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The Biochemistry Section at the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) in Faisalabad served as the research hub for our study throughout 2020-21. We delved into the antioxidants and biochemical parameters found in an array of fruits including peach (Prunus persica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lychee (Litchi chinensis), fig (Ficus carica), plum (Prunus domestica), sweet lime (Citrus limetta), Kuranda (Carissa carandas), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), and pear (Pyrus communis). These fruits offer vital nutrition like Vitamin C, ranging from 2.49 in fig to 48.7 in sweet lime, mineral matter is minimum (0.34%) in pear and maximum 6.19% in Lychee, crude fiber was highest (7.26%) in kuranda and lowest (0.82%) in Grapefruit, crude fat was less than 1 in all the fruits except kuranda having crude fat 1.66%. crude protein was also less than one in most of the fruits under study except Fig (2.05%), Plum (3.33%) and Kuranda (1.16%). Total antioxidants were higher in Peach (94.1%) followed by Plum (88.5%), Sweet lime (84.6%) and Fig (83.9%) while lowest value was observed in Kuranda (10.4%). Their adequate consumption not only fortifies the immune system but also serves as a shield against afflictions. Phenols packed abundantly within fruits, stand out as some of the most nutrient-rich components. Total phenols were ranging from 13.8 µg GAE/mL (Grapefruit) to 1182.5 µg GAE/mL (Kuranda). Total sugar lies between 6% (Plum) to 14.3% (Luchee). This paper delves deep into an exhaustive analysis of bioactive compounds, exploring their antioxidant capacities within the most widely cultivated fruits. Our exploration identifies that all the fruits are useful due to one or more nutritious elements. Our findings conclusively advocate the regular consumption of fruits, emphasizing their pivotal role in fostering nutrition and safeguarding against diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial development not only proved to be the forerunner of revolutionary development in financials, it also opened new avenues in Islamic Financial fiqh. In fact, the industrial revolution has created new challenges for Islamic fiqh, which need to be addressed. Now the world has become a global village and business has expanded from a small scale to very large scale in the form of multinational companies. Thus, people from different geographical backgrounds, religious affiliations and fiqh interact with each other. Therefore, due to this mutual trade among traders having different fiqh backgrounds, sometimes face issues due to different fiqhi background. Jurists have difference of opinion in financial matters like Imam Abu Ḥanīfa, Imam Mālik, Imam Shāfiʿī and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal have different opinions on permissibility or impermissibility of different financial matters. Therefore, it is a challenge to do business and financial dealings with persons having different followings. Many fiqh bodies (institutions) worldwide are working to resolve such issues. These institutions set the standard for Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) by addressing such issues by combining different fiqh on predefined parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study is to critically discuss and evaluate the talfīq with respect to financial matters in light of the resolutions of International Islamic fiqh Academy. Being qualitative in nature, this study uses content analysis to achieve its objective. To resolve the issues faced in financial matters, abandoning one fiqh and adopting another is called "talfīq ". Different bodies are working for this in the world and locally in Pakistan as well. They are all working as Sharī ʻah standard setting bodies, for all aspects of the life of the Muslim ummah, including financial matters. One of the standard setting bodies is International Islamic Fiqh Academy Jeddah. Since its inception, the academy has passed resolutions on hundreds of important financial matters, most of which adopted a consolidation approach. Some of these important financial issues are discussed in this paper. The purposes of this academy which is giving a ruling in financial matters, are also discussed in detail. A critical review of isti ṣnā ʿ (It refers to a contract under which an item is purchased before it comes into existence and an order is given for its manufacture.), as a binding contract and penalty clause in case of delayed delivery is particularly presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currency salam is a financial product in the basket of Islamic finance that facilitates dealings in discounting of bills. Moreover, it allows provision for speculative future currency trading. This article shows that currency salam is prohibited in the light of Islamic rules of riba. Researchers have held three positions about modern currencies. The paper shows that the permissibility of currency salam is derived by combining together these three irreconcilable views about modern currencies. In other words, currency salam is the outcome of a fallacious methodology known as talfeeq which is merely a device of creating legal artifices (hiyal) for satisfying one's desires. It is argued that the permission of currency salam must be rejected because it is riba and it opens up the flood‐gate for financial speculations in the name of Islam. The paper also attempts to draw attention of the regulatory authorities to tackle this issue seriously as it will adversely affect the trust on Islamic banking regarding its Shariah compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known regarding effects of azo-dyes on soil organic matter cycling in soil. Therefore, this lab study was carried out in Government College University Faisalabad to understand effects of varying concentrations (100, 200, 400 mg kg-1 ) of reactive black (RB5), direct red (DR) and, acid yellow (AY) on soil organic matter cycling in a sandy loam, a clay loam, and a loam. Soils were mixed with the aforementioned dyes and incubated in lab for 636 hrs. Results revealed that DR induced change of -52 to +53%, -8 to -58%, and -50 to +8% on soil respiration rate in sandy loam, loam and clay loam soils respectively in first 160 h of incubation. RB5 induced a change of -52 to +49%, -38 to +9%, and -67 to -15% whereas, the AY induced a change of -54 to +36%, -34 to +24%, and -75 to -6% in respiration rate in sandy loam, loam and clay loam soils respectively during the same incubation time. The microbial biomass C (MBC) did not show any significant change in response to any azo dye in loam soil. Metabolic quotient indicated that the clay loam soil experienced the highest toxicity in response to DR and RB5 among the three soils. Overall, our study shows that not all the dyes are toxic to SOM cycling and that is dependent on the type of the azo dye as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development means that human societies survive and meet their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It is as if existing resources are to be preserved for future generations and the resources that we are running out of are to be reduced or used in such a way that they remain usable for a long time. In modern times, due to population expansion and overuse of natural resources, resources are dwindling day by day and the world's population is not benefiting from these resources. Therefor the concept of sustainable development has become very popular globally and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) also introduced the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2030) to ensure the balanced and sustainable economic and social development of human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is popular for its high medicinal value. It is a common table fruit and whole fruit contains important vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Four pomegranate varieties (Pearl, Golden, Sultan, and Qandhari) were analyzed in the Biochemistry laboratory of Post Harvest Research Centre, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad Pakistan during the year 2021-2022. The results showed that juice carried a remarkably higher value of TSS (total soluble solids) ranging from 12.4% (Pearl) to 17.2 % (Sultan), total invert sugars were minimum (11.8%) in Golden and maximum (14.3%) in Sultan. The value of vitamin-C varies from 10.6 mg/100 mL (Qandhari) to 11.5 mg/100 mL (Pearl) and acidity ranges from 0.8% (Sultan) to 1.9% (Pearl). Sultan showed a higher value for total phenols and antioxidants (1111µg GAE L-1 and 43.5% DPPH inhibition respectively) and lowest in Pearl (1022µg GAE L-1 and 27.7% respectively). Peel powder of different varieties carry a different percentage of crude fat and crude fiber but Sultan is statistically at par with Qandhari but significantly higher than pearl. Ash/mineral matter was significantly different in different varieties. Sultan was better than other varieties having ash contents of 3.67%. The lowest value was observed in Golden (2.7%). Keeping in view the current results Sultan was better than Pearl and Golden and comparable to Qandhari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]