Search

Currently, experts have noted the need to search for new research methods based on the selection of the most stable anatomical landmarks for the graphic construction of dental arches of the milk bite and the assessment of their effectiveness in clinical practice. A retrospective biometric study of 27 pairs of plaster models of mammary bite jaws with their optimal functional occlusive relationships was carried out to develop diagnostic methods. Orthodontic treatment of 15 children with congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region was carried out by fixed arc equipment. Based on the analysis of biometrics, methods for the graphic construction of dental arches were developed. The first method was based on the laws of circle geometry (the prototype of the A.M. Schwarz method) and the calculation of the radius of the circle along its length (L = 2R). To the sum of the crowns of 10 milk teeth, the value of the diastem component (in our case, 9 mm) was added and the length of the semicircle was obtained, which was enough to divide by the number and get the magnitude of the radius of the circle. The effectiveness of treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and alveolar process is shown. Analysis of dental arch biometric data showed that on the side of the cleft, the distance from the conditional sagittal to the milk canine was (11.52 0.93) mm before treatment, and after treatment, the studied parameter was (16.39 0.64) mm (p ˂ 0.05). On the cotrlateral side, the difference in the change in the position of the canine was not significant and in the dynamics of treatment changed from (14.93 0.79) mm to (16.27 0.84) mm (p ˃ 0.05). The diagonals of the dental arches (central-molar) on both sides after treatment were (35.52 1.13) mm. Thus, taking into account the data obtained, it was concluded that the graphic reproduction of the dental arch of the milk bite in the treatment of children with anomalies of the dental arches was made.

The analysis of textbook and modern literature sources devoted to the graphic construction of human dental arches was carried out in order to select the optimal research methods, taking into account the individual characteristics of the craniofacial morphology. The features of the construction of dental arches according to the Hawley method are presented and the possibilities of using this technique only for some types of dental arches are shown. Information is given on the amendments to the calculations of the radius of the Hawley circle, taking into account the geometric laws of the circle. Attention is paid to the shape of the dental arch of the milky period of the bite and the possibility of using the Schwartz method in children only with optimal occlusive ratios without signs of anomalies of the dentition-jaw system is noted. Amendments to the A. Schwartz method are presented, taking into account the size of the teeth and the size of the diastem component. The method for determining the size of the dental arches by the parameters of diagnostic triangles and the dental pentagon is shown. Methods of graphic construction of predicted forms of arcs with their anomalies, as well as with defects of long length, including complete adentia, are presented. This analysis can be useful to orthopedic dentists and orthodontists when choosing methods of prosthetic and orthodontic treatment.

In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical diagnostic laboratories conducting a test for the presence of coronavirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in most cases, work with significant overload. Performing professional duties in these conditions imposes special requirements on medical personnel. First of all, this concerns the parameters of systemic hemodynamics as an objective criterion of health risk. The study aims to analyze the state of systemic hemodynamics in medical workers of PCR laboratories when working in the conditions of the COVID–19 pandemic when using personal protective equipment against a biological factor. The researchers have conducted the study in the winter period of the year in PCR laboratories for the diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection. The observation group included 33 people aged 32.5±1.44 years and 1–33 months of experience in the PCR laboratory. We have evaluated the key parameters of systemic hemodynamics, heart rate variability and the degree of oxygen saturation in the blood of laboratory staff. The authors have carried out measurements at the beginning and end of the work shift. There was a significant increase in heart rate (by 3.7%), minute heart volume (by 5.2%), myocardial oxygen consumption (by 5.6%) at the end of the work shift compared with its beginning. The values of these parameters of systemic hemodynamics remained within the normal range. At the same time, the increase in the values of these indicators indicates a significant strain on self-regulatory mechanisms and the development of fatigue. When using personal protective equipment against a biological factor, the tension of the systemic mechanisms of hemodynamic self-regulation in medical workers of PCR laboratories increases. The degree of severity of the tension of these mechanisms significantly depends on the features of the functional state of the cardiovascular system and vegetative status. At the same time, it is necessary to provide a physiological and hygienic justification for the duration of the periods of work of medical workers of PCR laboratories when using various types of personal protective equipment against a biological factor, which justifies the relevance of further research. Limitations. The results of this study were obtained on a relatively small sample. Therefore, in order to increase its representativeness, it is necessary to increase the number of participants, which will allow leveling the existing restrictions. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical standards set out in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 with additions of 2008. The study participants signed a form of "Informed Voluntary consent to conduct a study", developed in accordance with the requirements of the local ethics committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Volga State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. Currently, a significant increase in diseases of the oral mucosa, manifested by inflammatory and destructive lesions, has been revealed. To determine the correct tactics for the treatment of inflammatory and destructive lesions in lichen planus, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the situation in the oral cavity, taking into account planimetry data, the size of the inflammatory background, the presence of exudate, the severity of pain syndrome, and also include criteria for the stages of the lesion in the evaluation system, which requires a personalized and differentiated approach to patient management tactics. The purpose of this work was to develop and substantiate a hardware and software complex for the diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. The study involved 34 patients with erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus. The patients were diagnosed with pathological elements of the oral mucosa using the developed hardware and soft-ware complex. Pain was determined (in points), the area of inflammation, the area of fibrinous plaque, the total area of the lesion for 14 days. Assessment of the stages of the pathological process contributed to the differentiated appointment of pharmaceuticals. According to the results of the clinical examination, the effectiveness of the hardware and software complex for the diagnosis of diseases of the oral mucosa has been proved and justified. Conclusion. During the study, it was reliably proved that the use of a hardware and software complex is advisable to include in the algorithm of examination of patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. No side effects and complications were detected. When drawing up a treatment plan, it is necessary to approach each patient individually, depending on the clinical situation.

The relevance of this work is due to the high prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa, which have a chronic protracted nature. Underdiagnosis of patients at a dental appointment often leads to complications of various kinds. The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for providing dental care to patients with diseases of the oral mucosa. 146 patients who applied for dental care took part in the examination. As a result of clinical examination and additional diagnostic methods, defects of the oral mucosa were detected in 19.8% of patients. The patients underwent a basic examination, the nature and intensity of pain on the Hossley-Bergman scale were determined, the area of erosive and ulcerative defects was calculated. Additional examination methods included electromyography and laser Doppler flowmetry. Electromyographic examination during the "bruxism" test made it possible to diagnose muscle hypertension, which is a predictor of the development of chronic injuries. Doppler flowmetry reflected the state and genesis of microcirculatory disorders of the oral mucosa. Thus, there is a decrease in the microcirculation parameter, the mean square deviation and the basal blood flow rate. Carrying out a full-fledged diagnostic complex allows both to identify the root causes of the development of pathologies, and to prescribe pathogenetic therapy taking into account the identified disorders. Timely diagnosis makes it possible to identify pathology at an early stage, which will prevent the development of a number of complications, such as the transition to a more severe form of the disease and malignancy of the decubital ulcer. Compliance by dentists with the algorithm of providing medical care to patients with diseases of the oral mucosa will allow timely identification and elimination of the etiological factor, timely restoration of the functions of the oral mucosa, normalize the functional state of the body.

Background: Sanitary and hygienic well-being of the air environment of closed premises for various purposes is the most important direction in preventing the spread of infections with an aerosol mechanism of pathogen transmission. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative method of reducing microbial indoor air contamination in auditoriums using a film absorber of original design. Materials and methods: We investigated microbial contamination of indoor air in medical university auditoriums in the cold (January-February 2021) and warm (April 2021) seasons of the year. We also tested the efficiency of air purification using a specially designed film absorber with and without an aqueous solution of lithium chloride added as an active substance. The microbial air contamination was monitored during the academic day under various modes of the device operation. Air sampling and testing were carried out using certified methods. Results: Our findings showed the presence of 2 to 4-component associations of microorganisms in most collected indoor air samples. Higher levels of microbial contamination in auditoriums were observed in the cold season of the year. A decrease in microbial air contamination after classes by 0–38 % was detected following 30 minutes of the absorber operation in the general ventilation mode and by 80–99 % after operating it with the active substance added. Conclusion: Test results demonstrate high efficiency of the method of reducing microbial air contamination in auditoriums using the film absorber of original design.

The interest taken in studying pathomorphological and pathophysiological mechanisms behind periodontal inflammation affecting children with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) can be accounted for by the disease high prevalence, risk of its progression, as well as morphological and functional immaturity of tissues and low effectiveness of the available treatment options. The study into the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in the gum and oral fluid biopsy material in children with UCTD is of both scientific and practical value in terms of diagnostic identification, disease course assessment, and the design of individualized treatment modes for periodontal diseases. In order to determine the specific features of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 expression, our study involved 61 children with periodontal diseases and various degrees of UCTD, as well as 27 healthy children with intact periodontium. The study implied analyzing the participants’ immune-histochemical studies of gum biopsy material and oral fluid enzyme immunoassay results. The enzyme immunoassay of MMP concentration in the oral fluid revealed that children with a prominent degree of UCTD, had their MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 expression (medians 5.49 ng/ml, 478.4 ng/ml, 921.6 ng/ml, respectively) exceeding significantly the concentration of these enzymes in children whose degree of UCTD could be described as mild (medians 2.76 ng/ml, 317.1 ng/ml, 584.3 ng/ml, respectively). An analysis of the MMP expression in the gum biopsy material showed that MMP-2 is not a reliable indicator to offer data required to assess the clinical status of periodontal tissues, since it is detected both in healthy children with intact periodontium and in children with periodontal disease and the UCTD syndrome. MMP-8 and MMP-9 can provide an objective description of the active phase of periodontium inflammation, which means these enzymes should be considered as reliable biomarkers of inflammation activity at the disease manifestation stage. Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 the expression in oral fluid and gum biopsy material in children with UCTD syndrome should be used to identify the periodontium structural and functional status, the nature of inflammation, to detect potential risk groups vulnerable to the development of periodontal diseases, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various schemes for comprehensive treatment of periodontal issues.

Based on the results of the analysis of profile photostatic images of 96 people aged 18–25 years with physiological types of bite, the main anthropometric landmarks were determined and the position of the lips relative to the nasal line passing through the “n” point (nasion) and the “sn” point (subnasale) was studied. Depending on the size of the interincisal angle of the antagonistic medial incisors, which determine whether they belong to the trusive type of dental arches, patients were divided into three groups with mesotrusion (n=37), protrusive (n=34) and retrusion (n=25) types of dental arches. It was found that in almost all patients of the first group, the upper lip touches the nasal line, and the lower lip recedes slightly backwards, while the average value of the incisal angle is 135.24±3.09°. In most patients of the second group, the upper and lower lips are located anterior to the nasal line, and the average inter-incisal angle is 116.24±3.02°. Mostly in patients of the third group, the upper and lower lips were located behind the nasal line, and the average values of the incisal angle were 146.24±3.34°. The data obtained expand the understanding of the topography of the facies contour of the upper and lower lips with various types of dental arches, are of applied importance for assessing the harmony of the aesthetic profile of the soft tissues of the face, and are also criteria for the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients with dentoalveolar pathology, taking into account the individual characteristics of the maxillofacial region.

The greatest increase in the frequency of occurrence was noted among diseases of the oral mucosa, especially lichen planus (LP). This dictates the need to study the features of LP monitoring and routing of patient data. Currently, the national project «Healthcare» implies, in addition to the main medical federal projects, organizational and digital directions for the development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to conduct a sociological study of monitoring and routing of patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an anonymous survey of 287 dentists was conducted on the provision of dental therapeutic care to patients with LP SP using a questionnaire developed by us, consisting of 35 questions of clinical, organizational and social aspects. Results and discussion. Specialist doctors noted the need to consult patients using telemedicine technologies, to create an objective way to monitor the pathological process in LP. Conclusion. Dental treatment, aimed not only at eliminating symptomatic factors, but also carried out from the standpoint of preventive medicine, is one of the urgent tasks today. Dentists are acutely aware of the lack of computerized methods for monitoring and routing patients with LP SBP, which should be the goal of the developed medical complexes.

Introduction. Lichen planus occupies a leading position (50-75%) in the structure of OM pa-thology in the population of the Russian Federation. Recently, the structure of diseases of the oral mucosa has undergone significant changes in the direction of the growth of erosive and ulcerative mucosal lesions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of lichen planus of the oral mucosa in residents of Volgograd. Materials and methods. Based on a retro-spective analysis of the accounting and reporting documentation of a dentist-therapist, a study was made of 1896 medical records of a dental patient (form 043y) who applied to polyclinics for various diseases of the oral mucosa in the period 2019 - 2021. and patients referred to the advisory council on diseases of the oral mucosa of the Department of Dentistry INMFO. Re-sults and discussion. LP occupies a leading place in the overall structure of the pathology of the oral mucosa. There is a correlation with age - middle-aged patients (44-59 years) are especial-ly susceptible to this disease. There is a sharp increase in the incidence of LP OAM in 2021 with moderate rates of its growth in 2020, which can be explained by the current epidemiologi-cal situation regarding a new coronavirus infection. Conclusion. Analysis of the results of the study indicates a high prevalence of LP OAM in the middle-aged population of Volgograd. An increase in the number of patients with erosive-ulcerative form of LP in dynamics was revealed, which may be associated with disorders of the body's immune system as a result of a corona-virus infection. It is required to develop and put into practice effective and affordable methods for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory-destructive lesions of the oral mucosa.

An important step in the development of modern orthodontics in the treatment of patients with dental anomalies and deformities is the achievement of a balanced balance between morphology, function and aesthetics, that is, an individual harmonious state in the maxillofacial region. Determining the optimal form of the dental arch, which will correspond to the individual parameters of the patient, will normalize occlusal relationships, improve morphological, functional and aesthetic results, reducing the likelihood of recurrence of occlusal pathology. The purpose of this work was to analyze the modern literature on the issue of the currently existing classical and modern methods of mathematical and graphical modeling of dental arches in various physiological and pathological conditions of the maxillofacial region. From a critical point of view, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the presented methods are considered. To date, significant theoretical and clinical material has been accumulated, aiming for further research using computer technology, taking into account the individual parameters of the gnathic part of the face. The opinions of experts are inclined to believe that before modeling the shape of the predicted dental arch, it is necessary to determine the dental and arcade type of the dental arch and its correspondence to the diagonal and gnathic type of the face of the same name.

Introduction. Patients with lichen planus are a complex group that requires not only individual diagnosis and treatment of pathology, but also interdisciplinary interaction of medical specialists, a differentiated objective approach. In connection with the foregoing, is the introduction of telemedicine technologies in the routing scheme for patients with lichen planus. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine technologies when they are included in the routing scheme for patients with lichen planus. Materials and methods. 29 patients with lichen planus were consulted using telemedicine technologies in the mode of deferred consultations. The following forms of lichen planus were identified: typical, exudative-hyperemic, erosive-ulcerative, hyperkeratotic, bullous, atypical. After receiving and studying the documents of patients with lichen planus, the staff of the Department of Dentistry prepared medical reports in electronic form to determine and correct the patient management scheme and recommendations for the dentist. After telemedicine consultations, this type of technology was assessed when they were included in the routing scheme for patients with lichen planus. Results and discussion. When studying the forms of lichen planus requiring consultation using telemedicine, we identified the greatest difficulty in managing a patient with erosive-ulcerative and bullous forms. The tasks of telemedicine requests were: confirmation of the diagnosis of mucosal disease, clarification of the need for laboratory methods for diagnosing the disease, discussion of the patient management scheme. Conclusion. The obtained results of remote consultation of patients with pathology of the oral mucosa confirm the effectiveness of the use of telemedicine technologies. All of the above indicates the need to optimize the routing scheme for patient data with the inclusion of a protocol for conducting telemedicine consultations.

Through the transitional bite period, the variability of the dental arch shape and size is due to the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones, which feature different odontometric values. The aim of this study was to identify the main linear and angular parameters of dental arches, in view of the trusive position of the incisors with optimal functional occlusion. A stratified study was involved 76 children ages 8–12 years old, who were divided into three groups (protrusive, retrusive and mesotrusive dental arches). An analysis of cone-beam computed tomograms and plaster models of jaws was carried out, which was preceded by obtaining informed consents according to the Ethics Committee requirements. The study revealed certain features of the variant anatomy of transitional occlusion dental arch. The calculated factors allowed identifying the proportionality of the dental arch parameters to odontometric indicators. During that, the dental-diagonal factor (the ratio of the dental arch length to the incisor-molar diagonals) for the upper jaw was 1.06±0.01, for the lower arch being equal to 1.09±0.01, in all types of dental arches, which is a fact to be used in clinical orthography to predict the location of the dental arch incisor (central) point in case of shape anomalies, specifically in the anterior part. The angular parameters of the diagnostic dental pentagon will allow simulating the geometric and graphical construction of arches through the transitional occlusion period.

Medical errors in dentistry are a complex problem. There is no unambiguous and comprehensive definition of this concept. The article examines the existing classifications of medical errors, discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Possible alternative classifications of medical errors for objective and subjective reasons, for medical and non-medical factors influencing diagnosis and treatment, according to the severity of the harm done to the patient are considered. Medicine is developing, so the term "medical error" requires not just a modern view, but also official recognition as a problem. It is necessary to supplement and clarify it, for ease of use in official medical documents.

The purpose of this review of the current literature on the problem of longevity was to analyze approaches and actions in the field of public health to ensure professional longevity. The extension of a person's ability to work is carried out by maintaining individual vitality through the receipt of medical services, as well as compensating for the functional ability that decreases with age by using measures and technologies that facilitate working conditions. This prolongation of professional longevity is based on dynamic monitoring of a person's psychosomatic status and the creation of conditions for professional development. Expansion of the scope of periodic medical examinations, corporate programs for maintaining the ability to work, timely medical and rehabilitation measures, innovative personal protective equipment for the musculoskeletal system are most effective within a holistic methodology. The analysis of the literature shows the feasibility of further research aimed at extending professional longevity by substantiating systemic measures at the state level with the full participation of employers and the broad involvement of the employees themselves, as well as the relevance of developing a methodology for extending professional longevity based on maintaining health and performance, covering career guidance, formation and development professional qualities.

A review of the literature on the methods of biometric diagnostics was conducted. The aim of the work was to analyze the classical and modern methods of odonometrics and biometrics of dental arches. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed the feasibility of conducting additional research, using modern ideas about the options for the shape and size of dental arches. The analysis is devoted not only to the clarification of data on the individual norm, but also to diagnose various forms of anomalies and deformations of dental arches in different directions. This review will help researchers determine the best methods of biometrics in the study of certain types of dental arches. In addition, clinicians can choose biometric methods for predicting dental arches, which must be guided in the treatment of patients, choose the design of orthodontic devices and dentures, taking into account the requirements of individual medicine.