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Epignathus is an extremely rare teratoma found in the oral cavity or oropharyngeal region of newborns, whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. We describe a giant epignathus arising from the oropharynx in a newborn. The giant tumor completely obstructed the airway of the newborn resulting in death. Histological and radiological examination of the tumor reveals the presence of a remarkably well-developed skeleton of the head and neck. A row of teeth, the axis and atlas, thyroid and salivary glands, trachea, and cerebral tissue are all detected within the tumor. These findings suggest that the epignathus is fetus-in-fetu which is considered a type 0 germ cell tumor in accordance with current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors in cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed and staged using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and clinical analysis. However, comprehensive analysis, including pathological analysis, has not yet been sufficiently performed. In the present study, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated using FDG-PET and its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The present study included 86 patients who underwent preoperative FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and did not receive chemotherapy among 331 patients with hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with recurrence events was used to determine the SUVmax cutoff of 4.9. Immunohistochemical staining of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Ki-67 was performed for pathological analysis. The standardized uptake value (SUV)-high group (SUVmax ≥4.9) had a higher postoperative recurrence rate (P<0.046) and higher Glut1 and Ki-67 expression rates (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, SUVmax and Glut1 expression (r=0.298; P<0.01) and SUVmax and Ki-67 expression rates (r=0.527; P<0.0001) were positively correlated. The preoperative measurement of SUVmax by PET-CT is useful in predicting recurrence as well as cancer malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors in cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed and staged using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and clinical analysis. However, comprehensive analysis, including pathological analysis, has not yet been sufficiently performed. In the present study, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated using FDG-PET and its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The present study included 86 patients who underwent preoperative FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) and did not receive chemotherapy among 331 patients with hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with recurrence events was used to determine the SUVmax cutoff of 4.9. Immunohistochemical staining of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Ki-67 was performed for pathological analysis. The standardized uptake value (SUV)-high group (SUVmax ≥4.9) had a higher postoperative recurrence rate (P<0.046) and higher Glut1 and Ki-67 expression rates (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, SUVmax and Glut1 expression (r=0.298; P<0.01) and SUVmax and Ki-67 expression rates (r=0.527; P<0.0001) were positively correlated. The preoperative measurement of SUVmax by PET-CT is useful in predicting recurrence as well as cancer malignancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Yachi et al.)