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Les adolescentes et adolescents multiplient leurs activités sur Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok et autres réseaux sociaux. Cette présence en ligne inquiète puisque plusieurs recherches corrèlent l’exposition aux écrans à certains impacts négatifs sur le bien-être. Ces préoccupations vis-à-vis le temps-écran mènent l’État, les entreprises et les organismes communautaires à proposer des recommandations qui visent l’autorégulation. Bien qu’intéressante, cette approche en prévention éclipse les dynamiques collectives mises en lumière par les études en sciences sociales qui rapportent la perspective des ados, suggérant que les réseaux sociaux jouent un rôle important dans le maintien de relations sociales et l’expression personnelle. Cette thèse se penche sur les façons dont les personnes adolescentes participent collectivement et au quotidien à la médiatisation de pratiques sociales dans l’écosystème des plateformes, particulièrement via les réseaux sociaux. Elle rappelle l’importance d’écouter les ados avec leur allégresse, leurs incertitudes et leurs contradictions, afin d’incorporer davantage les questions sociales lorsqu’on parle de leur utilisation des réseaux sociaux, notamment en développant des interventions qui les concernent. L’aspect social de la question de recherche est d’abord observé à travers le concept sensibilisateur de la deep mediatization, rappelant que les pratiques mises en données aujourd’hui sont le berceau des transformations sociales de demain. Avec une attention particulière à l’écosystème des plateformes, les mécanismes de datafication, commodification et sélection ainsi que les affordances permettent de faire un pont entre l’expérience rapportée par les jeunes, la formation de normes sociales, et l’architecture des réseaux sociaux. Mobilisant une méthodologie qualitative, cette démarche donne une voix à des jeunes de 14 à 17 ans de milieux différents, en documentant leur expérience des médias sociaux grâce à une analyse thématique de 19 entrevues et de 2 groupes de discussion. Les résultats de la thèse documentent les façons nuancées dont les personnes adolescentes composent avec leurs relations sociales et la panoplie de fonctionnalités pour converser, publier et scroller. Ces pratiques sociales génèrent des données qui peuvent bénéficier aux réseaux sociaux, et nous invitent à considérer l’ado non pas comme une victime des effets des plateformes, mais comme une personne occupant un rôle actif dans le façonnement de leur écosystème. Cinq normes sont identifiées pour étudier la force injonctive du collectif dans les pratiques des ados: 1) la sensibilité à autrui au moment de converser; 2) la disponibilité en tout temps pour converser; 3) la fréquence et la qualité du contenu partagé selon le type de publication; 4) se présenter authentiquement conforme et 5) scroller sur les réseaux sociaux les plus populaires. Enfin, on apprend que les ados considèrent davantage les relations sociales que les fonctionnalités lorsqu’une pratique est collectivement imbriquée, comme l’entretien d’une conversation médiatisée ou la publication. Et à l’opposé, les ados se disent plus affecté.e.s par les fonctionnalités du réseau social quand l’activité est réalisée individuellement, comme scroller. Comprendre l’agentivité de l’environnement en ligne et son processus normatif selon le caractère social d’une pratique nous informe de nouvelles manières d’intervenir auprès des ados pour une utilisation plus lucide du numérique., Adolescents are using Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok and other social media more than ever before. Their increased presence online is worrisome because a number of studies establish correlations between screen time and negative impacts on well-being. Concerns about the amount of time spent with screens have led governments, companies and community organizations to issue recommendations that call for self-regulation of time spent online. Despite its benefits, this approach to prevention fails to consider the collective dynamics highlighted by social science research that, drawing on adolescents’ perspectives, illustrate the important role of social media in personal expression and maintaining social relationships. This thesis examines the ways in which adolescents participate collectively and on a daily basis in the mediatization of social practices within an ecosystem of platforms, particularly through their activities on social media. It argues for the importance of listening to adolescents’ voices, with all their enthusiasm, uncertainties, and contradictions, in order to look beyond individual uses of social media when designing programs and interventions that concern them. We frame our observations using the sensitizing concept of deep mediatization, that reminds us how today’s data practices are the source of tomorrow’s societal transformations. Within an ecosystemic perspective on digital platforms, the concept of affordances establishes links between the mechanisms of datafication, commodification and selection, platform architectures, the formation of social norms and youth’s experiences on social media. Using a qualitative methodology, we documented the social media experiences of young people aged 14 to 17 from a variety of backgrounds, through a thematic analysis of 19 interviews and two focus groups. The results document the subtle ways that adolescents manage their social relationships and the multiple functionalities offered by these media to converse online, post content and scroll. While direct messaging, posting and scrolling all generate data that fuel the economic model of various social media platforms, the active role of young people on social media invites us to consider adolescents not as victims needing protection from social media but as fullfledged participants in shaping their ecosystem. The injunctive effect of the community on adolescents’ practices is apparent in five norms identified from their comments : 1) being sensitive to others while direct messaging; 2) the expectation of constant availability to converse online; 3) implicit rules about the frequency and quality of content posted according to the type of publication; 4) presenting oneself authentically while fitting in (i.e. being a unique individual but not too different); and 5) scrolling on the most popular social media. Our results demonstrate that when a practice is collectively configured and visible, as in the case direct messaging or posting, adolescents rely heavily on social cues and relationships and platform functionalities have limited effects. In contrast, they appear to be more dependent on what the platforms propose when an activity, like scrolling, is primarily individual. Understanding how the agency of the online environment and the normative processes at work vary according to the social characteristics of different social media practices opens the door to imagining new ways of intervening in order to encourage a more lucid use of digital environments by youth.

Tangible controls-especially sliders and rotary knobs-have been explored in a wide range of interactive applications for desktop and immersive environments. Studies have shown that they support greater precision and provide proprioceptive benefits, such as support for eyes-free interaction. However, such controls tend to be expressly designed for specific applications. We draw inspiration from a bespoke controller for immersive data visualisation, but decompose this design into a simple, wireless, composable unit featuring two actuated sliders and a rotary encoder. Through these controller units, we explore the interaction opportunities around actuated sliders; supporting precise selection, infinite scrolling, adaptive data representations, and rich haptic feedback; all within a mode-less interaction space. We demonstrate the controllers' use for simple, ad hoc desktop interaction,before moving on to more complex, multi-dimensional interactions in VR and AR. We show that the flexibility and composability of these actuated controllers provides an emergent design space which covers the range of interactive dynamics for visual analysis. In a user study involving pairs performing collaborative visual analysis tasks in mixed-reality, our participants were able to easily compose rich visualisations, make insights and discuss their findings.

A variable message sign (VMS), which is a key component of intelligent transportation systems, has been frequently used in the management of urban roads and motorways to provide drivers with real-time traffic condition information about a road section or area. Nevertheless, there is a lack of unified regulations for VMS design, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the understandability and legibility of VMS information. In practice, inappropriate designs of VMSs are common, such as overload of VMS information and excessive number of phases, particularly on the urban roads of China. Building on our earlier findings obtained by surveys, in this study, field tests were conducted to assess the reliability of VMS information in terms of the visual perception characteristics of drivers. For a full visual perception, the information displayed on a VMS must be reliable, i.e., it should be easy for drivers to detect, obtain, and understand the messages they require. Two basic theories—information theory and visual perception theory—were introduced to build a quantification model of VMS information, select evaluation indices, and design the experimental process. A total of 24 drivers participated in the field experiments and questionnaires. Five indices—information obtainment rate, periodic validity, driver subjective scoring and the corresponding UI (represents information intelligibility), and CE (represents information legibility)—were analyzed to evaluate their relationships to VMS information reliability. The results confirmed that the amount of information, and the scrolling period considering redundant distance, significantly affect the reliability of VMSs information. For static VMSs, the information obtainment rate and the subjective scoring decrease with increasing amount of information. The recollection accuracy of the drivers significantly declines when the amount of information shown increases to 90 bits, corresponding to an information obtainment rate of less than 0.8 and UI equal to 0. For dynamic VMSs, the information reliability deteriorates as the scrolling period shortens and the number of phases increases. Unreasonable reliability is found when the periodic validity is less than 0.9, i.e., the actual scrolling period is more than 10% less than the calculated one, corresponding to CE equal to 0. The reliability of information was evaluated by combining the subjective scoring of the drivers and a data-based statistical analysis and considering driving safety. Accordingly, it was recommended that 90 bit is the maximum amount of information to be shown on a VMS and that the preferred scrolling period of each phase of a dynamic VMS is 5 s. The results of this study support the objective of providing reliable information to drivers by addressing the problems related to the amount of information and presentation time for VMSs. These findings provide a basis for determining the thresholds for VMS information to promote practical and user-friendly designs of VMSs on urban roads.

Many developers of digital Qur'an applications today still use tap to scrolling to run applications, although the features are interesting. This makes it less effective and efficient in opening the Qur'an. As is the case during the taklim assembly, some da'i are very interactive with jama'ah, asking to open certain surahs and verses so that there are some who have difficulty in searching. Therefore, the need for the Qur'anic application with voice command command to facilitate users. This research is the development of the Qur'an application with voice recognition feature. Using the waterfall method in development, voice command with google speech API as a voice command of surah and verse calling in the Qur'an application 30 juz. Conducted 10 randomized experiments with calls in the form of play or open surahs and certain verses give a 90% accuracy result. Commands can be given when online or offline. Then the use of google speech API can be very useful for use in the development of other applications. &nbsp, Banyak developer aplikasi Al-Qur’an digital saat ini masih menggunakan tap hingga scrolling untuk menjalankan aplikasi, meskipun fiturnya menarik. Hal itu menjadikan kurang efektif dan efisien dalam membuka Al-Qur’an. Seperti halnya saat majelis taklim, beberapa da’i sangat interaktif dengan jama’ah, meminta untuk membuka surah dan ayat tertentu sehingga ada beberapa yang kesulitan dalam mencari. Oleh karena itu perlunya aplikasi Al Qur’an dengan perintah voice command untuk memudahkan pengguna. Penelitian ini merupakan pengembangan aplikasi Al Qur’an dengan fitur voice recognition. Menggunakan metode waterfall dalam pengembangan, voice command dengan google speech API sebagai perintah suara pemanggilan surah dan ayat dalam aplikasi Al Qur’an 30 juz. Dilakukan 10 kali percobaan secara acak dengan pemanggilan berupa putar atau buka surah dan ayat tertentu memberikan hasil akurasi 90%. Perintah bisa diberikan ketika dalam keadaan online maupun offline. Maka penggunaan google speech API dapat sangat berguna untuk digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi lainnya.

PURPOSE: Dynamic text presentation methods may improve reading ability in patients with central vision loss (CVL) by eliminating the need for accurate eye movements. We compared rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and horizontal scrolling text presentation (scrolling) on reading rate and reading acuity in CVL observers and normally-sighted controls with simulated CVL (simCVL). METHODS: CVL observers’ (n = 11) central scotomas and preferred retinal loci (PRL) for each eye were determined with MAIA microperimetry and fixation analysis. SimCVL controls (n = 16) used 4° inferior eccentric viewing, enforced with an Eyelink eye-tracker. Observers read aloud 4-word phrases randomly drawn from the MNREAD sentences. Six font sizes (0.50–1.30 logMAR) were tested with the better near acuity eye and both eyes of CVL observers. Three font sizes (0.50–1.00 logMAR) were tested binocularly in simCVL controls. Text presentation duration of each word for RSVP or drift speed for scrolling was varied to determine reading rate, defined as 50% of words read correctly. In a subset of CVL observers (n = 7), relationships between PRL eccentricity, reading threshold and rate were explored. RESULTS: SimCVL controls demonstrated significantly faster reading rates for RSVP than scrolling text (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant main effect of font size (p < 0.0001). CVL patients demonstrated no significant differences in binocular reading rate between font sizes (p = 0.12) and text presentation (p = 0.25). Similar results were seen under monocular conditions. Reading acuity for RSVP and scrolling worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity (μ = 4.5°, p = 0.07). RSVP reading rate decreased significantly with increasing eccentricity (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous work, reading acuity worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity. RSVP and scrolling text presentations significantly affected reading rate in simCVL, but not in CVL observers, suggesting that simCVL results may not generalise to pathological CVL.

Objective: To assess patients’ awareness of the availability of information related to orthodontics on social media, and to explore patients’ willingness to engage with social media to aid with orthodontic treatment. Design: Prospective cross-sectional survey. Setting: This survey was conducted at Croydon University Hospital orthodontic department. Participants: A total of 125 orthodontic patients, both new and in treatment. There were no exclusion criteria. Methods: All participants completed a questionnaire designed to explore their awareness, access to and utilisation of social media as well as their willingness to engage with social media to support orthodontic treatment. There were no age restrictions or exclusion criteria. Results: Of the patients, 99% had access to social media. Of these patients, 64% were aware that social media platforms were available to help with orthodontic treatment, 30% had utilised social media related to orthodontics, with the most popular platforms being Instagram (n = 17) and Snapchat (n = 12). Of the patients, 73% stated that they would be willing to use social media in the future to support orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: Social media can be engaging, accessible and versatile, and has been shown to be effective at improving patients’ knowledge regarding orthodontic treatment. As such, it may be used as a valuable tool for information provision to engage orthodontic patients. Awareness of the availability of orthodontics content on social media is increasing; however, only one-third of participants had previously used it to aid with orthodontic treatment. Given the availability of information on social media targeted at orthodontic patients there is a need to assess the quality of this information and if appropriate navigate patients towards high-quality, effective resources.

The presented study is the first retrospective evaluation of the scrolling of the third eyelid in a total of 44 dogs referred to the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Surgery between 2012 and 2021 with a sudden onset of an ocular mass in the medial canthus with epiphora and conjunctival hyperemia. The clinical appearance of the patients, the treatment procedures applied, and the results were examined. A complete ophthalmological inspection revealed the cartilage eversion of the nictitating membrane in sixteen patients (24 eyes) due to the scrolling of the third eyelid and cartilage eversion accompanied by a prolapsed gland in twenty-eight patients (32 eyes). Cartilage eversion was treated by the resection of the defected cartilage portion. In cases with prolapse of the nictitans gland accompanying cartilage eversion, the Morgan pocket method was applied to reposition the prolapsed gland by resectioning the rotating cartilage. In conclusion, -taking into account the potential effect of breed, age, and gender predispositions- the therapeutic approach followed revealed satisfactory results in maintaining the functional capacity of the third eyelid in dogs with cartilage eversion of the nictitating membrane and hyperplasia of the nictitans gland., Bu çalışma, 2012-2021 yılları arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı Kliniği’ne epifora, konjunktival hiperemi ve medial kantusta aniden ortaya çıkan bir kitle varlığı şikâyeti ile getirilen toplam 44 köpeğin değerlendirildiği ilk retrospektif çalışmadır. Getirilen hastaların klinik görünümü, tedavisi ve sonuçları incelenmiştir. Ayrıntılı oftalmolojik muayeneler sonucunda üçüncü göz kapağının kıvrılması ile ilişkili kıkırdağın dışarı dönmesi (16 olgu, 24 göz) ve kıkırdağın dışarı dönmesi ile üçüncü göz kapağı bezinin prolapsusunun (28 olgu, 32 göz) varlığı ortaya çıktı. Kıkırdağın dışarı dönmesi olgularında bozulmuş kıkırdak bölümü uzaklaştırıldı. Kıkırdağın dışarı dönmesine eşlik eden üçüncü göz kapağı bezinin prolapsusu olgularında ise dönen kıkırdağın uzaklaştırılması ile prolabe olan bezin yeniden konumlandırılması için Morgan cep yöntemi uygulandı. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen verilere göre üçüncü göz kapağı ile kıkırdağının dışarı dönmesi ve bu duruma eşlik eden üçüncü göz kapağı bezinin hiperplazisi oluşumunda ırk predispozisyonu, yaş ve cinsiyetin etkisi dikkate alınarak, kullanılan cerrahi yöntemlerin üçüncü göz kapağının fonksiyonunun korunmasında yeterli olduğu belirlendi.

This study investigates whether knowledge gains from news post exposure are different when scrolling through a social media newsfeed on a smartphone compared to a desktop PC. While prior research has mostly focused on new platforms people receive news on (e.g., social media) for political learning, first indications exist that device modality (i.e. exposure on smartphone vs. desktop PC) itself alters news exposure patterns. With the help of mobile eye-tracking, this study investigates cognitive processes that enable learning from exposure among a student sample (n = 122). We extend prior research on the mediating role of attention for learning by investigating whether different frames of political news posts can attenuate this indirect relationship. The study uses a 2 × 2 mixed-subjects design, with the device being a between-subjects condition and news frames (episodic vs thematic) being a within-subjects condition. We find smaller knowledge gains from smartphone news exposure, which cannot be explained by differences in visual attention.

As the number of social media platforms on the market is continuously increasing, concerns and questions about their effects on mental health are also rising. The current study explored the relationship between the problematic use of social media, the absent-minded scrolling behavior, and levels of anxiety. One hundred and fifty-four participants were given an online questionnaire to assess their manners of social media use focusing on the social media scrolling experience and self-reported anxiety levels using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment tool (GAD-7). There were strong and positive relationships between the problematic use of social media platforms and the absent-minded scrolling behavior, with a statistically significant relationship with levels of anxiety. Results indicated that social media scrolling is becoming a problematic habit that helps users escape their reality and avoid problems.

Reading with central vision loss (CVL), as caused by macular disease, may be enhanced by presenting text using dynamic formats such as horizontally scrolling text or rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The rationale for these dynamic text formats is that they can be read while holding gaze away from the text, potentially supporting reading while using the eccentric viewing strategy. This study was designed to evaluate the practice of reading with CVL, with passages of text presented as static sentences, horizontal scrolling sentences, or as single word RSVP. In separate studies, normally sighted participants with a simulated (artificial) central scotoma, controlled by an eye-tracker, or participants with CVL resulting from macular degeneration, read passages of text using the eccentric viewing technique. Comprehension was better overall with scrolling text when reading with a simulated CVL, while RSVP produced lower overall comprehension and high error rates. Analysis of eye movement behaviour showed that participants consistently adopted a strategy of making multiple horizontal saccades on the text itself. Adherence to using eccentric viewing was better with RSVP, but this did not translate into better reading performance. Participants with macular degeneration, and an actual CVL, also showed the highest comprehension and lowest error rates with scrolling text, and the lowest comprehension and highest errors with RSVP. We conclude that scrolling text can support effective reading in people with central vision loss and has potential as a reading aid.

The study of consumer responses to advertising has recently expanded to include the use of eye-tracking to track the gaze of consumers. The calibration and validation of eye-gaze have typically been measured on large screens in static, controlled settings. However, little is known about how precise gaze localizations and eye fixations are on smaller screens such as smartphones, and in moving feed-based conditions, such as those found on social media websites. We tested the precision of eye-tracking fixation detection algorithms relative to raw gaze mapping, in natural scrolling conditions. Our results demonstrate that default fixation detection algorithms normally employed by hardware providers exhibit suboptimal performance on mobile phones. In this paper, we provide a detailed account of how different parameters in eye-tracking software can affect the validity and reliability of critical metrics, such as Percent Seen and Total Fixation Duration. We provide recommendations for producing optimal eye-tracking metrics for content on small screens, such as smartphones, and vertically moving environments, such as a social media feed. The adjustments to the fixation detection algorithm we propose improves the accuracy of Percent Seen by 19% compared to a leading eye-tracking provider's default fixation filter settings. The methodological approach provided in this paper could additionally serve as a framework for assessing the validity of applied neuroscience methods and metrics beyond mobile eye-tracking.

International audience; When soil remediation specialists clean up a new site, they have a long time manually revising digital reports previously written by other experts, where they look for necessary information in accordance with similar characteristics of polluted fields. Important information lies in tables, graphs, maps, drawings and their associated captions. Therefore, experts have to be able to quickly access these content-rich elements, instead of manually scrolling through each page of entire reports. Since this information is multimodal (image and text) and follows a semantically hierarchical structure, we propose a classification algorithm that takes these two constraints into account. In contrast to existing works using either multimodal system or hierarchical classification model, we explore the combination of state-of-the-art methods from multimodal systems (image and text modalities) and hierarchical classification systems. By this combination, we tackle the constraints of our classification process: small dataset, missing modalities, noisy data, and non-English corpus. Our evaluation shows that the multimodal hierarchical system outperforms the unimodal and that the performance of multimodal system with a joint combination of hierarchical classification and flat classification on different modalities provides promising results.

One of the major sources of power drain in smartphones is a frame rendering and display process called graphics pipeline, in which power consumption depends largely on frame rendering operations per second (fps), known as the frame rate, and the quantity of UI content to be rendered. We discovered a major problem causing power consumption upon a scrolling operation: The Android graphics pipeline renders all or a large portion of the content displayed most recently at a frame rate of nearly 60 fps. This paper proposes a scrolling-aware rendering (SCAR) scheme to reduce the frame rate caused by a scrolling. When rendering a frame for UI content to be displayed, SCAR pre-renders UI content that is likely to be displayed soon in any subsequent scrolling operation. This frame is extended to place the pre-rendered UI content contiguously with the UI content to be displayed. Upon a subsequent scrolling, SCAR repositions the extended frame on screen by a scrolling distance instead of rendering a new frame. Our experiments on a smartphone show that SCAR reduced frame rates to below one fps in scrolling, thus saving power by up to 30%.

To write about the convent, I turned to the picture postcard. Researching a book about Catholic girlhoods, I’ve found myself on eBay, scrolling through hundreds of images of convent school building...

The monolayer MoS2 based photodetectors have been widely investigated, which show limited photoelectric performances due to its low light absorption and uncontrollable adsorbates. In this paper, we present a MoS2-based hybrid nanoscrolls device, in which one-dimensional nanoscrollsof MoS2 is hybridized with carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This device architecture effectively enhanced the photodetection performance. The photoresponsivity and detectivity values of MoS2/CQDs-NS photodetectors are respectively 1793 A W−1 and 5.97 × 1012 Jones, which are 830-fold and 268-fold higher than those of pristine MoS2 under 300 nm illumination at V ds = 5 V. This research indicates a significant progress in fabricating high-performance MoS2 photodetectors.

Reading on touchscreen mobile devices is common in modern society. However, it is difficult to determine which interaction mode has the best reading effect when reading texts of different lengths. Using memory tests, eye-movement data analysis, and task load scale, we studied the effects of paging and vertical scrolling modes on the memory level, visual fatigue, task load, and reading speed of 28 participants reading both long and short texts. The results showed that vertical scrolling has a better memory effect than paging mode when reading short texts, but there was no difference in effect when reading long texts; the blink frequency in paging mode is higher than in scrolling mode whether reading long or short texts; no significant differences were found in reading speed in scrolling or paging mode when reading short or long texts; and in task load, the mental and temporal demands in scrolling mode were lower than in paging mode whether reading long or short texts. Considering that most current mobile readings do not differ in interaction mode according to the length of reading material, our conclusions provide valuable design recommendations to designers working on mobile reading apps.