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Forever and a day, breast cancer has caused significant negative impacts on the quality of lives of number of women, more often than not turning into a fatal disease. The growth in the number of such cases has constantly been a major concern for the community as well as medical experts. To prevent irreversible damages caused by the disease, early identification of breast cancer is essential. Various researches and techniques have been devised in the past as an attempt to achieve this task with appreciable accuracy. As an advancement to these pre-existing algorithms and methods, we have devised a model by exploiting the techniques of nature-inspired metaheuristics in order to efficiently detect breast cancer at an early stage while maintaining acceptable levels of accuracy. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model, namely "hybrid artificial bee colony and black hole with genetic operators (GBHABC)", for the early detection of breast cancer. In the proposed model, we employed a support vector machine (SVM) ensemble technique, optimized using the proposed GBHABC model. This model combines the techniques of two major algorithms, namely artificial bee colony (ABC) and black hole (BH), guided through crossover and mutation genetic operators. Datasets from the well-known UCI breast cancer repository have been used to train the models and evaluate test result. For a fair and accurate evaluation of the model, a number of metrics have been examined including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score and precision. An impeccable accuracy of 99.42% was obtained on the UCI dataset, clearly outperforming any literature in the same field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations today are employing databases on a large scale to store data essential for their functioning. Malicious access and modifications of the databases may lead to adverse financial and legal implications. In recent years, security researchers have focused on detecting abuse of access privileges by employees of an organization. Identifying threats from insiders is hard because they are aware of the organization of the database in addition to having authorised access privileges. To detect insider attacks effectively and efficiently, we present a novel approach to dynamically determine the malicious transactions using historical data. We propose Trust factor-based user behavior analysis using sequential pattern mining for database intrusion detection systems (TFUBID). Since, groups of users access the organizational database for similar purposes, we cluster user behavior vectors using fuzzy clustering and define a class of Integral Data Attributes using sequential pattern mining to model trust factor-based behavioral patterns of employees accessing the database assigning higher weight to critical elements and Directly Correlated Attributes. A comprehensive experimental evaluation on our synthetic dataset adhering to TPC-C standard benchmark revealed that TFUBID achieved an accuracy of 94% for detecting malicious transactions and outperforms competing state-of-the-art techniques on several performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Database systems have become imperative for organisations around the world to store and analyse information. However, as one of the ramifications of a massive surge in cloud-based activities and interactions brought forth by the advent of the internet era, the data is exposed to an audience broader than ever and there are a variety of new challenges putting database security in jeopardy. To be able to address the problem of data security, we propose a unique method for Database Intrusion Detection System build on frequent sequential pattern mining and a modified metaheuristic hybrid clustering of Grey Wolf and Whale optimization algorithm to determine malicious transactions in Role Based Access Control and non-RBAC supervised databases. Our proposed approach extracts data dependency rules from the database logs using CM-SPADE mining algorithm to detect outsider threats. It then assigns role profiles to the users based on the previous user activities using the modified metaheuristic clustering to detect insider threats. Thereby, identifying incoming transactions as malicious by matching the role profile of the user and comparing the adherence of the transaction pattern to the generated dependency rules. To evaluate the efficiency of the model we generated a synthetic dataset including malicious and non-malicious transactions adhering to the TPC-C benchmark, and the findings were encouraging, with levels of accuracy of around 97.8 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunscreen lotion is a sort of product that protects against the sun's harmful rays by containing ultraviolet radiation (UV rays), which is divided into two types: ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). The incorporation of herbal materials into sunscreen is one of the most effective and natural ways to protect against the sun, as measured by the sun protection factor (SPF), as well as the detrimental side effects of toxic chemicals. The present study aimed to develop herbal sunscreens containing turmeric (strong antiseptic property which protects skin from bacteria caused by excess sweat), coconut oil (used as a sun-block agent and helps to protect skin from sun damage), aloe vera (give a cooling effect to the skin and work as skin barrier), lemon (used to protect skin for sunburn) which will be effective for skin and protect skin against harmful sun rays, sunburn, and skin cancer. Prepared herbal sunscreens were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, SPF, thermal stability, antioxidant activity, in vitro mutagenicity, and stability. Results showed that the F5 and F6 herbal sunscreens were of good consistency and viscosity with excellent antioxidant, non-mutagenic, nonirritant, stability activity and possessed 33.50 SPF for normal skin. In comparison to F1 through F4, formulations with a coconut oil base and carrot seed extract (F5 and F6) were shown to be stable and effective, with a high SPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated blood serotonin levels have been observed in patients with heart failure and serotonin has a role in pathological cardiac function. The serotonin receptor system was examined in adult rat isolated cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells. This is one of the first studies that has investigated serotonin receptors and other proteins involved in the serotonin receptor system in rat cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblast cells. Rat primary cardiac fibroblasts were isolated and transformed into myofibroblasts using 5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Transformation of cells to myofibroblasts was confirmed with the presence of α-smooth muscle actin using Western blot. Serotonin metabolism and receptor protein expression was assessed using Western blot techniques and serotonin levels measured using ELISA. The 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors were found to be present in both rat cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblast cells, however no significance in protein expression between the two cell types was found (P > 0.05). In this study a significant increase in the serotonin transporter (SERT), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and extracellular serotonin levels was observed in rat cardiac myofibroblasts when compared to fibroblasts (P < 0.05). These results suggest that serotonin levels may rise in parallel with cardiac myofibroblast populations and contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure via serotonin receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emulsomes are a type of lipid-based nanoparticle that consists of a solid lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer and have shown promise as drug delivery systems for a variety of applications. The major advantageous aspect of employing lipid-based carriers is their ability to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, mandatorily in case of intranasal drug delivery. These structures have portrayed significant ability to encapsulate drug with poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability, further leading to a completely enhanced drug delivery systems for achieving stability and controlled release of drug. The selection of lipid components and their physiochemical properties can be tailored to optimize drug solubility, blood brain barrier permeability, and enhanced targeting. Intranasal drug delivery systems offer several advantages over other routes of administration. Intranasal delivery of drugs can provide rapid and efficient absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism in the liver and potentially reducing the risk of systemic side effects. Nasal mucosa comprises of dense network of blood vessels, that allow much enhanced rapid drug absorption and direct systemic delivery once the medication is being insufflated through the nasal route. Emulsomes can be used to encapsulate a wide range of drugs, including hydrophobic compounds that are difficult to formulate using traditional delivery methods. By incorporating targeting ligands or other components into the emulsome structure, it is possible to create formulations that are highly selective for specific tissues or cells. The characterization parameters majorly particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency play a significant role while demonstrating the effectiveness of emulsome formulation and further its nasal route of administration. Therefore, by assessing and evaluating the parameters, researchers could effectively gain insights into the quality, stability, and enhanced therapeutic effects of emulsome drug carrier, leading to impactful information which would help in future intranasal emulsome preparation preparations, optimization and ensuring the overall effectiveness of the drug delivery systems. Short conclusion: This review discusses the idea of emulsomes drug delivery systems, reviews the effectiveness of emulsomes for the delivery of small molecules, and pays particular attention to its structural and formulation design including benefits of intranasal emulsome delivery with recent advancements, stability aspects, and various considerations related to drug delivery and comprising of future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth is a heritage of plants with an abundance of species, many of which are known among us, but many of them are still unknown for us. There are many traditional plants which have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times, and Nagkesar (Mesua ferrea Linn) is one of them, which is grown in many countries like India, Indochina, Nepal, Thailand, Sri Lanka and many other countries. It is used to treat diseases like bleeding piles, renal disease, dysentery, fever, and asthma, as well as bacterial and fungal infections. It is known for its medicinal properties but has also been used as an ornamental plant since ancient times. It contains active phytoconstituents like steroids, coumarins and their derivatives, terpenoids, xanthones and their derivatives, flavonoids and pyranoxanthones, which act as precursors of other ailments. The goal of this study is to summarise the all-pharmacological activities of Nagkesar as well as some novel uses of Nagkesar. A thorough bibliographic investigation was launched by examining internationally recognized scientific databases such as Cochrane library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google scholar, and several data sets from Herbalist library. We searched several clinical trial databases of the recent past year and previous systematic reviews from 1980-2022. In this review article, all probable pharmacological effects of the Nagkesar plant, as well as the active components responsible for the biological role, are discussed. Nagkesar is important in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Inflammation, bleeding piles, bronchitis, severe infection, fungal growth, diarrhea, and kidney disease are among conditions that can be treated with the Nagkesar plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zadow, EK, Edwards, KH, Kitic, CM, Fell, JW, Adams, MJ, Singh, I, Kundur, A, Johnstone, ANB, Crilly, J, Bulmer, AC, Halson, SL, and, and Wu, SSX. Compression socks reduce running-induced intestinal damage. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2461–2464, 2022—Exercise is associated with a reduction in splanchnic blood flow that leads to the disruption of intestinal epithelium integrity, contributing to exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. Strategies that promote intestinal blood flow during exercise may reduce intestinal damage, which may be advantageous for subsequent recovery and performance. This study aimed to explore if exercise-associated intestinal damage was influenced by wearing compression garments, which may improve central blood flow. Subjects were randomly allocated to wear compression socks (n = 23) or no compression socks (control, n = 23) during a marathon race. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before and immediately after marathon and analyzed for intestinal fatty acid–binding protein (I-FABP) concentration as a marker of intestinal damage. The magnitude of increase in postmarathon plasma I-FABP concentration was significantly greater in control group (107%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 72–428%) when compared with runners wearing compression socks (38%; 95% CI, 20–120%; p = 0.046; d = 0.59). Wearing compression socks during a marathon run reduced exercise-associated intestinal damage. Compression socks may prove an effective strategy to minimize the intestinal damage component of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet hyperactivity has a crucial role in initiating vascular thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of anthocyanins (AC) on platelet aggregation and activation and lipid profile.Study Design: A total of 26 healthy participants consumed 320 mg of AC/day in the form of Medox® capsules for 28 days.Setting: This study was conducted in the laboratories of the School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.Participants: A total of 26 randomly recruited healthy 25- to 75-year-old participants completed this study.Primary Outcome Measures: Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-the intervention period to perform platelet activation studies by measuring platelet surface marker expression of CD41a and P-selectin, and platelet-monocyte aggregates in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulated platelets. Platelet aggregation studies were performed by stimulating platelets with various agonists such as ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid. Full blood examination, coagulation and biochemistry profile analyses were also performed pre- and post-intervention. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant effect of AC on the expression of P-selectin as measured by the platelet surface expression of CD62p.Results: There was a significant reduction of ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation. Hematologic analysis showed a significant reduction of mean platelet volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Coagulation analysis demonstrated significant attenuation of fibrinogen level in the blood.Conclusion: This study showed inhibition of platelet activity, platelet aggregation and mean platelet volume (MPV). These results suggest that AC has a positive impact on attenuating platelet activity, which might minimize thrombotic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]