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BackgroundLimited information currently exists regarding the clinical progression and outcomes of cats that undergo choledochal stenting as a treatment for extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO).Hypothesis/objectivesDescribe clinical characteristics, indications for choledochal stent placement, procedure, and outcomes in a cohort of cats undergoing choledochal stenting and evaluate risk factors associated with survival as well as recurrence of EHBO in affected cats.AnimalsTwenty-three client-owned cats undergoing choledochal stent placement.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records from 6 academic institutions were reviewed, and data were extracted and analyzed statistically.ResultsMedian age of cats was 10.1 years (range, 2-16), and all cats had at least 2 clinical signs. Most common clinical signs were vomiting in 20/22 (90.9%), inappetence in 19/22 (86.4%), and lethargy in 19/23 (82.6%). Procedural complications were uncommon and rarely related to the stenting procedure. Clinical signs improved postoperatively in 15/20 (75.0%) cats and serum total bilirubin concentration decreased postoperatively in 13/19 (68.4%) cats. Eighteen (78.3%) cats survived to discharge. Recurrence of EHBO was documented in 7/18 (38.9%) cats that survived to discharge. Cholelithiasis was associated with recurrence of EHBO. Median survival time for cats that survived to discharge was 931 days (range, 19-3034). Absence of peritoneal effusion was associated with survival to discharge.Conclusions and clinical importanceCholedochal stenting was an effective treatment modality in cats with EHBO with few procedural complications and potential for prolonged survival, but substantial risk for recurrence of EHBO was identified.

Copyright of Canadian Veterinary Journal / Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 13-year-old spayed female Cairn terrier was referred for surgical resection of a large oesophageal mass. The dog was initially presented to the primary care veterinarian for several days of gagging. The mass was initially diagnosed on thoracic radiographs and confirmed via computed tomography and oesophagoscopy. Endoscopic biopsies were performed that were consistent with oesophagitis. The dog was then referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for surgical resection of the mass. On surgical approach, a small nodule was palpable in the oesophagus; however, a large mass was not found. Oesophagoscopy was repeated intraoperatively, which revealed a small nodule in the same region of the previously described mass. The small nodule was removed, and histopathology was consistent with lymphohistiocytic inflammation and previous haemorrhage, consistent with an oesophageal haematoma. The dogmade a full recovery post-operatively, with continued resolution of clinical signs reported 5months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Veterinary Journal / Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 9‐year‐old, female, spayed American Pitbull terrier presented for a month‐long history of lethargy, inappetence, altered breathing and unusual tongue movement. Severe anaemia was noted on bloodwork. Oral exam revealed an exophytic, pale, tan mass at the tongue base. A computed tomography scan was performed, followed by surgical removal of the mass. Histopathology confirmed the mass as an extramedullary plasmacytoma. Within 24 hours of removal, the clinical signs and anaemia were improving, and the dog was released from hospital. On follow‐up 2 weeks postoperatively, the dog's bloodwork was all within normal parameters, the anaemia was completely resolved, and the dog was doing well at home. After 692 days of successful removal of the tumour, the owner reports the dog is doing well at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, previously referred to as carcinoid, is a malignant tumour arising from neuroendocrine cells and is a rare form of hepatic neoplasia in cats. This case report describes primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in a cat, with weight loss and vomiting as its primary clinical signs. Definitive diagnosis was made following surgical excision and histopathology of the affected liver lobes in addition to immunohistochemistry staining. Following surgery, the cat received different chemotherapy agents due to observation of progressive disease at restaging visits. The cat is currently receiving metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide and has no evidence of metastatic disease present 1009 days after initial presentation. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma can occur in cats and should be a differential diagnosis for a hepatic mass in this species. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare in cats, and there is no standard of care for treatment in companion animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most common haemostatic abnormality in dogs with cancer is hypercoagulability. A transient hypercoagulability has been documented in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that resolves within weeks following hepatic tumour resection. Objective: The objective was to compare the haemostatic status of dogs with liver tumours and healthy control dogs, by comparing coagulation and thromboelastography (TEG) measurements at three time points. Methods: Liver tumour and healthy control dogs receiving surgery for liver lobectomy and ovariohysterectomy, respectively, were prospectively enrolled. All dogs had blood collected at three time points: pre‐operative, 24 h post‐operative and ~2 weeks post‐operative. Haematological and haemostatic values were compared across time points in each group using repeated measures ANOVA tests. Results: Ten and eight dogs were enrolled for the liver and control groups, respectively. Platelet count was significantly higher in the liver group than the control group at all time points, but within the normal range (pre‐operative: 438.7 vs. 300.9 × 109/L, p =.0078; 24 h post‐operative: 416.2 vs. 283.9 × 109/L, p =.0123; 10–14 days post‐operative: 524.6 vs. 317.3 × 109/L, p =.0072). The measure of the overall coagulant state (G‐value) was significantly increased for the liver group compared to the control group at all time points (pre‐operative: 15.6 vs. 8.6 d/sc, p =.0003; 24 h post‐operative: 18.3 vs. 11.2 d/sc, p =.039; 10–14 days post‐operative: 15.1 vs. 9.6 d/sc, p =.015). Conclusion: The liver group was hypercoagulable based on elevated G‐values at all time points compared to the control group. This hypercoagulability was attributed to the effect of hepatic tumours alone, and not secondary to surgery and anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Veterinary Journal / Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Veterinary Cancer Guidelines and Protocols (VCGP) group has developed guidelines for developing, reporting, and validating histologic tumor grading systems. These guidelines aim to standardize tumor evaluation in order to improve the care of animals with cancer. The grading systems should be reproducible, relevant to prognosis, and realistic in terms of applicability in a routine diagnostic setting. The VCGP group encourages collaboration from various disciplines and emphasizes the importance of standardized clinical outcomes and statistical assessment. The guidelines also suggest comparing histologic grade with other assays and encourage the publication of grading systems in peer-reviewed journals with sufficient details for replication and validation. Validation studies should be conducted before implementing the grading system on clinical cases. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Canadian Veterinary Journal / Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 10‐year‐old, male, neutered, mixed breed dog was diagnosed with septic peritonitis secondary to a liver abscess. Left lateral and medial liver lobectomies were performed and histopathology revealed an incompletely excised hepatocellular adenoma with multifocal septic, suppurative (neutrophilic) inflammation. Eight months later, the dog was presented again and was found to have septic peritonitis. Computed tomography showed recurrent right hepatic abscessation. Abdominal explore and right medial liver lobectomy were performed. Following surgery, disseminated intravascular coagulation was suspected, the patient declined in neurologic and respiratory status. The owner elected humane euthanasia. Postmortem examination showed locally extensive pyogranulomatous hepatitis with necrosis and intralesional rod bacteria, and recurrent hepatocellular adenoma. This case represents recurrence of hepatic abscessation in a dog, 8 months after the first liver lobectomy. This case report highlights clinical findings associated with septic peritonitis secondary to hepatic abscessation and discusses diagnostic and treatment options explored in veterinary and human medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Veterinary Journal / Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne is the property of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)