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Diabetes is one of the most serious chronic diseases that result in high blood sugar levels. Early prediction can significantly diminish the potential jeopardy and severity of diabetes. In this study, different machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to predict whether an unknown sample had diabetes or not. However, the main significance of this research was to provide a clinical decision support system (CDSS) by predicting type 2 diabetes using different ML algorithms. For the research purpose, the publicly available Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset was used. Data preprocessing, K-fold cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, and various ML classifiers such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and histogram-based gradient boosting (HBGB) were used. Several scaling methods were also used to improve the accuracy of the result. For further research, a rule-based approach was used to escalate the effectiveness of the system. After that, the accuracy of DT and HBGB was above 90%. Based on this result, the CDSS was implemented where users can give the required input parameters through a web-based user interface to get decision support with some analytical results for the individual patient. The CDSS, which was implemented, will be beneficial for physicians and patients to make decisions about diabetes diagnosis and offer real-time analysis-based suggestions to improve medical quality. For future work, if daily data of a diabetic patient can be put together, then a better clinical support system can be implemented for daily decision support for patients worldwide.

Background: Bangladesh's readymade garment (RMG) sector has developed as a major employer for individuals with disabilities. The number of workers with disabilities in Bangladesh's RMG industry has grown over the past few years. In Bangladesh, there has no statistics about the quality of life of workers with disabilities after their employment, especially after training-based employment support. Therefore, the researcher is interested to find out the quality of life of workers with disabilities in readymade garments factories in Bangladesh that will determine satisfaction over their life in different aspects. The objectives of this paper were to find out the health-related quality of life and overall satisfaction with life among workers with disabilities in the readymade garment sector in Bangladesh. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 102 participants with disabilities from various Bangladeshi garment factories who ranged up to 18 years by convenient sampling. The WHOQOL questionnaires were used for data collection through a combination of telephone and in-person interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis. Results: Among the total participants 63% of them were women and 37% were men. The results revealed that education and job status significantly impacted on QOL. The majority of participants did not need any assistive devices; most of the participants resided in semi-urban areas, and physical disabilities predominated among them. On the other hand, most of the participants reported their quality of life as neither poor nor good but they were satisfied with health-related QOL. Conclusions: QOL is a vast aspect of every human being. This study finally concluded the overall QOL of maximum Workers with Disabilities in Readymade Garments Factories in Bangladesh was just average and most of them were satisfied with their health-related QOL.

Background: Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) is a surgical technique used to treat unstable intertrochanteric fractures, which are fractures that occur in the upper portion of the thigh bone (femur). The procedure involves using a nail-like device that is inserted into the femur and secured in place with screws to stabilize the fracture and promote healing. It is a commonly used treatment option for this type of fracture and can lead to good outcomes in most cases. The aim of the study was to observe the outcome of Unstable Intertrochanteric fracture by Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN). Material Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years, from July 2017 to June 2019. A total of 34 cases were included in the study sing purposive sampling (non-randomized) according to availability of the patients and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The participants’ age range was 16-90, with a mean of 56.91 ± 17.76. Most (35.29%) were 61-75 years old. 61.76% were female and 38.24% were male. 50% were housewives, 14.71% ex-service holders, 14.71% service holders, 11.76% businessmen, 5.88% students, and 2.94% farmers. The leading cause of injury was falls on slippery ground (55.88%), followed by motor vehicle injuries (44.12%). 70.59% of injuries occurred on the right side and 29.41% on the left. 76% had Kyle Type III fractures, 24% had type IV. 85.29% had open reduction, 14.71% had closed reduction. The mean duration of injury to operation was 15.59 days and the mean hospital stay was 19.15 days. 70.59% had no complications and 55.88% reported no pain at last follow-up. 58.82% had a good Harris hip score and 58.82% had excellent outcomes by final follow-up. Conclusion: The majority of patients in this study were in the 61-75 age range and female, with the most common cause of injury being falls on slippery ground. The most common fracture type was Kyle type IV, with a major portion of cases requiring open reduction. The rate of complications was relatively low, and the functional outcomes were acceptable and comparable to other studies. The duration of injury to operation and hospital stay were slightly longer than other studies, likely due to the busy nature of the study location. Overall, the Proximal Femoral Nail is a safe and effective treatment option for unstable proximal femoral fractures.

Purpose. This study aimed to provide the central bank of Bangladesh with some empirical data on the impact of bank agricultural credit on agricultural output as a priority sector lending. Methodology / approach. Econometric analysis is applied to discover the nature of the relationship between banks’ agricultural credit and agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and to find the impact of bank agricultural credit on agricultural output in Bangladesh. Data are extracted from secondary sources, i.e., Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, World Bank, and Ministry of Finance for 1991 to 2018. Time-series data are analyzed using the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test and the Johansen cointegration test and later examined with Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test confirmed that the variables were non-stationary at their level data and became stationary after taking their first difference value. Since the variables are integrated at I(1), we performed the Johansen Co-integration test. Subsequently, one co-integration equation was found, and Vector Error Correction Model estimation was done afterwards. According to the results of VECM estimation, bank agricultural credit, pesticide consumption, and use of cropped areas have long-run relation with agricultural output. Originality / scientific novelty. This study reveals the nature of relationship and assessment of the impact of bank credit on agricultural GDP with empirically valid techniques and tools. In this context, the data from Bangladesh remains very rare. Moreover, for those works which have been done in the context of Bangladesh, appropriate methods and techniques are not always inherent. Hence, this significant research gap is addressed in our present study. Thus, we expect that the findings of this study from Bangladesh based on empirically valid standard techniques can incrementally contribute to the existing literature. Practical value / implications. Findings of this research, can be used as an information basis by the central bank of Bangladesh. Based on the findings of this research, Bangladesh Bank should initiate new policies and programs regarding agricultural credit for the projected increase in agricultural GDP in Bangladesh.

Entrepreneurs contribute to economic development regarding innovation, job creation and income generation. It is also effectively recognized as a fundamental part of economic development and vital in lifting countries from poverty. Women entrepreneurs organize and manage an organization, particularly a business. Women’s entrepreneurship has consistently expanded worldwide during the 20th and 21st centuries. Bangladesh will have a big number of young women and productive workers after the COVID-19 epidemic, allowing them to engage in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector. Women entrepreneurs can help in the elimination of hunger, the reduction of inequities, and the improvement of children’s nutrition, health, and school attendance. Also, it has been acknowledged as an important source of economic growth since it creates new jobs and provides society with various solutions to managerial, organizational, and business challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the impact of technological factors, parental support factors, municipal factors, knowledge and skills factors, psychological factors, and financial factors on women’s engagement in innovative business development in the context of Bangladesh’s SME sector in the post COVID-19 pandemic. This study included both statistical and discussion of the data. Data was collected from over 300 real Bangladeshi ladies using an online purposive sampling approach. To test hypotheses, the data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, collinearity statistics, and other regression analyses. As per study’s results, most variables, including administrative, scientific, and familial cooperation, knowledge and skills, psychological, and financial component, has both advantages statistically impressive relationship with women’s involvement in the context of the SME area in Bangladesh in the post COVID-19 pandemic. In the post COVID-19 pandemic, everyone from every sector will use the findings to encourage women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities in the context of the SME division in Bangladesh.

This present research aimed to investigate the effect of slice thickness and concentration of the osmotic solution on mass transfer kinetics, the color profile of osmotically dehydrated pineapple slices, and product quality characteristics of osmotically dehydrated microwave-dried (ODMWD) products. Three slice thicknesses (0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm) and three concentrations of osmotic solution (40, 50, and 60 °Brix) were used. The mass transfer kinetics (moisture reduction behaviour, weight loss, solid gain), physicochemical properties (color, TSS, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and total sugar), and total phenolic content of pineapple slices were analyzed. During osmotic dehydration, the moisture reduction behaviour of 0.5 cm slices was faster in all osmotic solutions, whereas water loss and solid gain were higher for all slices treated with 60 °Brix. Both slice thickness and concentration of the solution significantly affected the color of OD pineapple slices. For ODMWD products, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, ascorbic acid content, total sugar, and total phenolic content increased for all slice thicknesses with an increase in osmotic solution concentration, whereas titratable acidity exhibited the opposite result. The rehydration ratio was higher in 0.5 cm slices for all solution concentrations. According to the finding, pineapple fruits can be dehydrated by using 60 °Brix solution concentration with 0.5 cm slices for making dehydrated pineapple fruit, and osmotic dehydration followed by microwave drying of pineapple fruit could be used for value-added processing products.

Background: Stricture urethra is a frequent urological problem and substitution urethroplasty is the standard treatment for longer (>2 cm) urerthral strictures, multiple urethral strictures and recurrent strictures. Currently, buccal mucosa graft (BMG) is the preferred donor site for substitution urethroplasty which is associated with donor site morbidities. The mucosa covering the lateral and undersurface of the tongue is identical to the rest of the lining of oral cavity and seems to be associated with less risk of donor site complications. The aim of the study was to compare the surgical outcome and donor site morbidity of buccal versus lingual mucosa graft in anterior urethroplasty. Methods: A prospective experimental study was done in the department of Urology Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of April 2017 to September 2018. Total 54 Patients were included by purposive sampling for the study as per inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Patients were than allocated into two groups. Group A consisted of 27 patients where Lingual mucosa graft (LMG) urethroplasty done and group B also consisted of 27 patients where Buccal mucosa graft (BMG) urethroplasty done. Results: In the present study, the baseline characteristics of the patients in group A and Group B were almost similar having no statistically significant difference. The overall surgical outcome between two groups was in group A 92% and in group B 88%. The inter-group difference was not statistically significant. Donor site complications more frequently occurred in Group B. Pain in oral cavity at 3rd week in Group A was in 1(4%) patient and in group B was in 9(36%) patients, at 6th month follow up, eating and drinking problem (Group A 4% versus group B 32%), peri-numbness (Group A 4% versus Group B 28%), oral tightness (Group A 0% versus Group B 32%), salivary disturbance (Group A 0% versus Group B 28%) were significant statistically (p

This work aims to investigate and assess the beneficial function and feasibility of nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) assisted machining. The goal is to develop newly generated CNT based nano hybrid cutting fluid and demonstrate its effect on surface roughness of Al alloy. Moreover, the fabricated nano hybrid cutting fluid will eventually reduce cutting fluid consumptions and maintain an eco-friendly environment. Three conditions were used to perform the machining process such as dry condition, conventional oil and Al_2O_3/CNT nanoparticle with EVO oil as base fluid. The lowest surface roughness achieved for nanofluid and the maximum surface roughness for the dry condition. In terms of looking for optimum parametric combination, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) have been used. The ANN technique has proved its efficiency since its correlation coefficients, mean prediction errors (MPEs), and root mean square errors (RMSEs) are small compared to the RSM approach.

No one is calling the Russia-Ukraine conflict is considered the commencement of World War III right now. But all analyzes see it as Europe's biggest conflict since World War II as the war dragged on and it assumed a different character as well. The opening weeks of Russia's invasion of Ukraine were a war of military strategy. On the other hand, the Ukrainian troops-built resistance was necessary to stop the enemy's advance. In military strategy, a well-trained and efficient army is necessary to conduct war properly. Over the past six years, with the help of Western allies, Ukraine has been able to build a military capable of such a war. As part of such a war, where resistance is needed (such as in Kyiv), the Ukrainian military has done so. Again, the army has withdrawn from where it is necessary to retreat (Donetsk and Luhansk). The Russian - Ukraine war can be considered a multi-dimensional disaster, which is likely to get much worse in the foreseeable future because while a war is successful, little attention is paid to its causes, but when the outcome is disastrous, understanding how it happened becomes paramount. All in all, this study intends to provide an overview of the Russia-Ukraine war and its causes with Waltz's three Images as Individual, Domestic Politics, and international systems as well. In addition to this, it also has attempted to understand the long-term effect(s) on world politics as well.

Probiotics are gaining popularity both empirically and scientifically as eco-friendly alternatives in aquaculture. The present research proposed to examine the influences of selective probiotics on the growth, hematology, microbes, and morphology of the intestine of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) in a biofloc system. Additionally, this study evaluated the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of specific probiotics used in the biofloc system. Stinging catfish fingerlings (average weight 0.86 ± 0.26 g) were equally distributed (250 fingerlings/400 L water-filled PVC tank) into three treatment groups and reared for 16 weeks. Two commercial probiotics (CP-1 and CP-2) and one laboratory-developed probiotic were used in the study. The results showed significantly higher growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), feed efficiency, improved intestinal microbiota, and enhanced morphology in fish reared with laboratory-developed probiotics in the biofloc system. Moreover, indicators of increased immune responses, such as enhancements in the intestinal mucosal fold, width of enterocytes and lamina propria, and abundance of goblet cells, were also observed in fish reared with laboratory-developed probiotics. The BCR, which determined business profitability, was also highest for the laboratory-developed probiotics in the biofloc system. Therefore, the results suggest that laboratory-developed probiotics are economically viable and environmentally friendly growth stimulators for stinging catfish culture in a biofloc system.

Under-five mortality has remained a significant public health concern in Bangladesh despite a consistent decline over the previous few years. The purpose of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for under-five mortality in Bangladesh. Data from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey are used in the study. The study outcome variable was survival time, which was obtained from the variable age at death for the event and the current age of the child for the censored observation. Based on literature assessment, nine covariates were chosen for this study. Product-Limit (P-L) estimator and Log-Rank tests were performed to assess the association between the outcome variables and the selected covariates. The Cox proportional hazard model was also employed in this study to identify potential risk factors for under-five mortality. After fitting the Cox PH model, the factors that significantly affect under-5 mortality include mother's age at birth (< 20), mother's age at birth (> 30), and Sylhet division. Children whose mothers were under 20 and over 30 years old have mortality rates that are 47.5% and 68.7% higher, respectively, than children whose mothers were between the ages of 20 and 30. Regional differences had an impact on child mortality as well. Children in the divisions of Barisal, Rangpur, Khulna, Mymensingh, and Sylhet had death rates that were, in comparison to children in the division of Dhaka, 5.5%, 7.8%, 9.6%, 11.2%, and 55.3% higher. Keywords: Cox PH model, Determinants, Demographic Factors, Product-Limit (P-L) Estimator, Log-Rank test, Under-five mortality, Socio-Economic Factors. Title: Determinants of Under-Five Child Mortality in Bangladesh: Findings from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2017-18 Author: Most Sifat Muntaha Soni, Md. Sazzad Hossain, Md. Matiur Rahman Molla, Adrita Modak International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing ISSN 2394-7330 Vol. 10, Issue 2, May 2023 - August 2023 Page No: 107-115 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 14-June-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8036951 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Determinants%20of%20Under-Five%20Child-14062023-2.pdf, International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing, ISSN 2394-7330, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.com