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Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) using different plant extracts. The present study revealed that, antibacterial and CuO-NPs were synthesized using ecofriendly and non-toxic Balanites aegyptiaca stem bark extract. The biosynthesized CuO-NPs were characterized by using UV–Vis analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. In addition, the antibacterial activity of green synthesized CuO-NPs was tested using the agar well diffusion method against four bacterial pathogens “viz”: E. coli, V. cholerae, B. substilis and E. faecalis, which were responsible for causing severe infectious diseases in human being. CuO NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against the pathogen of B. subtilis i.e. 13 mm. Hence, CuO-NPs have the potential to be used as bactericidal component.

A sudden increase in life-threatening COVID-19 infections around the world inflicts global crisis and emotional trauma. In current study two druggable targets, namely SARS-COV-2 M pro and CCR-5 were selected due to their significant nature in the viral life cycle and cytokine molecular storm respectively. The systematic drug repurposing strategy has been utilized to recognize inhibitory mechanism through extensive in silico investigation of novel Maraviroc analogues as promising inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 M pro and CCR-5. The dual inhibition specificity approach implemented in present study using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), principal component analysis (PCA), free energy landscape (FEL) and MM/PBSA binding energy studies. The proposed Maraviroc analogues obtained from in silico investigation could be easily synthesized and constructive in developing significant drug against COVID-19 pandemic, with essentiality of their in vivo / in vitro evaluation to affirm the conclusions of this study. This will further fortify the concept of single drug targeting dual inhibition mechanism for treatment of COVID-19 infection and complications.