement in the presence of megaelectronvolts ions and strong fast ion-driven Alfvénic instabilities in recent experiments on the Joint European Torus. Detailed transport analysis of these experiments reveals turbulence suppression through a complex multi-scale mechanism that generates large-scale zonal flows. This holds promise for more economical operation of fusion reactors with dominant alpha particle heating and ultimately cheaper fusion electricity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation
- Author
-
EUROFUSION, Mailloux, J., Ahlgren, T., Ali, M., Banks, J., Chang, C. S., Collins, S., Davies, S., Drews, P., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Flanagan, J., Gao, Y., Harrison, J. R., Hu, Z., Jones, C., Juvonen, M., Karhunen, J., Khan, K., Kirjasuo, A., Klas, M., Kumpulainen, H., Lahtinen, A., Lee, S. E., Leppänen, J., Li, L., Li, Y., Liu, F., López, J. M., Mariani, A., Marin, M., Mayer, M., Morris, J., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nyström, H., O'Callaghan, J., Patel, A., Price, D., Riva, M., Robinson, S., Rossi, R., Safi, E., Salmi, A., Shiraiwa, S., Silva, J., Sipilä, S. K., Sirén, P., Soni, K., Sun, H. J., Svensson, J., Tan, H., Taylor, D., Thomas, J., Virtanen, A. J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Department of Physics, Materials Physics, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), and Faculty of Science
- Subjects
tritium operations ,D-T preparation ,overview ,nuclear technology ,isotope ,JET with ITER-like wall ,114 Physical sciences ,plasma facing components (PFC) - Abstract
Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Crown copyright. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. The JET 2019-2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019-2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (α) physics in the coming D-T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D-T benefited from the highest D-D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER.
- Published
- 2022
7. Disruption prediction with artificial intelligence techniques in tokamak plasmas
- Author
-
Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Rattá, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson Sundén, E., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Yu. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, É., Ben Yaala, M., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bílková, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Božičević Mihalić, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, T., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Crialesi Esposito, M., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombé, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donné, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, Ph., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodié, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinié, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fülop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gál, K., Galassi, D., Gafézka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., García-Muñoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Holzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horá:ek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., Lmrie, D., Lmrísek, M., Lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Insulander Björk, K., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., Lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Järleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Jenaro Rodriguez, J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Yu, Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y. E. O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpeläinen, J., Kim, C., Hyun-Tae, Kim, Kim, S. H., King, D. B., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiézek, I., Kukushkin, A. B., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Lane, C., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyríska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Chanyoung, Lee, Lee, S. E., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Leon Gutierrez, E., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., López, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., de la Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Mäenpää, R., Maggi, C. F., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovič, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martin, A. J., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M-L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccullen, P., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcguckin, D., Mchugh, D., Mclntyre, G., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcmillan, B., Mcnamee, L., Mcshee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C. J., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Militello Asp, A., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R. B., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K-M., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N’Konga, B., Yong-Su, Na, Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O’Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H. J. C., Olney, R., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S. J. P., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V. V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Perelli Cippo, E., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sá, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., van de Plassche, K. L., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Popovichev, S., Poradziński, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Pütterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Réfy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M. L., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C. M., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez Ramos, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Jaemin, Seo, Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipilä, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strikwerda, S., Ström, P., Stuart, C. I., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H. J., Susts, T. E., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Tabia, B., Tadić, T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., von Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Vallhagen, O., Valovič, M., Van Eester, D., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A. J., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondráček, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N. R., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Wedderburn Maxwell, H., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J. C., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R. J., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K. -D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V. K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann &, Zychor, I., Vega, J, Murari, A, Dormido-Canto, S, Ratta, Ga, Gelfusa, M, Chiariello, A, JET Contributors, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Culham Science Centre, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Uppsala University, European Commission, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Universidade Lisboa, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Milan - Bicocca, University of Helsinki, General Atomics, ITER, University of Toyama, CEA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical University of Madrid, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Royal Military Academy, Seoul National University, Chalmers University of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas, Vega, J., Murari, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Ratta, G. A., Gelfusa, M., Mailloux, J., Abid, N., Abraham, K., Abreu, P., Adabonyan, O., Adrich, P., Afanasev, V., Afzal, M., Ahlgren, T., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Akhtar, M., Albanese, R., Alderson-Martin, M., Alegre, D., Aleiferis, S., Aleksa, A., Alekseev, A. G., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Algualcil, J., Ali, M., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. A., Andrew, P., Angelini, B. M., Angioni, C., Antoniou, I., Appel, L. C., Appelbee, C., Aria, S., Ariola, M., Artaserse, G., Arter, W., Artigues, V., Asakura, N., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Astrain, M., Asztalos, O., Auld, D., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Aymerich, E., Baciero, A., Bairaktaris, F., Balbin, J., Balbinot, L., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, C., Balshaw, N., Bandaru, V. K., Banks, J., Baranov, Y. F., Barcellona, C., Barnard, A., Barnard, M., Barnsley, R., Barth, A., Baruzzo, M., Barwell, S., Bassan, M., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baumane, L., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Beaumont, P. S., Beckett, D., Begolli, A., Beidler, M., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Belli, E., Belli, F., Belonohy, E., Yaala, M. B., Benayas, J., Bentley, J., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Betar, H., Beurskens, M., Bickerton, S., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Bierwage, A., Biewer, T., Bilato, R., Bilkova, P., Birkenmeier, G., Bishop, H., Bizarro, J. P. S., Blackburn, J., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bohm, P., Bohm, T., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonfiglio, D., Bonnin, X., Bonofiglo, P., Boocock, S., Booth, A., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Boulbe, C., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Boyd, K., Bozicevic Mihalic, I., Bradnam, S. C., Braic, V., Brandt, L., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Brix, M., Bromley, K., Brown, B., Brunetti, D., Buckingham, R., Buckley, M., Budny, R., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Burgess, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butcher, D., de la Cal, E., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Calado, R., Camenen, Y., Canal, G., Cannas, B., Cappelli, M., Carcangiu, S., Card, P., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carnevale, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, I. S., Carvalho, P., Casiraghi, I., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catalan, J. P., Catarino, N., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Challis, C. D., Chamberlain, B., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, B., Chernyshova, M., Chiariello, A., Chmielewski, P., Chomiczewska, A., Chone, L., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Ciupinski, T., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I. H., Colangeli, A., Colas, L., Collins, C., Collins, J., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, B., Conway, N. J., Coombs, D., Cooper, P., Cooper, S., Corradino, C., Corrigan, G., Coster, D., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crapper, C., Craven, D., Craven, R., Esposito, M. C., Croci, G., Croft, D., Croitoru, A., Crombe, K., Cronin, T., Cruz, N., Crystal, C., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarski, T., Dabirikhah, H., Dal Molin, A., Dale, E., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., David, P., Davies, A., Davies, S., Davis, G., Dawson, K., Dawson, S., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Dejarnac, R., Del Sarto, D., Delabie, E., Del-Castillo-Negrete, D., Dempsey, A., Dendy, R. O., Devynck, P., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dickson, T., Dinca, P., Dittmar, T., Dobrashian, J., Doerner, R. P., Donne, A. J. H., Dorling, S., Douai, D., Dowson, S., Doyle, R., Dreval, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Drummond, G., Duckworth, P., Dudding, H., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunatov, T., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dux, R., Dvornova, A., Eastham, R., Edwards, J., Eich, T., Eichorn, A., Eidietis, N., Eksaeva, A., El Haroun, H., Ellwood, G., Elsmore, C., Embreus, O., Emery, S., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, B., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Ertmer, S., Esquembri, S., Esquisabel, A. L., Estrada, T., Evans, G., Evans, S., Fable, E., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falessi, M., Fanni, A., Farahani, A., Farquhar, I., Fasoli, A., Faugeras, B., Fazinie, S., Felici, F., Felton, R., Fernandes, A., Fernandes, H., Ferrand, J., Ferreira, D. R., Ferreira, J., Ferro, G., Fessey, J., Ficker, O., Field, A. R., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Fil, N., Finburg, P., Fiorucci, D., Fischer, U., Fishpool, G., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Flinders, K., Foley, S., Fonnesu, N., Fontana, M., Fontdecaba, J. M., Forbes, S., Formisano, A., Fornal, T., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Fowler, C., Fransson, E., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Fridstrom, R., Frigione, D., Fulop, T., Furseman, M., Fusco, V., Futatani, S., Gadariya, D., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Gafezka, K., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gatto, R., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., George, R., Gerasimov, S. N., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, C., Gibson, K. J., Gil, L., Gillgren, A., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glen, R., Gloggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gore, S., Gorini, G., Gorler, T., Gotts, N., Goulding, R., Gow, E., Graham, B., Graves, J. P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Gromelski, W., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Gupta, N., Gurl, C., Gusarov, A., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hagg, L., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hall, S. A., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C. J., Hamaguchi, D., Hamed, M., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harford, E., Harrison, J. R., Harting, D., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hayashi, T., Hazael, S., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heidbrink, B., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R. B., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hill, J., Hillesheim, J. C., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hoenen, O., Hogben, C., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hollmann, E., Holzl, M., Homan, B., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Hora:ek, J., Horsley, D., Horsten, N., Horton, A., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S., Howell, R., Hu, Z., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Iliasova, M., Lmrie, D., Lmrisek, M., Lngleby, J., Innocente, P., Bjork, K. I., Isernia, N., lvanova-Stanik, I., Lvings, E., Jablonski, S., Jachmich, S., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jarleblad, H., Jaulmes, F., Rodriguez, J. J., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, J., Jones, C., Jones, G., Jones, L., Jones, N., Jones, T., Joyce, A., Juarez, R., Juvonen, M., Kalnina, P., Kaltiaisenaho, T., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Kashchuk, Y., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y. E. O., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kelly, R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kennedy, D., Kent, J., Khan, K., Khilkevich, E., Kiefer, C., Kilpelainen, J., Kim, C., Kim, H. -T., Kim, S. H., King, D. B., King, R., Kinna, D., Kiptily, V. G., Kirjasuo, A., Kirov, K. K., Kirschner, A., Kiviniemi, T., Kizane, G., Klas, M., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Kneale, G., Knight, M., Knight, P., Knights, R., Knipe, S., Knolker, M., Knott, S., Kocan, M., Kochl, F., Kodeli, I., Kolesnichenko, Y., Kominis, Y., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Kos, B., Kos, D., Koslowski, H. R., Kotschenreuther, M., Koubiti, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Koziol, K., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krishnan, N., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiezek, I., Kukushkin, A. B., Kumpulainen, H., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurotaki, H., Kwak, S., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lagzdina, E., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, B., Lane, C., Neto, E. L., Laszyriska, E., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Learoyd, G., Lee, C., Lee, S. E., Leerink, S., Leeson, T., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Gutierrez, E. L., Lepiavko, B., Leppanen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lewis, J., Leysen, W., Li, L., Li, Y., Likonen, J., Linsmeier, C., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Litherland-Smith, E., Liu, F., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lopez, J. M., Lorenzini, R., Loreti, S., Losada, U., Loschiavo, V. P., Loughlin, M., Louka, Z., Lovell, J., Lowe, T., Lowry, C., Lubbad, S., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., de la Luna, E., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lunt, T., Lutsenko, V., Lyons, B., Lyssoivan, A., Machielsen, M., Macusova, E., Maenpaa, R., Maggi, C. F., Maggiora, R., Magness, M., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Maingi, R., Malinowski, K., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manyer, J., Manzanares, A., Maquet, P., Marceca, G., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Mariani, A., Mariano, G., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsden, S., Marsh, J., Marshall, R., Martellucci, L., Martin, A., Martin, A. J., Martone, R., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Masuzaki, S., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazzi, S., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccullen, P., Mcdonald, D. C., Mcguckin, D., Mchugh, D., Mclntyre, G., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mcmillan, B., Mcnamee, L., Mcshee, A., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meekes, C. J., Meghani, K., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merriman, S., Mertens, P., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Michling, R., Middleton, P., Middleton-Gear, D., Mietelski, J., Milanesio, D., Milani, E., Militello, F., Asp, A. M., Milnes, J., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Minghao, C., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Miyamoto, M., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moody, T., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Morales, R. B., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Morgan, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Morrison, K. -M., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Mundy, T., Muraglia, M., Muraro, A., Muthusonai, N., N'Konga, B., Na, Y. -S., Nabais, F., Naden, M., Naish, J., Naish, R., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nestoras, I., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A. H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C. R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J. M., Nowak, S., Nunn, E., Nystrom, H., Oberparleiter, M., Obryk, B., O'Callaghan, J., Odupitan, T., Oliver, H. J. C., Olney, R., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Organ, E., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Otsuka, T., Owen, A., Oya, Y., Oyaizu, M., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Packer, L. W., Paige, S., Pajuste, E., Palade, D., Pamela, S. J. P., Panadero, N., Panontin, E., Papadopoulos, A., Papp, G., Papp, P., Parail, V. V., Pardanaud, C., Parisi, J., Diaz, F. P., Parsloe, A., Parsons, M., Parsons, N., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. P., Peacock, A., Pearce, M., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Pereira, T., Cippo, E. P., Pereslavtsev, P., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Perry, D., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrella, N., Peyman, M., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Pires de Sa, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, C., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., van de Plassche, K. L., Platt, N., Plyusnin, V., Podesta, M., Pokol, G., Poli, F. M., Pompilian, O. G., Popovichev, S., Poradzinski, M., Porfiri, M. T., Porkolab, M., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Poulipoulis, G., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, C., Price, D., Price, M., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Provatas, G., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Putignano, O., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Radulescu, G., Radulovic, V., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Ralph, G., Ramogida, G., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J. J., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Rebai, M., Refy, D., Reichle, R., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reynolds, S., Richiusa, M. L., Richyal, S., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C. M., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Ramos, M. R., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rossi, R., Rowe, S., Rowlands, D., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruiz, J. R., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Sanders, I., Sandiford, D., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sarkimaki, K., Sarwar, R., Sarychev, I., Sauter, O., Sauwan, P., Scapin, N., Schluck, F., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schneider, P. A., Schworer, D., Scott, G., Scott, M., Scraggs, D., Scully, S., Segato, M., Seo, J., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Sheikh, U., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shigin, P., Shinohara, K., Shiraiwa, S., Shiraki, D., Short, M., Sias, G., Silburn, S. A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silva, J., Silvagni, D., Simfukwe, D., Simpson, J., Sinclair, D., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skinner, N., Slater, J., Smith, N., Smith, P., Snell, J., Snoep, G., Snoj, L., Snyder, P., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Solokha, V., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Soni, K., Sorokovoy, E., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Spong, D., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Srinivasan, C., Stables, G., Staebler, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stead, M., Stefanikova, E., Stephen, A., Stephens, J., Stevenson, P., Stojanov, M., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strikwerda, S., Strom, P., Stuart, C. I., Studholme, W., Subramani, M., Suchkov, E., Sumida, S., Sun, H. J., Susts, T. E., Svensson, J., Svoboda, J., Sweeney, R., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Tabia, B., Tadic, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tallargio, A., Tamain, P., Tan, H., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taylor, D., Teimane, A. S., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terentyev, D., Terra, A., Terranova, D., Terranova, N., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thoren, E., Thorman, A., Tierens, W., Tinguely, R. A., Tipton, A., Todd, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tookey, A., Torikai, Y., von Toussaint, U., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Turner, I., Turner, M., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Udintsev, V., Urbanczyk, G., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. V., Vallhagen, O., Valovic, M., Eester, D. V., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasilopoulou, T., Vayakis, G., Vecsei, M., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Rinati, G. V., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vignitchouk, L., Vila, R., Villari, R., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Virtanen, A. J., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, G., Vlad, M., Vondracek, P., de Vries, P., Wakeling, B., Walkden, N. R., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Maxwell, H. W., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., Wendler, N., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J. C., Willoughby, D., Wilson, I., Wilson, J., Wilson, T., Wischmeier, M., Wise, P., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wojcik-Gargula, A., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Woodley, R., Woods, B., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yajima, M., Yakovenko, Y., Yang, Y., Yanling, W., Yanovskiy, V., Young, I., Young, R., Zabolockis, R. J., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zakharov, L., Zarins, A., Fernandez, D. Z., Zastrow, K. -D., Zayachuk, Y., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zlobinski, M., Zocco, A., Zohar, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zotta, V. K., Zoulias, I., Zwingmann, W., and Zychor, I.
- Subjects
JET ,Settore ING-IND/18 - Fisica dei Reattori Nucleari ,General Physics and Astronomy ,artificial intellingence ,tokamaks ,magnetically confined plasma ,disruption predictions ,tokamak plasmas ,nuclear fusion - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/633053/EU//EUROfusion Funding Information: This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under projects nos. PID2019-108377RB-C31 and PID2019-108377RB-C32. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (grant agreement no. 101052200 — EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Springer Nature Limited. In nuclear fusion reactors, plasmas are heated to very high temperatures of more than 100 million kelvin and, in so-called tokamaks, they are confined by magnetic fields in the shape of a torus. Light nuclei, such as deuterium and tritium, undergo a fusion reaction that releases energy, making fusion a promising option for a sustainable and clean energy source. Tokamak plasmas, however, are prone to disruptions as a result of a sudden collapse of the system terminating the fusion reactions. As disruptions lead to an abrupt loss of confinement, they can cause irreversible damage to present-day fusion devices and are expected to have a more devastating effect in future devices. Disruptions expected in the next-generation tokamak, ITER, for example, could cause electromagnetic forces larger than the weight of an Airbus A380. Furthermore, the thermal loads in such an event could exceed the melting threshold of the most resistant state-of-the-art materials by more than an order of magnitude. To prevent disruptionsor at least mitigate their detrimental effects, empirical models obtained with artificial intelligence methods, of which an overview is given here, are commonly employed to predict their occurrence—and ideally give enough time to introduce counteracting measures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development
- Author
-
Stroth, U., primary, Aguiam, D., additional, Alessi, E., additional, Angioni, C., additional, Arden, N., additional, Parra, R. Arredondo, additional, Artigues, V., additional, Asunta, O., additional, Balden, M., additional, Bandaru, V., additional, Banon-Navarro, A., additional, Behler, K., additional, Bergmann, A., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Bernardo, J., additional, Bernert, M., additional, Biancalani, A., additional, Bielajew, R., additional, Bilato, R., additional, Birkenmeier, G., additional, Blanken, T., additional, Bobkov, V., additional, Bock, A., additional, Body, T., additional, Bolzonella, T., additional, Bonanomi, N., additional, Bortolon, A., additional, Böswirth, B., additional, Bottereau, C., additional, Bottino, A., additional, van den Brand, H., additional, Brenzke, M., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brida, D., additional, Brochard, F., additional, Bruhn, C., additional, Buchanan, J., additional, Buhler, A., additional, Burckhart, A., additional, Camenen, Y., additional, Cannas, B., additional, Megias, P. Cano, additional, Carlton, D., additional, Carr, M., additional, Carvalho, P., additional, Castaldo, C., additional, Cavedon, M., additional, Cazzaniga, C., additional, Challis, C., additional, Chankin, A., additional, Cianfarani, C., additional, Clairet, F., additional, Coda, S., additional, Coelho, R., additional, Coenen, J.W., additional, Colas, L., additional, Conway, G., additional, Costea, S., additional, Coster, D., additional, Cote, T., additional, Creely, A.J., additional, Croci, G., additional, Zabala, D.J. Cruz, additional, Cseh, G., additional, Czarnecka, A., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, D’Arcangelo, O., additional, Molin, A. Dal, additional, David, P., additional, Day, C., additional, de Baar, M., additional, de Marné, P., additional, Delogu, R., additional, Denk, S., additional, Denner, P., additional, Di Siena, A., additional, Palacios Durán, J.J. Dominguez, additional, Dunai, D., additional, Drenik, A., additional, Dreval, M., additional, Drube, R., additional, Dunne, M., additional, Duval, B.P., additional, Dux, R., additional, Eich, T., additional, Elgeti, S., additional, Encheva, A., additional, Engelhardt, K., additional, Erdös, B., additional, Erofeev, I., additional, Esposito, B., additional, Fable, E., additional, Faitsch, M., additional, Fantz, U., additional, Farnik, M., additional, Faugel, H., additional, Felici, F., additional, Ficker, O., additional, Fietz, S., additional, Figueredo, A., additional, Fischer, R., additional, Ford, O., additional, Frassinetti, L., additional, Fröschle, M., additional, Fuchert, G., additional, Fuchs, J.C., additional, Fünfgelder, H., additional, Futatani, S., additional, Galazka, K., additional, Galdon-Quiroga, J., additional, Escolà, D. Gallart, additional, Gallo, A., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Garavaglia, S., additional, Muñoz, M. Garcia, additional, Geiger, B., additional, Giannone, L., additional, Gibson, S., additional, Gil, L., additional, Giovannozzi, E., additional, Glöggler, S., additional, Gobbin, M., additional, Martin, J. Gonzalez, additional, Goodman, T., additional, Gorini, G., additional, Görler, T., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Granucci, G., additional, Gräter, A., additional, Greuner, H., additional, Griener, M., additional, Groth, M., additional, Gude, A., additional, Guimarais, L., additional, Günter, S., additional, Haas, G., additional, Hakola, A.H., additional, Ham, C., additional, Happel, T., additional, den Harder, N., additional, Harrer, G., additional, Harrison, J., additional, Hauer, V., additional, Hayward-Schneider, T., additional, Heinemann, B., additional, Hellsten, T., additional, Henderson, S., additional, Hennequin, P., additional, Herrmann, A., additional, Heyn, E., additional, Hitzler, F., additional, Hobirk, J., additional, Höfler, K., additional, Holm, J.H., additional, Hölzl, M., additional, Hopf, C., additional, Horvath, L., additional, Höschen, T., additional, Houben, A., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Huber, A., additional, Hunger, K., additional, Igochine, V., additional, Iliasova, M., additional, Ilkei, T., additional, Björk, K. Insulander, additional, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., additional, Ivanova-Stanik, I., additional, Jacob, W., additional, Jaksic, N., additional, Janky, F., additional, Jansen van Vuuren, A., additional, Jardin, A., additional, Jaulmes, F., additional, Jenko, F., additional, Jensen, T., additional, Joffrin, E., additional, Kallenbach, A., additional, Kálvin, S., additional, Kantor, M., additional, Kappatou, A., additional, Kardaun, O., additional, Karhunen, J., additional, Käsemann, C.-P., additional, Kasilov, S., additional, Kendl, A., additional, Kernbichler, W., additional, Khilkevitch, E., additional, Kirk, A., additional, Hansen, S. Kjer, additional, Klevarova, V., additional, Kocsis, G., additional, Koleva, M., additional, Komm, M., additional, Kong, M., additional, Krämer-Flecken, A., additional, Krieger, K., additional, Krivska, A., additional, Kudlacek, O., additional, Kurki-Suonio, T., additional, Kurzan, B., additional, Labit, B., additional, Lackner, K., additional, Laggner, F., additional, Lahtinen, A., additional, Lang, P.T., additional, Lauber, P., additional, Leuthold, N., additional, Li, L., additional, Likonen, J., additional, Linder, O., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Lohs, A., additional, Lu, Z., additional, Luda di Cortemiglia, T., additional, Luhmann, N.C., additional, Lunt, T., additional, Lyssoivan, A., additional, Maceina, T., additional, Madsen, J., additional, Magnanimo, A., additional, Maier, H., additional, Mailloux, J., additional, Maingi, R., additional, Maj, O., additional, Maljaars, E., additional, Manas, P., additional, Mancini, A., additional, Manhard, A., additional, Mantica, P., additional, Mantsinen, M., additional, Manz, P., additional, Maraschek, M., additional, Marchetto, C., additional, Marrelli, L., additional, Martin, P., additional, Martitsch, A., additional, Matos, F., additional, Mayer, M., additional, Mayoral, M.-L., additional, Mazon, D., additional, McCarthy, P.J., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Merkel, R., additional, Merle, A., additional, Meshcheriakov, D., additional, Meyer, H., additional, Milanesio, D., additional, Cabrera, P. Molina, additional, Monaco, F., additional, Muraca, M., additional, Nabais, F., additional, Naulin, V., additional, Nazikian, R., additional, Nem, R.D., additional, Nemes-Czopf, A., additional, Neu, G., additional, Neu, R., additional, Nielsen, A.H., additional, Nielsen, S.K., additional, Nishizawa, T., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Noterdaeme, J.-M., additional, Novikau, I., additional, Nowak, S., additional, Oberkofler, M., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olsen, J., additional, Orain, F., additional, Palermo, F., additional, Pan, O., additional, Papp, G., additional, Perez, I. Paradela, additional, Pau, A., additional, Pautasso, G., additional, Paz-Soldan, C., additional, Petersson, P., additional, Piovesan, P., additional, Piron, C., additional, Plank, U., additional, Plaum, B., additional, Plöck, B., additional, Plyusnin, V., additional, Pokol, G., additional, Poli, E., additional, Porte, L., additional, Pütterich, T., additional, Ramisch, M., additional, Rasmussen, J., additional, Ratta, G., additional, Ratynskaia, S., additional, Raupp, G., additional, Réfy, D., additional, Reich, M., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Reiser, D., additional, Reisner, M., additional, Reiter, D., additional, Ribeiro, T., additional, Riedl, R., additional, Riesch, J., additional, Rittich, D., additional, Rodriguez, J.F. Rivero, additional, Rocchi, G., additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., additional, Rodriguez-Ramos, M., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Ronchi, G., additional, Ross, A., additional, Rott, M., additional, Rubel, M., additional, Ryan, D.A., additional, Ryter, F., additional, Saarelma, S., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Salmi, A., additional, Samoylov, O., additional, Sanchez, L. Sanchis, additional, Santos, J., additional, Sauter, O., additional, Schall, G., additional, Schlüter, K., additional, Schmid, K., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, P.A., additional, Schrittwieser, R., additional, Schubert, M., additional, Schuster, C., additional, Schwarz-Selinger, T., additional, Schweinzer, J., additional, Seliunin, E., additional, Shabbir, A., additional, Shalpegin, A., additional, Sharapov, S., additional, Sheikh, U., additional, Shevelev, A., additional, Sias, G., additional, Siccinio, M., additional, Sieglin, B., additional, Sigalov, A., additional, Silva, A., additional, Silva, C., additional, Silvagni, D., additional, Simpson, J., additional, Sipilä, S., additional, Smigelskis, E., additional, Snicker, A., additional, Solano, E., additional, Sommariva, C., additional, Sozzi, C., additional, Spizzo, G., additional, Spolaore, M., additional, Stegmeir, A., additional, Stejner, M., additional, Stober, J., additional, Strumberge, E., additional, Lopez, G. Suarez, additional, Sun, H.-J., additional, Suttrop, W., additional, Sytova, E., additional, Szepesi, T., additional, Tál, B., additional, Tala, T., additional, Tardini, G., additional, Tardocchi, M., additional, Terranova, D., additional, Teschke, M., additional, Thorén, E., additional, Tierens, W., additional, Told, D., additional, Treutterer, W., additional, Trevisan, G., additional, Trier, E., additional, Tripský, M., additional, Usoltceva, M., additional, Valisa, M., additional, Valovic, M., additional, van Zeeland, M., additional, Vannini, F., additional, Vanovac, B., additional, Varela, P., additional, Varoutis, S., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Vicente, J., additional, Verdoolaege, G., additional, Vierle, T., additional, Viezzer, E., additional, Voitsekhovitch, I., additional, von Toussaint, U., additional, Wagner, D., additional, Wang, X., additional, Weiland, M., additional, White, A.E., additional, Willensdorfer, M., additional, Wiringer, B., additional, Wischmeier, M., additional, Wolf, R., additional, Wolfrum, E., additional, Yang, Q., additional, Yu, Q., additional, Zagórski, R., additional, Zammuto, I., additional, Zehetbauer, T., additional, Zhang, W., additional, Zholobenko, W., additional, Zilker, M., additional, Zito, A., additional, Zohm, H., additional, Zoletnik, S., additional, and EUROfusion MST1 Team, the, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The associations of positive and negative mental well-being with physical activity during the COVID-19 across late adulthood.
- Author
-
Savikangas T, Kekäläinen T, Tirkkonen A, Sipilä S, and Kokko K
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Finland epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Depression epidemiology, Depression psychology, Mental Health statistics & numerical data, Exercise psychology
- Abstract
Background: Mental well-being (MWB) may play an important role in physical activity (PA) behavior, but the independent associations of affective MWB indicators and depressive symptoms with PA are sparsely investigated in late adulthood. We investigated the associations of positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms with PA during the COVID-19 restrictions across late adulthood., Methods: Cross-sectional data came from two Finnish population-based studies. The younger cohort (N = 162, 56% women, 60-61 years) was drawn from the TRAILS study, and the older (N = 272, 60% women, 72-88 years) from the PASSWORD study. Data on PA frequency (1-7; from "not at all" to "approximately daily") and perceived changes in PA (no change/increased/reduced) during COVID-19 restrictions were self-reported. MWB was assessed by positive and negative affect (International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form) and depressive symptoms (younger cohort: General Behavioral Inventory; older cohort: Geriatric Depression Scale). Associations between MWB and PA were analyzed using linear and multinominal logistic regression models., Results: When each MWB indicator was investigated separately, higher positive affect was associated with higher PA frequency in both cohorts and with a higher likelihood of increased PA in the younger cohort; higher negative affect was associated with a higher likelihood of reduced PA in the older cohort; higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA frequency in both cohorts and with a higher likelihood of reduced PA in the older cohort (p ≤ 0.009 for all), In the final models including all three MWB indicators, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates, only the association between higher positive affect and higher odds of increased PA remained significant in the younger cohort (OR = 4.28, p = 0.006). In the older cohort, only the associations of higher depressive symptoms with lower PA frequency (β=-0.097, p = 0.024) and higher odds of reduced PA (OR = 1.26, p = 0.010) remained significant., Conclusions: Positive affect was independently associated with increased PA during the COVID-19 restrictions in sixty-year-olds. Higher depressive symptoms were independently associated with lower PA frequency and a higher likelihood of reduced PA in 72-88-year-olds. Positive and negative aspects of MWB have different relations to PA among people aged 60 and 70 + when one's daily routines are restricted., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN52388040 (the PASSWORD study)., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The TRAILS study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Jyväskylä (December 13, 2019) and the PASSWORD study protocol by the Ethics committee of the Central Finland Health Care District (14/12/2016, ref: 11/2016; 24/4/2020, ref: 11U/2016). The study was conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The participants signed an informed consent before participation. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The role of cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in the association between physical activity and menopausal symptoms.
- Author
-
Hyvärinen M, Karvanen J, Karppinen JE, Karavirta L, Juppi HK, Tammelin TH, Kovanen V, Laukkanen J, Aukee P, Sipilä S, Rantalainen T, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Absorptiometry, Photon, Hot Flashes physiopathology, Accelerometry, Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness physiology, Menopause physiology, Body Composition physiology, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct exploratory analyses on the role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in the association between physical activity and menopausal symptoms., Methods: This was a cross-sectional (N = 298) study of women aged 51-59 years including a subsample of 82 women followed for 4 years. The severity of menopausal symptoms was assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale in total symptoms as well as using the somato-vegetative, psychological, and urogenital subscales. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers and self-reports, body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and CRF with a custom-made prediction model based on the six-minute walking distance and spiroergometry. The associations of interest were studied using unstandardized regression coefficients derived from multiple linear regression models with the severity of menopausal symptoms as the outcome., Results: Higher total body and fat mass (kg) were associated with more severe total symptoms (B = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.12] and 0.07 [0.01 to 0.14], respectively) as well as somato-vegetative (0.03 [0.01 to 0.05]; 0.04 [0.01 to 0.06]) and psychological symptoms (0.03 [0.00 to 0.05]; 0.03 [0.00 to 0.06]) in cross-sectional design. Total and lean body mass interacted with physical activity in total and psychological symptoms with stronger indirect associations being observed in participants with lower total and lean body mass. CRF was not associated with menopausal symptoms and did not interact with physical activity., Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy weight is associated with less severe menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. The association between physical activity and the severity of menopausal symptoms varied based on the differences in total and lean body mass., Competing Interests: Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: None reported., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Menopause Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The link between executive skills and neural dynamics during encoding, inhibition, and retrieval of visual information in the elderly.
- Author
-
Parviainen T, Alexandrou AM, Lapinkero HM, Sipilä S, and Kujala J
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Mental Recall physiology, Visual Perception physiology, Brain physiology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function physiology, Magnetoencephalography, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Inhibition, Psychological, Aging physiology
- Abstract
During aging the inter-individual variability in both the neural and behavioral functions is likely to be emphasized. Decreased competence particularly in working memory and general executive control compromises many aspects of the quality of life also within the nonclinical population. We aimed, first, to clarify the brain basis of visual working memory and inhibition during multi-stage natural-like task performance, and second, to identify associations between variation in task-related neural activity and relevant cognitive skills, namely inhibition and general working memory capacity. We recorded, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the neural modulations associated with encoding, maintenance, and retrieval, as well as interference suppression during a visual working memory task in older adults. We quantified the neural correlates of these cognitive processes through two complementary approaches: evoked responses and oscillatory activity. Neural activity during memory retrieval and interference suppression were correlated with behavioral measures of task switching and general executive functions. Our results show that general inhibitory control induced frontocentral neural modulation across a broad range of frequencies whereas domain-specific inhibition was limited to right posterior areas. Our findings also suggest that modulations particularly in phase-locked evoked neural activity can be reliably associated with explicit measures of cognitive skills, with better inhibitory control linked with an early neural effect of distractor inhibition during retrieval. In general, we show that exploiting the inherent inter-individual variability in neural measures and behavioral markers of cognition in aging populations can help establish reliable links between specific brain functions and their behavioral manifestations., (© 2024 The Author(s). Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Two-week step-reduction has limited negative effects on physical function and metabolic health in older adults.
- Author
-
Walker S, Sahinaho UM, Vekki S, Sulonen M, Laukkanen JA, Sipilä S, Peltonen H, Laakkonen E, and Lehti M
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Exercise Therapy methods, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise physiology, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Composition physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: This study determined the effects of a 2-week step-reduction period followed by 4-week exercise rehabilitation on physical function, body composition, and metabolic health in 70-80-year-olds asymptomatic for injury/illness., Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial (ENDURE-study, NCT04997447) was used, where 66 older adults (79% female) were randomized to either intervention or control group. The intervention group reduced daily steps to < 2000, monitored by accelerometer, for two weeks (Period I) and then step-reduction requirement was removed with an additional exercise rehabilitation 4 times per week for 4 weeks (Period II). The control group continued their habitual physical activity throughout with no additional exercise intervention. Laboratory tests were performed at baseline, after Period I and Period II. The primary outcome measure was leg lean mass (LLM). Secondary outcomes included total lean and fat mass, blood glucose and insulin concentration, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentration, maximal isometric leg press force (MVC), and chair rise and stair climb performance., Results: LLM remained unchanged in both groups and no changes occurred in physical function nor body composition in the intervention group in Period I. HDL cholesterol concentration reduced after Period I (from 1.62 ± 0.37 to 1.55 ± 0.36 mmol·L
-1 , P = 0.017) and returned to baseline after Period II (1.66 ± 0.38 mmol·L-1 ) in the intervention group (Time × Group interaction: P = 0.065). MVC improved after Period II only (Time × Group interaction: P = 0.009, Δ% = 15%, P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Short-term step-reduction in healthy older adults may not be as detrimental to health or physical function as currently thought., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Low physical activity is a risk factor for sarcopenia: a cross-sectional analysis of two exercise trials on community-dwelling older adults.
- Author
-
Hämäläinen O, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Alén M, Sipilä S, and Hautala A
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise physiology, Hand Strength physiology, Independent Living, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sarcopenia diagnosis, Sarcopenia epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity is an important factor in the development of sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study explores the prevalence of sarcopenia and associations of physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia in two exercise trial populations. These study groups are clinically meaningful community-dwelling populations at increased risk for sarcopenia: older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and those with a recent hip fracture (HF)., Methods: Data from 313 older adults who did not meet the PA guidelines (60% women; age 74.5 ± 3.8, body mass index 27.9 ± 4.7) and 77 individuals with HF diagnosed on average 70 ± 28 days earlier (75% women; age 79.3 ± 7.1, body mass index 25.3 ± 3.6) were included in this study. Grip strength and muscle mass (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and bioimpedance analysis in participants with HF) were used to assess sarcopenia according to the European Working Group in Older People 2019 (EWGSOP2) criteria. The current level of PA was self-reported using a question with seven response options in both study groups and was measured with a hip-worn accelerometer for seven consecutive days in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines., Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia was 3% (n = 8) and 13% (n = 41) in the older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and 3% (n = 2) and 40% (n = 31) in the HF group, respectively. In the age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model, the lowest levels of self-reported PA were associated with increased probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk in older adults not meeting the PA guidelines (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.3-6.1, p = 0.009) and in the HF group (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4-11.3, p = 0.012). No significant associations between accelerometer-measured PA and probable sarcopenia or sarcopenia were found., Conclusions: Probable sarcopenia is common among community-dwelling older adults not meeting the PA guidelines and very common among individuals recovering from HF who are able to be involved in exercise interventions. In addition, since low PA is associated with higher probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia risk, it is recommended to screen for sarcopenia and promote regular physical activity to prevent sarcopenia in these populations., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Health-related quality of life after hip fracture: effects of a 12-month home-based exercise intervention-secondary analyses of an RCT.
- Author
-
Soukkio PK, Suikkanen SA, Sintonen H, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Kautiainen H, Kääriä SM, Hupli MT, Aartolahti EM, Pitkälä KH, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Exercise, Physical Therapy Modalities, Quality of Life psychology, Aged, Middle Aged, Exercise Therapy methods, Hip Fractures rehabilitation
- Abstract
Purpose: In this randomized controlled trial, we analyzed the effects of a 12-month home-based exercise intervention on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with a hip fracture., Methods: Participants (n = 121) aged ≥ 60 years, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 12 and an operated hip fracture, were placed into Exercise (n = 61) or Usual care (n = 60) groups. Physiotherapist-supervised, home-based training was given twice a week over 12 months. HRQoL was assessed using the 15D instrument at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. The total 15D scores and dimension scores were analyzed and compared to national age- and sex-matched reference data., Results: The participants' mean age was 81 years (SD 7), 75% were women, and 61% had a femoral neck fracture. The mean within-group change in total 15D score over 12 months was 0.023 (95% CI: -0.003 to 0.048) in the Usual care group, and 0.028 (CI: 0.003 to 0.054) in the Exercise group (between-group p = 0.76). We found a statistically significant change in total 15D score in the Exercise group, as well as in the dimension scores of mobility and usual activities in both groups. All 15D scores remained below the general population reference level., Conclusion: Exercise training for 12 months did not enhance the HRQoL of home-dwelling patients with hip fractures any more than usual care. In addition, HRQoL remained below the population level in both groups., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Impact of Multimorbidity Patterns on Changes in Physical Activity and Physical Capacity Among Older Adults Participating in a Year-Long Exercise Intervention.
- Author
-
Savikangas T, Savolainen T, Tirkkonen A, Alén M, Hautala AJ, Laukkanen JA, Rantalainen T, Törmäkangas T, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Aged, Exercise Therapy, Walking, Obesity, Multimorbidity, Exercise
- Abstract
This study investigated the impact of multimorbidity patterns on physical activity and capacity outcomes over the course of a year-long exercise intervention, and on physical activity 1 year later. Participants were 314 physically inactive community-dwelling men and women aged 70-85 years, with no contraindications for exercise at baseline. Physical activity was self-reported. Physical capacity measurements included five-time chair-stand time, 6-minute walking distance, and maximal isometric knee-extension strength. The intervention included supervised and home-based strength, balance, and walking exercises. Multimorbidity patterns comprised physician-diagnosed chronic disease conditions as a predictor cluster and body mass index as a measure of obesity. Multimorbidity patterns explained 0%-12% of baseline variance and 0%-3% of the change in outcomes. The magnitude and direction of the impact of unique conditions varied by outcome, time point, and sex. Multimorbid older adults with no contraindications for exercise may benefit from multimodal physical training.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Menopausal symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged women: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study with 4-year follow-up.
- Author
-
Hyvärinen M, Karvanen J, Juppi HK, Karppinen JE, Tammelin TH, Kovanen V, Aukee P, Sipilä S, Rantalainen T, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Cholesterol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Menopause physiology
- Abstract
Objective: To study associations of menopausal symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors., Study Design: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of a representative population sample of 1393 women aged 47-55 years with a sub-sample of 298 followed for four years. The numbers of vasomotor, psychological, somatic or pain, and urogenital menopausal symptoms were ascertained at baseline through self-report. Their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors were studied using linear regression and linear mixed-effect models. Models were adjusted for age, menopausal status, body mass index, the use of hormonal preparations, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption., Main Outcome Measures: Cardiometabolic risk factors included total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total and android fat mass, and physical activity., Results: All cholesterol and fat mass measures had modest positive associations with menopausal symptoms. The number of vasomotor symptoms, in particular, was associated with total cholesterol (B = 0.13 mmol/l, 95 % CI [0.07, 0.20]; 0.15 mmol/l [0.02, 0.28]) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.08 mmol/l [0.03, 0.14]; 0.12 mmol/l [0.01, 0.09]) in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. However, these associations disappeared after adjusting for confounders. The number of symptoms was not associated with blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and physical activity. Menopausal symptoms at baseline did not predict the changes in the risk factors during the follow-up., Conclusions: Menopausal symptoms may not be independently associated with cardiometabolic risk, and they do not seem to predict the changes in risk factors during the menopausal transition., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Early adulthood and current physical activity and their association with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders in middle-aged women: An observational study with retrospective physical activity assessment.
- Author
-
Kuutti MA, Hyvärinen M, Kauppinen M, Sipilä S, Aukee P, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Middle Aged, Female, Humans, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Exercise, Pelvic Floor Disorders epidemiology, Pelvic Floor Disorders etiology, Urinary Incontinence, Stress epidemiology, Urinary Incontinence, Stress etiology, Fecal Incontinence etiology, Fecal Incontinence complications, Pelvic Organ Prolapse etiology, Pelvic Organ Prolapse complications
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations of early and middle adulthood physical activity (PA) with symptoms of pelvic floor disorders (PFDs), i.e. stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), faecal incontinence (FI), constipation or defecation difficulties (CDDs) and feeling of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among middle-aged women., Design: A cross-sectional, observational study with retrospective PA assessment., Setting: University Research Laboratory., Sample: A random population sample of 1098 Finnish women aged 47-55 years., Methods: Early adulthood PA, current PA, and demographic and gynaecological variables were assessed using self-report questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were applied to study associations of PA variables with symptoms of PFDs. Potential confounding effects of demographic and gynaecological variables were controlled in multiple logistic regression models., Main Outcome Measures: Structured questionnaire-assessed retrospective PA assessment at the age of 17-29 years, current PA at middle age, and prevalence of symptoms of CDD, FI, POP, SUI and UUI., Results: Current PA was not independently associated with the occurrence of the symptoms of PFDs. Middle-aged women with an early adulthood history of competitive sports were more likely to experience symptoms of UUI (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.10-4.24, p = 0.025) but not symptoms of SUI, FI, CDD or POP, whereas women with a history of regular PA were more likely to experience symptoms of FI (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.05-18.49, p = 0.043) but no other symptoms of PFDs., Conclusions: Competitive sports during early adulthood may increase the risk of UUI in middle age. Regular PA during early adulthood may increase the risk of FI., (© 2023 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Does Personality Moderate the Efficacy of Physical and Cognitive Training Interventions? A 12-month Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Adults.
- Author
-
Kekäläinen T, Terracciano A, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Hänninen T, Neely AS, Sipilä S, and Kokko K
- Abstract
This study investigated whether personality traits moderate the effects of a 12-month physical or combined physical and cognitive training interventions on physical and cognitive functioning. Participants were community-dwelling 70-85-year-old adults ( n =314). They were randomly assigned to physical training (weekly supervised walking/balance and strength/balance training, home exercises 2-3x/wk and moderate aerobic activity) or to a physical and cognitive training group (the same physical training and computer training on executive functions 3-4x/wk). The outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention were physical (maximum gait speed, six-minute walking distance, dual-task cost on gait speed) and cognitive functioning (Stroop, Trail-Making Test-B, verbal fluency, CERAD total score). Personality traits (NEO-PI-3, n =239) were assessed post-intervention. Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning. Higher openness was associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores, especially in the physical and cognitive training group (group×time×trait B=-.08, p =.038). Lower neuroticism (time×trait B=-.04, p =.021) and higher conscientiousness (time×trait B=.04, p =.027) were associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores in both groups. Personality traits had mostly null moderating effects across physical and cognitive outcomes, with the possible exception of CERAD score. Individuals with more adaptive personality traits gained more on global cognitive scores during a 12-month training intervention., Competing Interests: Declarations of interest: none
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Beta-band MEG signal power changes in older adults after physical exercise program with and without additional cognitive training.
- Author
-
Kujala J, Maria Alexandrou A, Lapinkero HM, Stigsdotter-Neely A, Sipilä S, and Parviainen T
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Cognition physiology, Executive Function physiology, Exercise physiology, Exercise Therapy methods, Magnetoencephalography, Cognitive Training
- Abstract
Physical exercise has been considered to be an efficient mean of preserving cognitive function and it influences both the structural and functional characteristics of the brain. It has especially been shown to increase brain plasticity, the capacity to re-structure brain properties in response to interaction, such as cognitive practice. Studies have also examined the potential additive effect of cognitive training on the documented benefit of physical exercise, commonly, however, not at the neural level. We monitored, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), the brain processes associated with executive functions in older individuals who participated in a 12-month randomized controlled trial including two research arms: physical and cognitive training vs physical training alone. Measurements were conducted at 0 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The addition of cognitive training was associated with better performance in the Stroop test that reflects executive control. The extra benefit of cognitive training was also manifested as decreased modulation of beta frequency band (15-25 Hz) especially to difficult distractors. As beta band activity is associated with attentional control, this indicates fewer resources needed to inhibit irrelevant sensory inputs. These results imply an enhancing role of cognitive elements integrated with physical training in improving or maintaining executive functions in older individuals., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Participant characteristics associated with the effects of a physical and cognitive training program on executive functions.
- Author
-
Tirkkonen A, Törmäkangas T, Kulmala J, Hänninen T, Neely AS, and Sipilä S
- Abstract
Background: Physical and cognitive interventions have been shown to induce positive effects on older adults' executive functioning. However, since participants with different background characteristics may respond differently to such interventions, we investigated whether training effects on executive functions were associated with sex, training compliance, and age. We also investigated if change in global cognition was associated with physical and cognitive training intervention-induced changes in executive functions., Methods: Exploratory data from a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Participants were 70-85-year-old men and women who received a 12-month physical (PT) or physical and cognitive training (PTCT) intervention. Measurements of executive functions related to inhibition (Stroop), set shifting (Trail Making Test B) and updating (Verbal Fluency) were performed at baseline and 12 months. Data were analyzed using a longitudinal linear path model for the two measurements occasion., Results: Stroop improved significantly more in women and participants in the low compliance subgroup who received PTCT than in counterparts in the PT subgroup (difference -8.758, p = 0.001 and difference -8.405, p = 0.010, respectively). In addition, TMT B improved after the intervention in the low compliance PTCT subgroup and worsened in the corresponding PT subgroup (difference -15.034, p = 0.032). No other significant associations were observed., Conclusion: Executive functions in women and in the participants, who only occasionally engaged in training showed greater improvement after the PTCT than PT intervention. However, the additional extra benefit gained from the PTCT intervention was uniquely expressed in each executive function measured in this study., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tirkkonen, Törmäkangas, Kulmala, Hänninen, Neely and Sipilä.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Changes in the Severity of Frailty Among Older Adults After 12 Months of Supervised Home-Based Physical Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Author
-
Suikkanen S, Soukkio P, Kautiainen H, Kääriä S, Hupli MT, Sipilä S, Pitkälä K, Aartolahti E, and Kukkonen-Harjula K
- Subjects
- Aged, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Female, Frail Elderly, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Frailty
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of 12 months of physiotherapist-supervised, home-based physical exercise on the severity of frailty and on the prevalence of the 5 frailty phenotype criteria, using secondary analyses., Design: Randomized clinical trial, with 1:1 allocation into 12-month home-based physical exercise, or usual care. The multicomponent exercise sessions (60 minutes) were supervised by the physiotherapist and included strength, balance, functional, and flexibility exercises twice a week at participants' homes., Setting and Participants: Home-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years who were frail (meeting 3-5 criteria) or prefrail (1-2 criteria) according to frailty phenotype criteria., Methods: The severity of frailty (nonfrail, prefrail, or frail) was assessed using frailty phenotype criteria, and the prevalence of each frailty criterion (weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weakness, and slowness) were assessed at baseline and at 12 months., Results: Two hundred ninety-nine persons were included in the analyses, of whom 184 were prefrail and 115 were frail at baseline. Their mean age was 82.5 (SD 6.3) years, and 75% were women. There was a significant difference between the exercise and usual care groups' transitions to different frailty states from baseline to 12 months among those who at baseline were prefrail (P = .032) and frail (P = .009). At 12 months, the mean number of frailty criteria had decreased in the exercise group (-0.27, 95% CI -0.47, -0.08) and remained unchanged in the usual care group (0.01, 95% CI -0.16, 0.18; P = .042). The prevalence of the exhaustion (P = .009) and the low physical activity (P < .001) criteria were lower at 12 months in the exercise group than in the usual care group., Conclusions and Implications: The severity of frailty can be reduced through 12-month supervised home-based exercise training. Exercise should be included in the care of older adults with signs of frailty., (Copyright © 2022 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Effects of a 12-month home-based exercise program on functioning after hip fracture - Secondary analyses of an RCT.
- Author
-
Soukkio PK, Suikkanen SA, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Kautiainen H, Hupli MT, Aartolahti EM, Kääriä SM, Pitkälä KH, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, 80 and over, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Therapy Modalities, Hand Strength, Hip Fractures surgery
- Abstract
Background: Long-term functional limitations are common after hip fractures. Exercise may alleviate these negative consequences but there is no consensus on an optimal training program. The objective was to study the effects of a 12-month home-based supervised, progressive exercise program on functioning, physical performance, and physical activity., Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial targeting patients with surgical repair of a hip fracture, aged ≥60 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥12. The participants were randomized into Exercise (n = 61) or Usual care (n = 60). Assessments at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months included Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), handgrip strength, and self-reported frequency of sessions of leisure-time physical activity. Analyzed using mixed-effects models., Results: Participants' (n = 121) mean age was 81 years (SD 7), and 75% were women. The mean IADL score at baseline was 17.1 (SD 4.5) in the exercise group, and 17.4 (5.1) in the usual care group. The mean SPPB scores were 3.9 (1.6) and 4.2 (1.8), and handgrip strength was 17.7 (8.9) kg and 20.8 (8.0) kg, respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted mean changes in IADL over 12 months were 3.7 (95% CI 2.8-4.7) in the exercise and 2.0 (1.0-3.0) in the usual care group (between-group difference, p = 0.016); changes in SPPB 4.3 (3.6-4.9) and 2.1 (1.5-2.7) (p < 0.001); and changes in handgrip strength 1.2 kg (0.3-2.0) and 1.0 kg (-1.9 to -0.2) (p < 0.001), respectively. We found no between-group differences in changes in the frequency of leisure-time activity sessions., Conclusion: A 12-month home-based supervised, progressive exercise program improved functioning and physical performance more than usual care among patients with hip fractures. However, the training did not increase leisure-time physical activity., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Geriatrics Society.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Menopause modulates the circulating metabolome: evidence from a prospective cohort study.
- Author
-
Karppinen JE, Törmäkangas T, Kujala UM, Sipilä S, Laukkanen J, Aukee P, Kovanen V, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Menopause, Metabolome
- Abstract
Aims: We studied the changes in the circulating metabolome and their relation to the menopausal hormonal shift in 17β-oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels among women transitioning from perimenopause to early postmenopause., Methods and Results: We analysed longitudinal data from 218 Finnish women, 35 of whom started menopausal hormone therapy during the study. The menopausal transition was monitored with menstrual diaries and serum hormone measurements. The median follow-up was 14 months (interquartile range: 8-20). Serum metabolites were quantified with targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics. The model results were adjusted for age, follow-up duration, education, lifestyle, and multiple comparisons. Menopause was associated with 85 metabolite measures. The concentration of apoB (0.17 standard deviation [SD], 99.5% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.31), very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (0.25 SD, CI 0.05-0.45) and particles (0.21 SD, CI 0.05-0.36), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (0.17 SD, CI 0.01-0.34) and particles (0.17 SD, CI 0.03-0.31), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides (0.24 SD, CI 0.02-0.46), glycerol (0.32 SD, CI 0.07-0.58) and leucine increased (0.25 SD, CI 0.02-0.49). Citrate (-0.36 SD, CI -0.57 to -0.14) and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations decreased (-0.46 SD, CI -0.75 to -0.17). Most metabolite changes were associated with the menopausal hormonal shift. This explained 11% and 9% of the LDL cholesterol and particle concentration increase, respectively. Menopausal hormone therapy was associated with increased medium-to-large HDL particle count and decreased small-to-medium LDL particle and glycine concentration., Conclusions: Menopause is associated with proatherogenic circulating metabolome alterations. Female sex hormones levels are connected to the alterations, highlighting their impact on women's cardiovascular health., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Falls and Concern About Falling in Older Adults: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
-
Turunen KM, Tirkkonen A, Savikangas T, Hänninen T, Alen M, Fielding RA, Kivipelto M, Stigsdotter Neely A, Törmäkangas T, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Aged, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Single-Blind Method, Exercise Therapy methods, Independent Living psychology
- Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate whether combined cognitive and physical training provides additional benefits to fall prevention when compared with physical training (PT) alone in older adults., Methods: This is a prespecified secondary analysis of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial involving community-dwelling men and women aged 70-85 years who did not meet the physical activity guidelines. The participants were randomized into combined physical and cognitive training (PTCT, n = 155) and PT (n = 159) groups. PT included supervised and home-based physical exercises following the physical activity recommendations. PTCT included PT and computer-based cognitive training. The outcome was the rate of falls over the 12-month intervention (PTCT, n = 151 and PT, n = 155) and 12-month postintervention follow-up (PTCT, n = 143 and PT, n = 148). Falls were ascertained from monthly diaries. Exploratory outcomes included the rate of injurious falls, faller/recurrent faller/fall-related fracture status, and concern about falling., Results: Estimated incidence rates of falls per person-year were 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-1.1) in the PTCT and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) in the PT during the intervention and 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) versus 1.0 (95% CI 0.8-1.1), respectively, during the postintervention follow-up. There was no significant difference in the rate of falls during the intervention (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.78; 95% CI 0.56-1.10, p = .152) or in the follow-up (IRR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.59-1.15, p = .263). No significant between-group differences were observed in any exploratory outcomes., Conclusion: A yearlong PTCT intervention did not result in a significantly lower rate of falls or concern about falling than PT alone in older community-dwelling adults., Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN52388040., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Total and regional body adiposity increases during menopause-evidence from a follow-up study.
- Author
-
Juppi HK, Sipilä S, Fachada V, Hyvärinen M, Cronin N, Aukee P, Karppinen JE, Selänne H, Kujala UM, Kovanen V, Karvinen S, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Obesity, Adiposity, Menopause physiology
- Abstract
For women, menopausal transition is a time of significant hormonal changes, which may contribute to altered body composition and regional adipose tissue accumulation. Excess adiposity, and especially adipose tissue accumulation in the central body region, increases women's risk of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions and affects physical functioning. We investigated the associations between menopausal progression and total and regional body adiposity measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography in two longitudinal cohort studies of women aged 47-55 (n = 230 and 148, mean follow-up times 1.3 ± 0.7 and 3.9 ± 0.2 years, mean baseline BMI 25.5 kg/m
2 ). We also examined associations between menopausal progression and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics, as well as adipose tissue-derived adipokines. Relative increases of 2%-14% were observed in regional and total body adiposity measures, with a pronounced fat mass increase in the android area (4% and 14% during short- and long-term follow-ups). Muscle fiber oxidative and glycolytic capacities and intracellular adiposity were not affected by menopause, but were differentially correlated with total and regional body adiposity at different menopausal stages. Menopausal progression and regional adipose tissue masses were positively associated with serum adiponectin and leptin, and negatively associated with resistin levels. Higher diet quality and physical activity level were also inversely associated with several body adiposity measures. Therefore, healthy lifestyle habits before and during menopause might delay the onset of severe metabolic conditions in women., (© 2022 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Physical Activity and Nutritional INfluences in Ageing (PANINI) Toolkit: A Standardized Approach towards Physical Activity and Nutritional Assessment of Older Adults.
- Author
-
Ramsey KA, Meskers CGM, Trappenburg MC, Bacalini MG, Delledonne M, Garagnani P, Greig C, Kallen V, van Meeteren N, van Riel N, Correia Santos N, Sipilä S, Thompson JL, Whittaker AC, and Maier AB
- Abstract
Assessing multiple domains of health in older adults requires multidimensional and large datasets. Consensus on definitions, measurement protocols and outcome measures is a prerequisite. The Physical Activity and Nutritional INfluences In Ageing (PANINI) Toolkit aims to provide a standardized toolkit of best-practice measures for assessing health domains of older adults with an emphasis on nutrition and physical activity. The toolkit was drafted by consensus of multidisciplinary and pan-European experts on ageing to standardize research initiatives in diverse populations within the PANINI consortium. Domains within the PANINI Toolkit include socio-demographics, general health, nutrition, physical activity and physical performance and psychological and cognitive health. Implementation across various countries, settings and ageing populations has proven the feasibility of its use in research. This multidimensional and standardized approach supports interoperability and re-use of data, which is needed to optimize the coordination of research efforts, increase generalizability of findings and ultimately address the challenges of ageing.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Associations Between Physical and Executive Functions Among Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women.
- Author
-
Tirkkonen A, Kulmala J, Hänninen T, Törmäkangas T, Stigsdotter Neely A, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Aged, Cognition, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Walking psychology, Walking Speed, Executive Function, Independent Living
- Abstract
Walking is a complex task requiring the interplay of neuromuscular, sensory, and cognitive functions. Owing to the age-related decline in cognitive and physical functions, walking may be compromised in older adults, for cognitive functions, especially poor performance in executive functions, is associated with slow walking speed. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between different subdomains of executive functions and physical functions and whether the associations found differ between men and women. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on data collected from 314 community-dwelling older adults who did not meet physical activity guidelines but had intact cognition. Our results showed that, while executive functions were associated with gait and lower extremity functioning, the associations depended partly on the executive process measured and the nature of the physical task. Moreover, the associations did not differ between the sexes.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Metabolic health, menopause, and physical activity-a 4-year follow-up study.
- Author
-
Hyvärinen M, Juppi HK, Taskinen S, Karppinen JE, Karvinen S, Tammelin TH, Kovanen V, Aukee P, Kujala UM, Rantalainen T, Sipilä S, and Laakkonen EK
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol, LDL, Follow-Up Studies, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference, Exercise, Menopause metabolism
- Abstract
Background: In women, metabolic health deteriorates after menopause, and the role of physical activity (PA) in mitigating the change is not completely understood. This study investigates the changes in indicators of metabolic health around menopause and evaluates whether PA modulates these changes., Methods: Longitudinal data of 298 women aged 48-55 years at baseline participating in the ERMA and EsmiRs studies was used. Mean follow-up time was 3.8 (SD 0.1) years. Studied indicators of metabolic health were total and android fat mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, serum total cholesterol, and high- (HDL-C) and low-density (LDL-C) lipoprotein cholesterol. PA was assessed by accelerometers and questionnaires. The participants were categorized into three menopausal groups: PRE-PRE (pre- or perimenopausal at both timepoints, n = 56), PRE-POST (pre- or perimenopausal at baseline, postmenopausal at follow-up, n = 149), and POST-POST (postmenopausal at both timepoints, n = 93). Analyses were carried out using linear and Poisson mixed-effect models., Results: At baseline, PA associated directly with HDL-C and inversely with LDL-C and all body adiposity variables. An increase was observed in total (B = 1.72, 95% CI [0.16, 3.28]) and android fat mass (0.26, [0.06, 0.46]), SBP (9.37, [3.34, 15.39]), and in all blood-based biomarkers in the PRE-POST group during the follow-up. The increase tended to be smaller in the PRE-PRE and POST-POST groups compared to the PRE-POST group, except for SBP. The change in PA associated inversely with the change in SBP (-2.40, [-4.34, -0.46]) and directly with the change in WHR (0.72, [0.05, 1.38])., Conclusions: In middle-aged women, menopause may accelerate the changes in multiple indicators of metabolic health. PA associates with healthier blood lipid profile and body composition in middle-aged women but does not seem to modulate the changes in most of the studied metabolic health indicators during the menopausal transition., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Associations of neuroticism with falls in older adults: do psychological factors mediate the association?
- Author
-
Turunen KM, Kokko K, Kekäläinen T, Alén M, Hänninen T, Pynnönen K, Laukkanen P, Tirkkonen A, Törmäkangas T, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Neuroticism, Fear, Independent Living
- Abstract
Objectives: Neuroticism predicts falls in older people. In addition, concern about falling and depressive symptoms are associated with fall risk. This study examined whether concern about falling and depressive symptoms mediate the association between neuroticism and falls., Method: Cross-sectional data on 314 community-dwelling people aged 70-85 years were utilized. Neuroticism was assessed with a short modified form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Indoor and outdoor falls during the past year were self-reported. Concern about falling was assessed with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Path modeling was used to examine the associations between variables., Results: Mediating pathways linking neuroticism and falls were found: neuroticism was positively associated with concern about falling, which was subsequently linked to indoor falls (indirect effect β = 0.34, p = 0.002) and recurrent outdoor falls ( β = 0.19, p = 0.045). Moreover, a pathway from neuroticism to indoor falls through depressive symptoms was also found ( β = 0.21, p = 0.054). In other words, higher neuroticism was associated with higher concern about falling and depressive symptoms, both of which were linked to falls. The associations were independent of age, sex, use of psychotropic, chronic diseases, persistent pain, physical performance, physical activity, and executive functioning that are known risk factors for falls., Discussion: The results indicate that concern about falling and depressive symptoms mediate the association between neuroticism and falling. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causality of the findings and to examine the potential to reduce falls by targeting concern about falling and depressive symptoms among older adults higher in neuroticism.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Bidirectional associations between cognitive functions and walking performance among middle-aged women.
- Author
-
Tirkkonen A, Kekäläinen T, Aukee P, Kujala UM, Laakkonen EK, Kokko K, and Sipilä S
- Subjects
- Executive Function, Female, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Perimenopause, Cognition, Walking
- Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether (1) cognitive functions change after the transition from the perimenopausal to the postmenopausal stage, (2) cognitive functions and walking are associated in middle-aged women, and (3) cognitive functions assessed in perimenopause are associated with walking after reaching the postmenopause or vice versa., Methods: In total, 342 women, categorized as early (n = 158) or late perimenopausal (n = 184), were included in the study and followed up until postmenopausal. Psychomotor speed, executive functions related to set-shifting and updating, working memory, and visual memory were assessed. Walking was assessed with walking speed, walking distance, and dual-task cost in walking speed. Data was analyzed using the paired-samples t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling., Results: We found small but significant improvements in psychomotor speed (P = 0.01) and working memory (P < 0.001) among early perimenopausal and in psychomotor speed (P = 0.001), set-shifting (P = 0.02), visual memory (P = 0.002), and working memory (P < 0.001) among late perimenopausal women after the transition from peri- to postmenopause. Walking speed (β = 0.264, P = 0.001) and dual-task cost (β = 0.160, P = 0.03) were associated with updating, and walking distance was associated with updating and set-shifting (β = 0.198, P = 0.02, β=-0.178 P = 0.04 respectively) among the late perimenopausal women. We found no longitudinal associations between cognitive functions and walking., Conclusion: Cognitive performance remained unchanged or improved after reaching postmenopause. Cognitive functions and walking were associated during the late perimenopause, but the association depended on the cognitive process and nature of the physical task. Cognitive performance was not associated with walking after reaching postmenopause or vice versa., Competing Interests: Financial disclosure/conflicts of interest: None reported., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The North American Menopause Society.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effect of 12-Month Supervised, Home-Based Physical Exercise on Functioning Among Persons With Signs of Frailty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
-
Suikkanen S, Soukkio P, Aartolahti E, Kääriä S, Kautiainen H, Hupli MT, Pitkälä K, Sipilä S, and Kukkonen-Harjula K
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Frail Elderly, Home Care Services, Humans, Male, Accidental Falls prevention & control, Exercise Therapy methods, Frailty rehabilitation
- Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effects of a 12-month home-based exercise program on functioning and falls among persons with signs of frailty., Design: A randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation., Setting: Home-based., Participants: Home-dwelling persons aged 65 years or older meeting at least 1 frailty phenotype criteria (N=300). The mean age of the participants was 82.2±6.3 years, 75% were women, 61% met 1-2 frailty criteria, and 39% met ≥3 criteria., Interventions: A 12-month, individually tailored, progressive, and physiotherapist-supervised physical exercise twice a week (n=150) vs usual care (n=149)., Main Outcome Measures: FIM, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), handgrip strength, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and self-reported falls and physical activity (other than intervention). Assessed 4 times at home over 12 months., Results: FIM deteriorated in both groups over 12 months, -4.1 points (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.6 to -2.5) in the exercise group and -6.9 (95% CI, -8.4 to -2.3) in the usual care group (group P=.014, time P<.001, interaction P=.56). The mean improvement in SPPB was significantly greater in the exercise group (1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-2.0]) than in the usual care group (0.01 [95% CI, -0.3 to 0.3]) (group P<.001, time P=.11, interaction P=.027). The exercise group reported significantly fewer falls per person-year than the usual care group (incidence rate ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.40-0.55]; P<.001). There was no significant difference between the groups over 12 months in terms of handgrip strength, IADL function, or self-reported physical activity., Conclusions: One year of physical exercise improved physical performance and decreased the number of falls among people with signs of frailty. FIM differed between the groups at 12 months, but exercise did not prevent deterioration of FIM, IADL, or handgrip strength., (Copyright © 2021 The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.