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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur dan perkecambahan serbuk sari pada porang. Struktur dan perkecambahan serbuk sari diamati secara mikroskopis. Pengamatan perkecambahan serbuk sari dilakukan pada tiga hari sebelum mekar (M-3), dua hari sebelum mekar (M-2), satu hari sebelum mekar (M-1), mekar (M) hingga empat hari setelah mekar (M+4). Serbuk sari pada porang berstruktur dimorfik (struktur X dan Y: unit monad dan majemuk). Struktur X dengan panjang aksis (P)= 30-50 µm, diameter ekuatorial (E)= 16.67-41.67 µm, dan indeks P/E= 1.19-1.79, sedangkan struktur Y dengan P= 50-84 µm, E= 34-67 µm, dan indeks P/E= 1.25-1.40. Serbuk sari porang berbentuk subspheroidal dan prolat; ukuran panjang aksis bertipe media dan magna; tipe aperture monocolpate. Viabilitas tertinggi struktur X pada M (31.58%), sedangkan struktur Y pada M+1 (21.76%). Viabilitas M+3 mulai menurun, sehingga penyerbukan buatan porang yang tepat dilakukan ketika viabilitas serbuk sari tinggi (M atau tidak lebih dari M+3).

Muslichahah S, Azrianingsih R, Indriyani S, Arumingtyas EL. 2022. Papeja, herbal potions during breastfeeding in Madura (Indonesia): The use, perceived effectiveness, and documentation of the plants used. Biodiversitas 23: 5139-5148. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding as the normal infant feeding method. However, many women often face challenges in breastfeeding their infants. One of the challenges may be a real or perceived insufficient milk supply. Poor breast milk production is the common cause of breastfeeding failure in preterm babies. In Indonesia, Madurese women use Papeja (herbal medicines) as a herbal potion to enhance breast milk production. Hence, this study aims to identify the pattern of use, perceived effectiveness, and galactagogues plant component of Papeja taken by mothers during breastfeeding in the Sub-districts of Guluk-Guluk and Pasongsongan, Sumenep District. The data were collected through interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Sixty women who had agreed to be interviewed, 18 years or older, breastfeeding or breastfeeding in the past 24 months, and two traditional midwifery in the study area were interviewed. We used simple descriptive statistics to summarize the data on demographic, respondent attitudes, and galactagogues plants. Most participants (n = 48) perceived that the herbal galactagogues effectively promoted breastfeeding adequacy. We identified 46 plants from 27 families to have been used in Papeja. Some of the plants used by the mothers have been recorded as having benefits for enhancing milk supply, some have not had that information, but most have not yet been chemically tested. Thus, it is important to validate the plants scientifically for possible galactagogues properties, which can be harnessed for future use. Since we recorded those plants as ethnomedicinal and therapeutic plants, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations are recommended because this could lead to developing new medicine to address poor milk production among mothers.

Sofiah S, Hakim L, Indriyani S, Robiansyah I. 2022. Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4082-4089. Smilax L. species, popularly known in Indonesia as Canar, belong to the family Smilacaceae and have been used in folk medicine as a tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic. Smilax nageliana A.DC is an endemic plant to East Java, Indonesia which is only distributed in Ranu Darungan, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), and Mt. Kawi. In the effort for its conservation and sustainable management, information regarding the adaptation of S. nageliana to a new environment is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the acclimation of S. nageliana under three different treatments, namely (i) in hood application in a greenhouse; (ii) in its natural habitat under shade; (iii) in natural habitat in the open area. Each treatment had ten replications. Survival and growth performance were observed for six months in terms of survival rates, number of new shoots, shoot length, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Environment factors were also measured including solar intensity, temperature, humidity and water content. Data were analyzed using a two-way Anova. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between environmental components and S. nageliana acclimation performance. The result showed that S. nageliana had a one hundred percent survival rate in the hood application and natural habitat with shade. The best growth performances (i.e., shoot length, the number of leaves, shoots per root and chlorophyll content) were achieved under the hood application. The average temperature was quite influential on the first component (PC1), followed by solar intensity while water affected the second component (PC2). The findings of this study suggest that where sunlight/solar intensity and humidity were controlled, it gave the most optimal results for acclimation of S. nageliana.