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BACKGROUND: Physiological hypercoagulability is a well-known condition in older populations, whereas thrombosis, especially in renal veins, is a rare occurrence in teenagers. This paper presents a pediatric case of renal venous infarction and thrombosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of an 11-year-old Chinese boy who presented with low back discomfort and was afraid to walk. Computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombosis in his renal veins and inferior vena cava. He was being treated for severe refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). He was treated with rivaroxaban and urokinase for thrombosis, and azithromycin for MPP. On day 2 after admission, his symptoms improved. Therefore, the dosage of rivaroxaban was decreased from 10 to 5 mg twice per day. On day 3 after admission, enhanced CT revealed new thromboses in the bilateral pulmonary trunks and arteries, inferior cava, right renal veins, bilateral common iliac veins, and internal iliac vein. The ultrasonography showed a strip hypoecho at the pulmonary artery bifurcation. All the above imaging suggested that antithrombotic therapy was insufficient. His plasma antithrombin (AT) III activity remained consistently low during hospitalization. The family history was re-examined and revealed that both his father and grandfather had experienced spontaneous pulmonary thrombosis around the age of 30. He was diagnosed with acquired and inherited thrombosis and inherited AT III deficiency. Following a medication regimen of piperacillin-tazobactam for 1 week and rivaroxaban (10 mg, twice daily), he was discharged and no thrombosis and other side effects or complications occurred in the following 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare case of a teenager with inherited and acquired hypercoagulability. For refractory MPP pediatric patients with thrombosis, clinicians should consider whether hereditary factors, such as inherited AT III deficiency, are involved in thrombosis.

Role of reactive species in the solar/chlorine process for elimination of diuron and risk of NDMA formation.

In this paper, a Gronwall inequality involving $ \psi $-fractional integral operator is obtained as a generalization of [23]. An example is listed to show the applications.

A UV-LED at a fixed wavelength is increasingly employed in the UV/chlorine process to degrade contaminants of emerging concern. However, degradation of contaminants and formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in post-chlorination would be significantly altered in the presence of nitrite because of the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). As nitrite has a maximum absorption at ∼350 nm, its impact on the performance of the UV-LED365/chlorine process and subsequent formation of DBPs was investigated. The presence of nitrite in the UV365 irradiation process accelerated the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), while slightly inhibiting the degradation of BPA in the UV365/chlorine process; nitrite in UV365 and UV365/chlorine processes resulted in the non-negligible formation of trichloronitromethane (TCNM). The concentration of generated DBPs and the corresponding cytotoxicity and genotoxicity all changed because of the presence of nitrite; the concentrations of nitrite, pH, and UV fluence were important factors for the formation of TCNM during the UV365/chlorine/nitrite process. Therefore, the impact of nitrite on the TCNM formation in the UV-LED365/chlorine process is worth noting.

Building Z-scheme heterojunction systems is a high-efficiency pathway to improve the utilization of visible light.

It is extremely important to promote angiogenesis-dependent osteogenesis and ameliorate bone loss for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP) development. Vitexin, as one of the major active components in pigeonpea leave, promoted the proliferation of osteoblast and HUVECs in hypoxia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitexin on alleviating osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and further explore its underlying mechanisms. Herein, the OVX rat model was established and treated with vitexin (10 mg kg

Background Depression is a psychiatric disorder with global public health concerns. Although a number of risk factors have been identified for depression, there is no clear relationship between biochemistry and depression. In this study, we assessed whether depressive disorders are significantly associated with biochemical indicators. Methods Our study included 17,561 adults (age ≥ 18 years) participating in the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationship between depression and biochemical and obesity indicators was analyzed by logistic regression. Results As compared to the control group, men with depression showed significantly higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, and triglycerides, and lower levels of albumin and total bilirubin. The depressed group had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, bicarbonate, and sodium than the control group. Conclusion Several biochemical and anthropometric indices were associated with depression in this study. It would be interesting to further analyze their cause-effect relationship. Limitations This study is a cross-sectional study. The population is less restricted and does not exclude people with diabetes, pregnancy, etc., so it is less significant for a specific population. Dietary information was not included, as diet plays an important role in many indicators.

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have been found to be frequently associated with secondary liver injury (SLI). In this study, we investigated the protective effect of GA on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced SLI in mice and its mechanism. The SLI was established by adding 4% DSS in the drinking water of mice, and the effects of GA (5, 20 mg/kg, p.o., once a day for 7 days) in hepatic tissues were analyzed. HepG2 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to detect the effect of GA on ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism. Pathological damage was determined by HE. Liver parameters (AST and ALT), antioxidant enzyme activities (MDA and SOD), and the level of Fe

Organic chloramines formed in chlorination of algae-containing water are typical precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DPBs). The objective to simultaneously enhance the removal efficiency of organic chloramines and control DBP formation remains a challenge. In this study, we report a two-step chlorination strategy for transferring organic chloramines to monochloramine based on the decomposition mechanisms of mono- and di-organic chloramines, which could limit organic chloramines formation and inhibit N-DBPs formation. We demonstrated that two-step chlorination could decrease the organic chloramines formation by nearly 50% than conventional one-step chlorination. Furthermore, two-step chlorination not only blocked the pathway that organic chloramines decomposed to nitriles, but also led to the conversion of organic chloramines to monochloramine. During two-step chlorination of algal organic matter, the organic chloramine transfer proportion decreased by 6.5% and the monochloramine transfer proportion increased by 17.0%. The N-DBP formation, especially haloacetonitriles (HANs), decreased significantly as organic nitrogen became inorganic nitrogen (monochloramine) in two-step chlorination. This work further clarified the process from algal organic matter to N-DBPs, which could expand our understanding of algae-derived organic chloramines removal and DBPs control.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a serious systemic infectious disease. This study aimed to investigate the application of the clearance rate of interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein for the evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy in adult bacterial BSI without other inflammatory factors.Patients with positive blood culture and without other inflammatory factors in The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019, who received continuous detection interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, were selected. The clearance rate of these inflammatory markers was calculated, and the consistency test (kappa test) was performed to analyze the clinical outcomes (cure, improvement, delay, deterioration, or death).For adult patients with bacterial BSI without other inflammatory factors, the testing speculation based on the clearance rate of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was consistent with the clinical outcome of the patients, with kappa values of 0.784 and 0.714, respectively (P=0.000). The testing speculation based on the procalcitonin clearance rate was generally consistent with the clinical outcome, with a kappa value of 0.685 (P=0.000). The testing speculation based on the procalcitonin clearance rate showed good consistency with the clinical outcome of patients with Gram-positive cocci infection, kappa =0.813 (P=0.000); for patients with gram-negative bacilli infection, the consistency of clinical outcomes was general, kappa =0.649 (P=0.000).In adult patients with bacterial BSI without other inflammatory factors, the clearance rate of interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein can predict the clinical outcome within 24 hours, among which the procalcitonin clearance rate can better predict the clinical outcome of patients with Gram-negative bacilli infection. This approach can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-infection treatment in early-stage BSI.

Formation of unknown chlorinated disinfection byproducts (Cl-DBPs) during chlorination gradually raised great concern, and pre-oxidation was considered as an efficient method to minimize Cl-DBP formation. In this study, pre-ozonation of algal organic matter was investigated, to explore its impacts on Cl-DBP formation and acute toxicity during subsequent chlorination. With fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis, the conversion of algal organic matter in chlorination with/without pre-ozonation was tracked. The results show that pre-ozonation reduced the formation of trichloromethane (TCM), yet the species and intensity of unknown Cl-DBPs were significantly increased in subsequent chlorination. Meanwhile, the solution acute toxicity was higher in chlorination with pre-ozonation than in chlorination only. Besides, molecular properties of these unknown Cl-DBPs were further explored and featured. One-chlorine-containing DBPs were unsaturated high molecular-weight compounds with more CH

This paper explores the relationship between the clinical value of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in lung cancer tissue and its diagnosis and severity. Totally 100 patients who were clinically diagnosed with lung cancer from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled in our study. They were assigned into two groups according to the presence of lymph node metastasis. The VASP levels were measured by flow cytometry. The correlation between the expression of VASP in tumor tissue and the clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients was analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of plasma VASP with squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), prosecretin-releasing peptide (proGRP), and lung cancer was analyzed. The results were compared with APACHE III score to evaluate the accuracy of VASP in determining the severity of patients. This paper finds that the value of VASP in the non-lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group, and the VASP level in the lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in the non-lymph node metastasis group and the healthy control group (all p values p value p values 0.05). Similar accuracy was observed in VASP and APACHE III score in predicting mortality of lung cancer (84.37% vs. 85.77%, p value>0.05). This paper concludes that the level of VASP correlates to the severity of the lung cancer and survival of the patients.

Organic chloramines posed significant risks to drinking water safety. However, the formation mechanism of algae-derived organic chloramines remained unclear. In this study, it was observed that pre-oxidation of algal suspensions increased organic chloramine formation during chlorination. Compared to KMnO

Purpose. To investigate the clinical value of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in diagnosis and severity assessment of lung cancer. Methods. In this observational study, 50 physical examination healthy subjects were included in the control group and 100 lung cancer patients were included in the study group. In the study group, 53 cases with pleural effusion were subgrouped to the pleural effusion group (n = 53), while 47 patients were assigned to the nonpleural effusion group (n = 47). Plasma cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of all eligible subjects were collected and compared. Results. The study group showed significantly higher levels of plasma cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ versus healthy subjects ( P < 0.05 ). Deterioration of lung cancer was associated with increased plasma cytokine levels and APACHE II scores. The combination assay of the above plasma cytokines showed significantly better diagnostic efficacy for lung cancer versus the single assay of the cytokines. Dead patients had higher plasma cytokine levels versus survived patients. The accuracy of plasma IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels in the severity assessment of lung cancer was comparable with that of the APACHE II scale. Conclusion. The plasma cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ are effective markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined assay contributes to the early diagnosis of lung cancer patients, and the persistent elevation of cytokines suggests an increased risk of death in lung cancer patients, so the detection of cytokine levels facilitates the severity assessment of lung cancer.

A recent study of patients undergoing implant surgery showed a significant increase in the prevalence of peri-implant disease, with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis predominating. Peri-implant disease mostly appears after several years of implant use. Currently, the diagnosis of peri-implant disease relies on peri-implant soft tissue exploration and imaging, but abnormalities in these indicators only occur when tissue destruction has already occurred and cannot predict whether an implant has the potential to develop peri-implant disease. Therefore, the early diagnosis of peri-implant disease remains challenging and early diagnosis is important to achieve a good prognosis. Gingival crevicular fluid is a biological exudate present in the gingival crevicular, which is mainly derived from serum and contains metabolic components of bacteria and host cells. Gingival crevicular fluid is considered to be an important diagnostic material and its biomarkers can be used as reaction indicators to determine the development of the disease. In this paper, we describe the progress and effectiveness of research on the use of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of peri-implant disease, intending to provide a reference for subsequent studies.

Due to the complexity and diverse causes, the pathological mechanism of diet-induced colonic injury and colitis remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effects of the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) plus alcohol on colonic injury in mice. We found HFD plus alcohol treatment induced disturbance of the gut microbiota; increased the production of intestinal toxins lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indole, and skatole; destroyed the stability of the intestinal mucosa; and caused the colonic epithelial cells damage through the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) signaling pathways. To mimic the effect of HFD plus alcohol in vivo, NCM460 cells were stimulated with alcohol and oleic acid with/without intestinal toxins (LPS, indole, and skatole) in vitro. Combinative treatment of alcohol and oleic acid caused moderate damage on NCM460 cells, while combination with intestinal toxins induced serious cell apoptosis. Western blot data indicated that the activation of NF-κB and AhR pathways further augmented after intestinal toxins treatment in alcohol- and oleic acid-treated colonic cells. This study provided new evidence for the relationship between diet pattern and colonic inflammation, which might partly reveal the pathological development of diet-induced colon disease and the involvement of intestinal toxins.

This study explored the risk of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) formation during chlorination of the nitrite-containing water after pre-chlorination and subsequent UV irradiation (i.e., the chlorine-UV process). The competitive reaction between amino acid (AA) and NO

Pre-oxidation has been reported to be an effective way to remove algal cells in water, but the released algal organic matter (AOM) could be oxidized and lead to the increment in disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. The relationship between pre-oxidation and AOM-derived DBP formation needs to be approached more precisely. This study compared the impact of four pre-oxidants, ozone (O

β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a cyanobacterial neurotoxin associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, and its removal in drinking water is receiving increasing attention. In this study, the degradation of BMAA in UV/peracetic acid (UV/PAA) system was investigated. BMAA degradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The synergistic effect of UV and PAA exhibited a great potential for BMAA degradation, which was attributed to the generation of a large number of reactive radicals, of which R-C

Asperuloside is a natural compound extracted from various herbs with several bioactivities. Its effects on anti-inflammation and anti-tumor indicated that asperuloside might prevent colorectal cancer developing from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). But there were few reports about the efficacy and mechanism of asperuloside on improving colorectal cancer. It has been reported that vitamin D receptor (VDR) could regulate the expression of SMAD3. In previous study, asperuloside could significantly improve the expression of VDR and reduced Smad3 mRNA in IEC-6 cell.The present study was aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of asperuloside on inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colitis associated cancer.First, in LPS-injured IEC-6 cell, asperuloside inhibited phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) level, improved VDR expression and reduced Smad3 mRNA. Second, we wonder the relationship between VDR signaling and nucleus factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling during asperuloside on reducing Smad3 mRNA. And then, the effect of asperuloside on inhibiting EMT development through VDR/Smad3 was investigated. Finally, we testified the effect of asperuloside on protecting against colitis associated cancer (CAC) by inhibiting EMT development through VDR/Smad3.Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC) was used for established NF-κB-inhibited IEC-6 cell. This cell was applied for investigating the relationship between NF-κB and VDR of asperuloside on inhibiting Smad3. VDR-inhibited cell was established by small interfering RNA (siRNA) of VDR and was employed to investigate the role of VDR for asperuloside on decreasing Smad3. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) was used for inducing EMT/fibrosis in IEC-6 cell. TGFβ1-stimulated cell was used for testifying the effect of asperuloside on inhibiting EMT development. AOM/DSS-induced CAC was established to investigate the effect of asperuloside on suppressing cancer development.Asperuloside inhibited the level of p-p65 which was up-regulated by LPS. Asperuloside could up-regulate VDR signaling and reduce Smad3 mRNA in NF-κB-knockdown IEC-6 cells. Asperuloside failed to reduce Smad3 mRNA due to VDR knockdown, which implied that asperuloside might down-regulate Smad3 mRNA dependently on activation of VDR signaling and independently on inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Asperuloside exhibited significant prevention of EMT development in TGFβ1-induced IEC-6 cell (EMT cell) and mice CAC. Asperuloside reduced the transform of epithelial phenotype into motile mesenchymal phenotype in EMT cell along with decreasing levels of EMT markers by inhibiting Smad3 mRNA via activation of VDR. In mice with CAC, expression of VDR in colon was improved by asperuloside. Symptoms of colitis, tumor number and tumor size were significantly inhibited by asperuloside. Suppressed EMT development was determined by reduced α-SMA expression and decreased mRNAs of several EMT markers.Asperuloside might prevent CAC through inhibiting EMT development via regulation of VDR/Smad3 pathway.

Simultaneous removal of chlorite (ClO2−) and organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) by the irradiation of UV is a novel process. In this study we used UV light emitting diode (UV-LED) as a new UV source to systematically investigate the effect of UV wavelength (255, 285, 365 nm) on the simultaneous removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and ClO2−. Removal of both CBZ and ClO2− followed the order of 255, 285, and 365 nm. Formation of hydroxyl radical and reactive chlorine species (RCS) were confirmed during the photolysis of ClO2− using probe compounds. RCS were always the predominant contributor to the degradation of CBZ in UV-LED/ClO2− system. The impacts of ClO2− dosage, pH, bicarbonate/carbonate (HCO3−/CO32−), and the effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on CBZ degradation were also evaluated. This study identified the products produced by CBZ through possible degradation pathways during the transformation process. Further, the amount of ClO2− may affect the amount of chlorate produced in UV/ClO2− system. Overall, our research provides an in-depth analysis of the effects of UV wavelength on the simultaneous removal of ClO2− and OMPs in water.

Copper ion (Cu2+), a common corrosion product released from copper pipes, is widely present in water distribution system (WDS). Cu2+ was confirmed to be capable to catalyze the decay of monochloramine (NH2Cl), which is a commonly used disinfectant and need to maintain a minimum concentration in WDS. Cu2+ and NH2Cl form a system in WDS and their interaction with other substances in WDS is unclear. In this study, the performance of Cu2+/NH2Cl system on degradation of trace pollutants, taking carbamazepine (CBZ) as an example, in WDS was investigated, and significant promotion on CBZ degradation was observed. The acceleration was due to the generation of Cl , OH and other oxidants, which were identified by scavenge experiments. CBZ degradation in Cu2+/NH2Cl system was highly pH-dependent, because the catalytic effect of Cu2+ can only work at low pH (Cu2+ precipitating at pH > 6.0). The removal of CBZ increased with the concentration of Cu2+ increasing. Water matrix (NOM, HCO3− and Br−) can inhibit the removal of CBZ in Cu2+/NH2Cl system. Further, five disinfection byproducts (DBPs), namely, trichloromethane (TCM), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dichloroacetone (DCP), trichloronitromethane (TCNM) and trichloroacetone (TCP), were detected in chloramination in the presence/absence of Cu2+. Compared with chloramination without Cu2+, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of formed DBPs increased significantly in the presence of Cu2+, indicating that the chemical safety in WDS deserves more attention.

Release of algal organic matter (AOM) from algae poses great threats to drinking water safety. As organic nitrogen in AOM is relatively higher compared to natural organic matter (NOM), the organic chloramine formation during chlorination cause overestimation of effective chlorine, which may lead to a biological risk. This study compared the organic chloramine formation from AOM and NOM, and confirmed that AOM tend to form more organic chloramines during chlorination. Furthermore, it was found that hydrophilic fraction and high molecular weight (>100 kDa) fraction of AOM generated major organic chloramines due to a high content of protein. Based on the results of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between molecular composition of AOM and organic chloramine formation. Notably, molecules with high correlation to organic chloramine formation located in a triangle region of van Krevelen diagram, which is a typical area of peptides. Therefore, it indicates that the precursors of organic chloramine in AOM are mainly proteins/peptides, and appropriate treatment processes (e.g., biological treatment or membrane filtration) should be addressed to effectively remove the precursors before chlorination.