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The coordinated rehabilitation of the upper limb is important for the recovery of the daily living abilities of stroke patients. However, the guidance of the joint coordination model is generally lacking in the current robot-assisted rehabilitation. Modular robots with soft joints can assist patients to perform coordinated training with safety and compliance. In this study, a novel coordinated path planning and impedance control method is proposed for the modular exoskeleton elbow–wrist rehabilitation robot driven by pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). A convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model is established to describe the coordination relationship of the upper limb joints, so as to generate adaptive trajectories conformed to the coordination laws. Guided by the planned trajectory, an impedance adjustment strategy is proposed to realize active training within a virtual coordinated tunnel to achieve the robot-assisted upper limb coordinated training. The experimental results showed that the CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network can effectively quantify the coordinated relationship between the upper limb joints, and the impedance control method ensures that the robotic assistance path is always in the virtual coordination tunnel, which can improve the movement coordination of the patient and enhance the rehabilitation effectiveness.

The rational design and synthesis of carbon nanocages with highly complex porous structures are continuously facing challenges in the development of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). The electrochemical performance characteristics of electrodes rely on their compositions and fabrication methods. Here, we propose a universal and efficient approach for the in-situ synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on porous carbonized wood, where the selective utilization of hexacarbonyl molybdenum protects the structural integrity of the ZIF-8 precursor, preventing collapse during thermal treatment. The subsequent pyrolysis process leads to the formation of small-sized molybdenum carbide (MoC) which are embedded in carbon nanocages (CN). The composite electrode consists of MoC/CN embedded in a porous carbonized wood (PCW), and it shows area-specific capacity of 9.7F cm -2 and 9.4 F cm -2 at 5 mA cm -2 and 30 mA cm -2 , respectively. Subsequently, the symmetric supercapacitor, with two MoC/CN@PCW electrodes exhibits a areal specific capacitance of 2.7 F cm -2 at 5 mA cm -2 . Moreover, this supercapacitor maintains an capacitance retention rate of 98.5 % after 12,000 discharge cycles. The supercapacitor exhibits a power density of 6.5 mW cm -2 , resulting in an energy density of 0.864 mWh cm -2 . Therefore, the utilization of wood-based electrodes holds promise for energy storage systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP), characterized by acute changes in blood pressure with changes in dietary sodium intake, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in people with and without hypertension. We previously found that elevated sodium concentration activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), resulting in high blood pressure, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we hypothesized that APC-specific JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and SMAD3 (small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) contributes to SSBP., Methods: We performed bulk or single-cell transcriptomic analyses following in vitro monocytes exposed to high salt and in vivo high sodium treatment in humans using a rigorous salt-loading/depletion protocol to phenotype SSBP. We also used a myeloid cell-specific CD11c + JAK2 knockout mouse model and measured blood pressure with radiotelemetry after N-omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester and a high salt diet treatment. We used flow cytometry for immunophenotyping and measuring cytokine levels. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to spatially visualize the kidney's immune cells and cytokine levels. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function., Results: We found that high salt treatment upregulates gene expression of the JAK/STAT/SMAD pathway while downregulating inhibitors of this pathway, such as suppression of cytokine signaling and cytokine-inducible SH2, in human monocytes. Expression of the JAK2 pathway genes mirrored changes in blood pressure after salt loading and depletion in salt-sensitive but not salt-resistant humans. Ablation of JAK2, specifically in CD11c + APCs, attenuated salt-induced hypertension in mice with SSBP. Mechanistically, we found that SMAD3 acted downstream of JAK2 and STAT3, leading to increased production of highly reactive isolevuglandins and proinflammatory cytokine IL (interleukin)-6 in renal APCs, which activate T cells and increase production of IL-17A, IL-6, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)., Conclusions: Our findings reveal the APC JAK2 signaling pathway as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of SSBP in humans., Competing Interests: None.

In this study, the Pb-resistant Ensifer adhaerens strain S24, which contains quorum sensing (QS) systems responsible for N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production, was investigated for QS system-mediated Pb stabilization and the underlying mechanisms. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed the QS SinI/R and TraI/R systems in strain S24. Subsequently, strains S24 and the S24∆sinI/R, S24∆traI/R, S24∆traI/R/sinR, and S24∆sinI/R-traI/R/sinR mutants were constructed and compared for QS SinI/SinR-TraI/TraR system-mediated Pb stabilization in the solution and the mechanisms involved. After 5 days of incubation, strain S24 significantly decreased the Pb concentration in the Pb-contaminated solution compared with the mutants. The S24∆sinI/R-traI/R/sinR mutant exhibited reduced Pb stabilization and AHL activity than the other mutants. The S24∆sinI/R-traI/R/sinR mutant had significantly greater Pb concentrations in the solution and lower cell surface-adsorbed and extracellular precipitated Pb (PbS) contents as well as lower expression of H 2 S-producing genes of metC and sseA than did strain S24. Furthermore, the S24∆sinI/R-traI/R/sinR mutant displayed reduced interactions between the hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and ether groups and Pb, compared with strain S24. These findings implied the vital role of the SinI/SinR-TraI/TraR systems in strain S24 for Pb stabilization through enhanced cell surface adsorption and extracellular precipitation in Pb-polluted aquatic environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The renewable nature, high carbon content, and unique hierarchical structure of wood-derived carbon make it an optimal self-supporting electrode for energy storage. However, the limitations in specific surface area and electrical conductivity defects pose challenges to achieving satisfactory charge storage in wood-derived carbon electrodes. Therefore, exploring diverse and effective surface strategies is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical energy storage performance. Herein, a decoration technique for enhancing aesthetic appeal involves applying a metal-organic framework (Ni/Co-MOF) containing nickel and cobalt onto the inner walls of wood tracheids. The sequential modification steps include carbonization, oxidation activation, and acid-etching. The Ni/NiO/CoO-CW-4 electrode, made by acid-etching carbonized wood (CW) doped with nickel, nickel oxide, and cobalt oxide for 4 h, has excellent surface area and pore size distribution, high graphitization degree, and exceptional conductivity. Furthermore, surface modification optimizes the surface chemistry and phase composition, resulting in a 0.8 mm thick Ni/NiO/CoO-CW-4 electrode with an exceptionally high areal capacitance of 16.76 F cm -2 at 5 mA cm -2 . Meanwhile, the fabricated solid-state supercapacitor achieves an impressive energy density of 0.67 mWh cm -2 (8.38 mWh cm -3 ) at 2.5 mW cm -2 (31.25 mW cm -3 ), surpassing representative modified wood-based carbon electrodes by approximately 2-7 times. Additionally, the supercapacitor demonstrates exceptional stability, maintaining 96.21 % of capacitance even over 10,000 cycles. The parameters presented here demonstrate a significant improvement compared to those typically observed in most modified wood-derived carbon-based supercapacitors, effectively addressing common issues of low energy density and suboptimal cycling performance with wood carbon composites., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Soft pneumatic actuation is widely used in wearable devices, soft robots, artificial muscles, and surgery machines. However, generating high-pressure gases in a soft, controllable, and portable way remains a substantial challenge. Here, a class of programmable chemical reactions that can be used to controllably generate gases with a maximum pressure output of nearly 6 MPa is reported. It is proposed to realize the programmability of the chemical reaction process using thermoelectric material with programmable electric current and employing preprogrammed reversible chemical reactants. The programmable chemical reactions as soft pneumatic actuation can be operated independently as miniature gas sources (∼20-100 g) or combined with arbitrary physical structures to make self-contained machines, capable of generating unprecedented pressures of nearly 6 MPa or forces of about 18 kN in a controllable, portable, and silent manner. Striking demonstrations of breaking a brick, a marble, and concrete blocks, raising a sightseeing car, and successful applications in artificial muscles and soft assistive wearables illustrate tremendous application prospects of soft pneumatic actuation via programmable chemical reactions. The study establishes a new paradigm toward ultrastrong soft pneumatic actuation., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that has consistently shown Wnt/β-catenin (canonical) signaling activation in various study populations. There are currently no targetable treatments for BRAF-wildtype ATC and a lack of effective treatment for BRAF V600E ATC. Our aim is to identify whether Wnt inhibitors could be potential therapeutic agents for ATC patients with limited treatment options., Methods: In this Institutional Review Board-approved study, we utilize a cohort of 32 ATCs and 20 non-neoplastic multinodular goiters (MNG). We also use 4 ATC spheroid cell lines (THJ-16T, THJ-21T, THJ-29T, and THJ-11T) and two primary patient-derived ATC organoid cultures (VWL-T5 and VWL-T60). Finally, we use a murine xenograft mouse model of ATC for in vivo treatment studies., Results: Using a large patient cohort, we demonstrate that this near-universal Wnt signaling activation is associated with ligand expression- rather than being mutationally-driven. We show that pyrvinium pamoate, a potent Wnt inhibitor, exhibits in vitro efficacy against both ATC cell lines and primary patient-derived ATC organoids VWL-T5 (p < 0.05) and VWL-T60 (p < 0.01) Finally, using a murine xenograft model of ATC, we show that pyrvinium significantly delays the growth of ATC tumors in THJ-16T (p < 0.005) and THJ-21T (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: We tested Wnt inhibitor treatment, both in vitro and in vivo, as a potential novel therapy for this highly lethal disease. Future large-scale studies utilizing multiple Wnt inhibitors will lay the foundation for the development of these novel therapies for patients with ATC., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The capacity of presurgical image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) to predict secondary surgical outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma is controversial., Methods: The International Neuroblastoma Surgical Report Form (INSRF) was employed to retrospectively collect the clinical data of 53 patients diagnosed with neuroblastoma at our hospital from April 2014 to April 2020. IDRFs were identified at the time of diagnosis and reassessed during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Various statistical tests were used to evaluate the correlation between IDRFs and secondary surgical outcomes., Results: A total of 195 IDRFs were identified. Notably, by two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the number of "two body compartments," "intraspinal tumor extension," and "trachea-compressing" IDRFs decreased significantly (p = .001). The primary tumor volumes and the number of IDRFs decreased significantly by four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially in "intraspinal tumor extension" IDRFs (p = .034). The median number of IDRF per patient was four (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-5) at diagnosis, which diminished to one (IQR: 1-3) subsequent to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The presence of preoperative IDRFs was not associated with surgical complications (p = .286) or the extent of surgery (p = .188). However, the number of preoperative IDRFs linked to the extent of surgery (p = .002), not to operative complications (p = .669). Specifically, presurgery "renal vessel contact" IDRFs were predictive of surgical complications, while presurgery "infiltration of vital structures" IDRFs were associated with the extent of surgery., Conclusion: The number of IDRFs decreased significantly by four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The number and type of presurgery IDRFs may predict secondary surgical outcomes, surpassing the mere consideration of their presence or absence., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Understanding of the mechanisms on bacteria-regulated mineral dissolution functions is important for further insight into mineral-microbe interactions. The functions of the two-component system have been studied. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial two-component system-mediated mineral dissolution are poorly understood. Here, the two-component regulatory system ResS/ResR in the mineral-solubilizing bacterium Pseudomonas pergaminensis F77 was characterized for its involvement in biotite dissolution. Strain F77 and the F77ΔresS, F77ΔresR, and F77ΔresS/R mutants were constructed and compared for the ResS/ResR system-mediated Fe and Al release from biotite in the medium and the mechanisms involved. After 3 days of incubation, the F77ΔresS, F77ΔresR, and F77ΔresS/R mutants significantly decreased the Fe and Al concentrations in the medium compared with F77. The F77ΔresS/R mutant had a greater impact on Fe and Al release from biotite than did the F77ΔresS or F77ΔresR mutant. The F77∆resS/R mutant exhibited significantly reduced Fe and Al concentrations by 21-61 % between 12 h and 48 h of incubation compared with F77. Significantly increased pH values and decreased cell counts on the mineral surfaces were found in the presence of the F77∆resS/R mutant compared with those in the presence of F77 between 12 h and 48 h of incubation. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the extracellular metabolites associated with biotite dissolution were downregulated in the F77ΔresS/R mutant. These downregulated metabolites included GDP-fucose, 20-carboxyleukotriene B4, PGP (16:1(9Z)/16:0), 3',5'-cyclic AMP, and a variety of acidic metabolites involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolisms, glycan biosynthesis, and cellular community function. Furthermore, the expression levels of the genes involved in the production of these metabolites were downregulated in the F77ΔresS/R mutant compared with those in F77. Our findings suggested that the ResS/ResR system in F77 contributed to mineral dissolution by mediating the production of mineral-solubilizing related extracellular metabolites and bacterial adsorption on mineral surface., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

There is a lack of research on how Tibetan kefir grains fermentation alters the physicochemical properties and biological activity of Lycium barbarum pulp polysaccharides, despite some reports that fermentation can affect the structure and activity of plant polysaccharides. This study demonstrated that, through fermentation, the molecular weight of polysaccharides decreased from 25.33 to 15.11 kg/mol while the contents of total sugar and uronic acid increased by 19.11% and 40.38%, respectively. Furthermore, after fermentation, the polysaccharides exhibited an uneven and rough surface along with a reduced number of branched chains and triple helix structures. Tibetan kefir grains fermentation enhanced the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides, which may be attributed to an increase in arabinose, galactose, and uronic acid content and a decrease in polysaccharide molecular weight. This research offers an alternative viewpoint on the potential application of Tibetan kefir grains-fermented Lycium barbarum pulp polysaccharides in functional foods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Glycosylation and phosphorylation of proteins represent crucial forms of post-translational modifications (PTMs), playing pivotal roles in various biological processes. Research indicates a strong correlation between the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and abnormal protein translation in the body. Therefore, studying glycosylation and phosphorylation at the molecular level can be used for monitoring disease progression and refining research methodologies. In this study, the material is modified and functionally engineered by utilizing graphene oxide (GO) as the substrate, and incorporating titanium ions (Ti 4+ ) into chondroitin sulfate. The composite was successfully applied to the selective enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides by utilizing the bifunctionality of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and metal ion chelation chromatography. This approach allowed for the capture of 57 glycopeptides and 2 phosphopeptides from normal human serum, and 141 glycopeptides and 10 phosphopeptides from T2D serum, respectively. This approach effectively tackles the challenges of detecting low-abundance glycopeptides and phosphopeptides in complex environments, enabling the successful capture from serum samples. The design and application of this material provide new insights into the development of PTMs and their connection to the study of T2D diabetes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cow milk, although rich in essential nutrients, is a well-known allergic food that can cause allergic reactions in infants and young children. β-Lactoglobulin accounts for 10% of the total protein in milk and 50% of the whey protein, which has high nutritional value and excellent functional properties but is also the main allergen leading to milk protein allergy. Exploring the mechanism of milk allergy and selecting suitable separation and purification methods to obtain high-purity β-Lactoglobulin is the premise of research on reducing allergenicity. In this review, the research progress in membrane technology, gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, precipitation and aqueous 2-phase system separation for the separation and purification of milk β-Lactoglobulin is reviewed in detail to promote the further development of milk β-Lactoglobulin separation and purification methods and provide a new method for the development of hypoallergenic dairy products in the future. Among these methods, ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography are widely used, precipitation is generally used as a crude purification step, and high-performance liquid chromatography and membrane technology are used for further purification to improve the purity of allergens., (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid found in plants, has many health benefits for liver function. However, understanding how UA intervenes in alcohol-induced ferroptosis remains unclear because of the lack of research. This study explored the protective effects of UA on alcohol-induced liver injury and further elucidated its mechanism of action. Using a mouse model, acute liver injury was induced via high-dose alcohol gavage, and UA's protective effects were assessed by analyzing serum and liver indicators. The results indicated that UA has a significant protective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. UA significantly decreased serum ALT, AST, TC, and TG levels. Histopathological examination revealed that UA significantly ameliorated liver damage. UA increased ADH, ALDH, and CYP2E1 enzyme expression levels and alleviated alcohol-induced oxidative damage by regulating alcohol metabolism. Moreover, UA increased SOD and GSH-Px levels and lowered the MDA levels in the liver. Furthermore, UA regulated ACC expression by activating the LKB1/AMPK pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid synthesis and peroxidation. UA also upregulated the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 in the liver and exerted hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting alcohol-induced ferroptosis. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that excessive alcohol consumption significantly affected the composition of the mouse gut microbiota, with UA intervention proving to be beneficial for improving gut microbiota imbalance. We also validated the protective effects of UA on alcohol-treated HepG2 cells at the cellular level. In summary, these results revealed that UA can alleviate alcoholic liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated ferroptosis and regulating gut microbiota. These findings suggest that UA may serve as a functional component in the prevention of alcoholic liver disease.

Integrating biomechanical and biomolecular sensing mechanisms into wearable devices is a formidable challenge and key to acquiring personalized health management. To address this, we have developed an innovative multifunctional sensor enabled by plasma functionalized silk fabric, which possesses multimodal sensing capabilities for biomechanics and biomolecules. A seed-mediated in situ growth method was employed to coat silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto silk fibers, resulting in silk fibers functionalized with AgNPs (SFs@Ag) that exhibit both piezoresistive response and localized surface plasmon resonance effects. The SFs@Ag membrane enables accurate detection of mechanical pressure and specific biomolecules during wearable sensing, offering a versatile solution for comprehensive personalized health monitoring. Additionally, a machine learning algorithm has been established to specifically recognize muscle strain signals, potentially extending to the diagnosis and monitoring of neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Unlike electromyography, which detects large muscles in clinical medicine, sensing data for tiny muscles enhance our understanding of muscle coordination using the SFs@Ag sensor. This detection model provides feasibility for the early detection and prevention of neuromuscular diseases. Beyond muscle stress and strain sensing, biomolecular detection is a critical addition to achieving effective health management. In this study, we developed highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection for wearable health monitoring. Finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations ware utilized to analyze the efficacy of the SFs@Ag sensor for wearable SERS sensing of biomolecules. Based on the specific SERS spectra, automatic extraction of signals of sweat molecules was also achieved. In summary, the SFs@Ag sensor bridges the gap between biomechanical and biomolecular sensing in wearable applications, providing significant value for personalized health management.

The ability to track disease without tissue biopsy in patients is a major goal in biology and medicine. Here, we identify and characterize cardiomyocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in circulation (EVs; "cardiovesicles") through comprehensive studies of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, genetic mouse models, and state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and low-input transcriptomics. These studies identified two markers ( POPDC2 , CHRNE ) enriched on cardiovesicles for biotinylated antibody-based immunocapture. Captured cardiovesicles were enriched in canonical cardiomyocyte transcripts/pathways with distinct profiles based on human disease type (heart failure, myocardial infarction). In paired myocardial tissue-plasma from patients, highly expressed genes in cardiovesicles were largely cardiac-enriched (vs. "bulk" EVs, which were more organ non-specific) with high expression in myocardial tissue by single nuclear RNA-seq, largely in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate the first "liquid" biopsy discovery platform to interrogate cardiomyocyte states non-invasively in model systems and in human disease, allowing non-invasive characterization of cardiomyocyte biology for discovery and therapeutic applications.

Background: By analysing the deaths of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, this study aimed to understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics and the composition of the causes of death. Additionally, this study aimed to predict the changing trend in the number of deaths, providing valuable insights for hospitals to formulate relevant strategies and measures aimed at reducing mortality rates., Methods: In this study, data on inpatient mortality at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022 were obtained via the population information registration system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The death data of inpatients were described and analysed through a retrospective study. Excel 2016 was utilized for data sorting, and SPSS 22.0 software was employed for data analysis. The statistical inference of single factor differences was conducted via χ2 tests. The SARIMA model was established via the forecast, aTSA, and tseries software packages (version 4.3.0) to forecast future changes in the number of deaths., Results: A total of 1938 inpatients died at the tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, with the greatest number of deaths occurring in 2022 (262, 13.52%). The sex ratio was 2.22:1, and there were significant differences between sexes in terms of age, marital status, educational level, and place of residence (P < 0.05). The percentage of males in the groups aged of 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years was significantly greater than that of females (χ 2  = 46.905, P < 0.001). More females than males died in the widowed group, and divorced and married males experienced a greater number of deaths than divorced and married females did (χ 2  = 61.130, P < 0.001). The proportions of male students with a junior college and senior high school education were significantly greater than that of female students (χ 2  = 12.310, P < 0.05). The primary causes of mortality within the hospital setting included circulatory system diseases, injury, poisoning, tumours, and respiratory system diseases. These leading factors accounted for 86.12% of all recorded deaths. Finally, the SARIMA (2, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1) 12 model was determined to be the optimal model, with an AIC of 380.23, a BIC of 392.79, and an AICc of 381.81. The MAPE was 14.99%, indicating a satisfactory overall fit of this model. The relative error between the predicted and actual number of deaths in 2022 was 8.02%. Therefore, the SARIMA (2, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1) 12 model demonstrates good predictive performance., Conclusions: Hospitals should enhance the management of sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, severe craniocerebral injury, lung cancer, and lung infection to reduce the mortality rate. The SARIMA model can be employed for predicting the number of deaths., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Given expanding studies in epidemiology and disease-oriented human studies offering hundreds of associations between the human "ome" and disease, prioritizing molecules relevant to disease mechanisms among this growing breadth is important. Here, we link the circulating proteome to human heart failure (HF) propensity (via echocardiographic phenotyping and clinical outcomes) across the lifespan, demonstrating key pathways of fibrosis, inflammation, metabolism, and hypertrophy. We observe a broad array of genes encoding proteins linked to HF phenotypes and outcomes in clinical populations dynamically expressed at a transcriptional level in human myocardium during HF and cardiac recovery (several in a cell-specific fashion). Many identified targets do not have wide precedent in large-scale genomic discovery or human studies, highlighting the complementary roles for proteomic and tissue transcriptomic discovery to focus epidemiological targets to those relevant in human myocardium for further interrogation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests S.G.D. is a consultant for Abbott, and S.G.D. and K.J.L. have industry research support from Novartis. R.V.S. has served as a consultant for Amgen, Cytokinetics, and Thryv Therapeutics (with options ownership in Thryv). R.V.S. is a co-inventor on a patent for ex-RNA signatures of cardiac remodeling and a pending patent on proteomic signatures of fitness and lung and liver diseases. R.V.S. also has stock options with Thryv Therapeutics. A.S.P. is a co-inventor on a pending patent for proteomic signatures of fitness, lung, and liver diseases. K.A. does ad hoc consulting for Tegus and Guidepoint and serves on a DSMB for Fortrea. M.N. has received speaking honoraria from Cytokinetics. K.J.L. serves as a consultant for Medtronic, Implicit Biosciences, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, and Cytokinetics. K.J.L. receives grant support from Amgen, Novartis, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, and Implicit Biosciences. S.D. is a co-founder and has equity in Thryv therapeutics and Switch Therapeutics. S.D. has received grant support from Abbot Laboratories and Bristol Myers Squib. S.D. is a co-inventor on a patent on tissue-specific EV-RNAs. R.K. has received personal fees from GSK, Astrazeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and CVS Caremark. S.J.S. has received consulting fees from 35Pharma, Abbott, Alleviant, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Aria CV, Axon Therapies, BaroPace, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, BridgeBio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corvia, Cyclerion, Cytokinetics, Edwards Lifesciences, Eidos, eMyosound, Imara, Impulse Dynamics, Intellia, Ionis, Lilly, Merck, MyoKardia, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Prothena, ReCor, Regeneron, Rivus, SalubriusBio, Sardocor, Shifamed, Tectonic, Tenax, Tenaya, Ulink, and Ultromics. J.M.A. was employed by Amgen. J.W. reports consulting/scientific advisory board for Abiomed, Abbott, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Cytokinetics within the last 24 months., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Foodborne pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to human health. This study aims to enhance the antimicrobial activity of low-dose silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against foodborne pathogens and use the enhanced AgNPs to preserve green grapes. A chemical delivery carrier for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) impregnated with AgNPs was developed. We investigated the bacteriostatic properties (minimum bacteriostatic concentration, bacteriostatic growth curve), the mechanism of action of the bacteriostatic agent, and the performance of the bacteriostatic film. The bacteriostatic preservation rate of the AgNPs@COFs composite on green grapes was evaluated. The minimum bacteriostatic concentration of the AgNPs@COFs composite was 10 μg/mL, and the bacteriostatic rate varied between 94.01 % and 98.77 %. The developed antibacterial AgNPs@COFs composite has potential applications in food packaging and preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This prospective cohort study, conducted at the Fenglin Community Health Service Center (FCHC) in Xuhui District, Shanghai, aimed to investigate the impact of maternal psychological status on offspring neurodevelopment., Methods: A total of 430 mother-child pairs were included, with pregnant women enrolled between February 18, 2020, and April 19, 2021. Face-to-face interviews and electronic data collection on demographic characteristics, health conditions and medical history were employed at various stages of pregnancy and postpartum. Maternal depression and anxiety were assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, while offspring neurodevelopment was measured at six months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3rd Edition (ASQ-3). In statistical analyses, group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was employed to identify the latent groups for maternal psychological trajectories, including depression and anxiety, and logistic regression was used to explore associations between maternal psychological trajectories and offspring neurodevelopment, adjusting for potential confounders., Results: Five latent trajectory groups were identified for both depression and anxiety, exhibiting distinct patterns over time. Results indicated that maternal psychological trajectories were associated with various domains of offspring neurodevelopment, including communication, problem-solving, personal-social, and gross motor skills. Specifically, mothers in trajectory groups characterized by the highest level of depression or anxiety showed increased odds of offspring neurodevelopmental delays compared to reference groups., Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of maternal mental health during the perinatal period and highlight the potential implications for offspring neurodevelopment. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and inform targeted interventions to support maternal mental well-being and optimize offspring outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Chronic systemic inflammation significantly increases myocardial infarction risk in people living with HIV (PLWH). Endothelial cell dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis regulation, increasing the risk of vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize endothelial cell (EC) chemokines, cytokine, and chemokine receptors of PLWH, hypothesizing that in our cohort, glucose intolerance contributes to their differential expression implicated in endothelial dysfunction. Using single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we phenotyped chemokine and cytokine receptor expression on arterial ECs, capillary ECs, venous ECs, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 59 PLWH with and without glucose intolerance. Our results show that arterial and capillary ECs express significantly higher interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors than venous ECs and VSMCs. Venous ECs exhibited more interleukin (IL)1R1 and ACKR1 receptors, and VSMCs showed significant IL6R expression than arterial and capillary ECs. When stratified by group, arterial ECs from PLWH with glucose intolerance expressed significantly higher IL1R1, IL6R, CXCL12, CCL14, and ICAM2 transcripts than arterial ECs from PLWH without diabetes. Of the different vascular cell types studied, arterial ECs as a proportion of all ECs in adipose tissue were positively correlated with plasma fasting blood glucose. In contrast, venous ECs and VSMCs were positively correlated with plasma IL6. To directly assess the effect of plasma from PLWH on endothelial function, we cultured human arterial ECs (HAECs) in plasma-conditioned media from PLWH and performed bulk RNA sequencing. Plasma from PLWH stimulated ECs with the upregulation of genes that enrich for the oxidative phosphorylation and the TNF-α via NFK-β pathways. In conclusion, ECs in PLWH show heterogeneous cytokine and chemokine receptor expression, and arterial ECs were the most influenced by glucose intolerance. Further research must explicate cytokine and chemokine roles in EC dysfunction and identify biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic response., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)