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6. The Moderating Role of Neuroticism on Evaluative Conditioning: Evidence From Ambiguous Learning Situations

Author

Bunghez, C, Rusu, A, De Houwer, J, Perugini, M, Boddez, Y, Sava, F, Bunghez C., Rusu A., De Houwer J., Perugini M., Boddez Y., Sava F. A., Bunghez, C, Rusu, A, De Houwer, J, Perugini, M, Boddez, Y, Sava, F, Bunghez C., Rusu A., De Houwer J., Perugini M., Boddez Y., and Sava F. A.

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated a link between neuroticism and negative biases. Although some studies suggest that people with high neuroticism give more weight to negative information, others suggest that they respond more strongly to both positive and negative information. We investigated whether neuroticism is related to the evaluation of conditioned stimuli (CSs) in evaluative conditioning procedures that involve ambiguous learning conditions. We created ambiguous situations where CSs were paired with unconditioned stimuli (USs) consisting of both positive and negative pictures (Experiment 1) or paired alternatingly with positive and negative USs (Experiment 2). In addition to CSs consistently paired with positive and negative USs, we introduced neutral USs as a control condition. Our findings revealed that neurotic individuals negatively evaluated the CSs from ambiguous conditions relative to neutral conditions. In addition, participants with high neuroticism scores generally rated CSs more negatively. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Published
2023

7. The Moderating Role of Neuroticism on Evaluative Conditioning: New Insights on the Processes Underlying This Relationship

Author

Casini, E, Richetin, J, Sava, F, Perugini, M, Casini E., Richetin J., Sava F. A., Perugini M., Casini, E, Richetin, J, Sava, F, Perugini, M, Casini E., Richetin J., Sava F. A., and Perugini M.

Abstract

Evaluative conditioning is an effect consisting of a change in the valence of a neutral stimulus (Conditioned Stimulus, CS) that results from pairing it with a valenced stimulus (Unconditioned Stimulus, US). The present contribution examined whether and how this effect is moderated by Neuroticism, a personality trait articulated in facets and characterized by a high focus on valence. For this purpose, 242 participants completed an EC procedure and a comprehensive survey to assess Neuroticism. Multilevel analyses indicated the EC effect of negative and positive USs to be stronger for people high in anxiety and vulnerability, two Neuroticism facets. This moderation effect was explained by a stronger reaction to the idiosyncratic valence of the US. This result has implications for both EC and personality research. The findings suggest the importance of considering USs’ idiosyncratic evaluation as a potential critical aspect for a significant EC effect and provide novel theoretical insights on how the EC effect takes place in people showing high levels of Neuroticism-related facets.

Published
2023

8. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Thi Thu Bui H., Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Thi Thu Bui, H, Gardiner G., Lee D. I., Baranski E., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Forero D., Camargo A., Papastefanakis E., Kritsotakis G., Spyridaki E., Fragkiadaki E., Jerneic Z., Hrebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Becker M., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdia V. L., Rauthmann J., Ziegler M., Penke L., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Lavalekar A., Aurelia M. Z., Kinayung D., Gaffar V., Sullivan G., Day C., Rechter E., Perugini M., Costantini G., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Mottola F., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Komiya A., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klaeva K., Kausar R., Khan N., Rizwan M., Espinosa A., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Szarota P., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Barry O., Smederevac S., Colovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Hong R., Halama P., Musek J., De Kock F., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Oceja L., Villar S., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Kulich C., Lorenzi-Cioldi F., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Baguma P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Conner M., Rentfrow J., Tullett A., Sauerberger K., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., and Thi Thu Bui H.

Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.

Published
2023

10. A Roadmap for Future Interactions Between Research on Personality and Learning

Author

De Houwer, J, Perugini, M, Boddez, Y, Sava, F, De Houwer, J, Perugini, M, Boddez, Y, and Sava, F

Abstract

In this introduction to the special collection of papers on the relation between learning and personality research, we provide a functional-cognitive framework that can guide interactions between learning and personality researchers. It highlights that learning researchers can treat personality variables as potential (first or second order) moderators of learning effects. They can also examine whether the effects of personality on learning itself depend on other moderators. Personality researchers can benefit from looking for stable individual differences in known learning effects. Together with learning researchers, they can analyze personality as learned and thus malleable behavior. We end by summarizing the papers of the special collection and by situating them within our framework.

Published
2023

11. The Dynamic Interplay of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Undergraduate Students

Author

Marian, S, Costantini, G, Macsinga, I, Sava, F, Marian, Stefan, Costantini, Giulio, Macsinga, Irina, Sava, Florin Alin, Marian, S, Costantini, G, Macsinga, I, Sava, F, Marian, Stefan, Costantini, Giulio, Macsinga, Irina, and Sava, Florin Alin

Abstract

The network perspective on psychopathology suggests that mental disorders can be regarded as networks of elements that influence each other. In this study, we used network analysis to explore the temporal interactions of anxiety and depression symptoms at the level of day-to-day experiences and find potential explanatory pathways for their comorbidity. We collected intensive longitudinal data from a sample of undergraduate students and fitted a Multilevel Vector Autoregressive model on GAD and MDD DSM-5 symptoms. “Sad mood” and “Concentration difficulties” were responsible for the most connections between anxiety and depression symptoms and were also among the most central symptoms. It is possible that anxio-depressive comorbidity can be explained by the presence of “Sad mood” and “Concentration difficulties” and targeting these two symptoms in therapy can lead to beneficial effects in comorbid cases.

Published
2023

13. Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in six continents

Author

Baranski E., Gardiner G., Lee D., Funder D. C., Beramendi M., Bastian B., Neubauer A., Cortez D., Roth E., Torres A., Zanini D. S., Petkova K., Tracy J., Amiot C. E., Pelletier-Dumas M., Gonzalez R., Rosenbluth A., Salgado S., Guan Y., Yang Y., Buchtel E. E., Yeung V. W. -L., Forero D. A., Camargo A., Jerneic Z., Hroebickova M., Graf S., Strobaek P., Realo A., Maisonneuve C., El-Astal S., Gamsakhurdi V. L., Ziegler M., Penke L., Rauthmann J., Kun A., Gadanecz P., Vass Z., Smohai M., Das A., Lavalekar A., Rechter E., Gnisci A., Sergi I., Senese V. P., Perugini M., Costantini G., Komiya A., Sato T., Nakata Y., Kawamoto S., Al-Zoubi M., Owsley N., Jang C., Mburu G., Ngina I., Dimdins G., Barkauskiene R., Laurinavicius A., Markovikj M., Serafimovska E., Mastor K. A., Kruse E., Ramirez-Esparza N., Denissen J., Van Aken M., Fischer R., Onyishi I. E., Ogba K. T., Leknes S., Holen V. W., Hansen I., Tamnes C. K., Klava K., Rizwan M., Kausar R., Khan N., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Quinones D. M. A., Szarota P., Izdebski P., Kotysko M., Henriques-Calado J., Sava F. A., Lvova O., Pogrebitskaya V., Allakhverdov M., Manichev S., Polovic P., Mitrovic D., Oljaca M., Smederevac S., Hong R., Barry O., Halama P., Musek J., Han G., Suh E. M., Choi S., Oceja L., Villar S., Gallardo-Pujol D., Kekecs Z., Arlinghaus N., Johnson D. P., O'Donnell A. K., Buhler J. L., Allemand M., Chang Y. -P., Lin W. -F., Boonyasiriwat W., Saribay S. A., Somer O., Akalin P. K., Vinogradov A., Zhuravlova L., Rentfrow J., Conner M., Tullett A., Colman D. E., Cheng J. T., Stocks E., Bui H. T. T., Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Baranski, E, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Jerneic, Z, Hroebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdi, V, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Rauthmann, J, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Das, A, Lavalekar, A, Rechter, E, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Komiya, A, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klava, K, Rizwan, M, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Szarota, P, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Polovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Smederevac, S, Hong, R, Barry, O, Halama, P, Musek, J, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Rentfrow, J, Conner, M, Tullett, A, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, Bui, H, Baranski, E., Gardiner, G., Lee, D., Funder, D. C., Beramendi, M., Bastian, B., Neubauer, A., Cortez, D., Roth, E., Torres, A., Zanini, Z., Petkova, K., Tracy, J., Amiot, C. E., Pelletierdumas, M., González, R., Rosenbluth, A., Salgado, S., Guan, Y., Yang, Y., Buchtel, E. E., Wai-Lan Yeung, V., Forero, D. A., Camargo, A., Jerneic, Z., Hrõebícková, M., Graf, S., Strøbæk, P., Realo, A., Becker, M., Maisonneuve, C., El-Astal, S., Lado, V., Ziegler, M., Penke, L., Rauthmann, J., Kun, A., Gadanecz, P., Vass, Z., Smohai, M., Das, A., Lavalekar, A., Rechter, E., Gnisci, A., Sergi, I., Senese, V. P., Perugini, M., Costantini, G., Komiya, A., Sato, T., Nakata, Y., Kawamoto, S., Al-Zoubi, M., Owsley, N., Jang, C., Mburu, G., Ngina, I., Dimdins, G., Barkauskiene, R., Laurinavicius, A., Markovikj, M., Serafimovska, E., Mastor, K. A., Kruse, E., Ramírezesparza, N., Denissen, J., Van Aken, M., Fischer, R., Onyishi, I. E., Ogba, K. T., Lekne, Waldal Holen, V., Hansen, I., Tamnes, C. K., Klæva, K., Rizwan, M., Kausar, R., Khan, N., Gastardo- Conaco, M. C., Malaya, D., Szarota, P., Izdebski, P., İstinye Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, and Akalin, Pelin Karakus

Subjects
Volition, College Students, Volitional personality change, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, College student, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Emotions, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Cross-cultural, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Students, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Personality
Abstract

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals' active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Published
2021

14. Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries

Author

Imhoff, R, Zimmer, F, Klein, O, António, J, Babinska, M, Bangerter, A, Bilewicz, M, Blanuša, N, Bovan, K, Bužarovska, R, Cichocka, A, Delouvée, S, Douglas, K, Dyrendal, A, Etienne, T, Gjoneska, B, Graf, S, Gualda, E, Hirschberger, G, Kende, A, Kutiyski, Y, Krekó, P, Krouwel, A, Mari, S, Đorđević, J, Panasiti, M, Pantazi, M, Petkovski, L, Porciello, G, Rabelo, A, Radu, R, Sava, F, Schepisi, M, Sutton, R, Swami, V, Thórisdóttir, H, Turjačanin, V, Wagner-Egger, P, Žeželj, I, van Prooijen, J, Imhoff, Roland, Zimmer, Felix, Klein, Olivier, António, João H. C., Babinska, Maria, Bangerter, Adrian, Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, Nebojša, Bovan, Kosta, Bužarovska, Rumena, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Delouvée, Sylvain, Douglas, Karen M., Dyrendal, Asbjørn, Etienne, Tom, Gjoneska, Biljana, Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, Estrella, Hirschberger, Gilad, Kende, Anna, Kutiyski, Yordan, Krekó, Peter, Krouwel, Andre, Mari, Silvia, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pantazi, Myrto, Petkovski, Ljupcho, Porciello, Giuseppina, Rabelo, André, Radu, Raluca Nicoleta, Sava, Florin A., Schepisi, Michael, Sutton, Robbie M., Swami, Viren, Thórisdóttir, Hulda, Turjačanin, Vladimir, Wagner-Egger, Pascal, Žeželj, Iris, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Imhoff, R, Zimmer, F, Klein, O, António, J, Babinska, M, Bangerter, A, Bilewicz, M, Blanuša, N, Bovan, K, Bužarovska, R, Cichocka, A, Delouvée, S, Douglas, K, Dyrendal, A, Etienne, T, Gjoneska, B, Graf, S, Gualda, E, Hirschberger, G, Kende, A, Kutiyski, Y, Krekó, P, Krouwel, A, Mari, S, Đorđević, J, Panasiti, M, Pantazi, M, Petkovski, L, Porciello, G, Rabelo, A, Radu, R, Sava, F, Schepisi, M, Sutton, R, Swami, V, Thórisdóttir, H, Turjačanin, V, Wagner-Egger, P, Žeželj, I, van Prooijen, J, Imhoff, Roland, Zimmer, Felix, Klein, Olivier, António, João H. C., Babinska, Maria, Bangerter, Adrian, Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, Nebojša, Bovan, Kosta, Bužarovska, Rumena, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Delouvée, Sylvain, Douglas, Karen M., Dyrendal, Asbjørn, Etienne, Tom, Gjoneska, Biljana, Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, Estrella, Hirschberger, Gilad, Kende, Anna, Kutiyski, Yordan, Krekó, Peter, Krouwel, Andre, Mari, Silvia, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pantazi, Myrto, Petkovski, Ljupcho, Porciello, Giuseppina, Rabelo, André, Radu, Raluca Nicoleta, Sava, Florin A., Schepisi, Michael, Sutton, Robbie M., Swami, Viren, Thórisdóttir, Hulda, Turjačanin, Vladimir, Wagner-Egger, Pascal, Žeželj, Iris, and van Prooijen, Jan-Willem

Abstract

People differ in their general tendency to endorse conspiracy theories (that is, conspiracy mentality). Previous research yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship between conspiracy mentality and political orientation, showing a greater conspiracy mentality either among the political right (a linear relation) or amongst both the left and right extremes (a curvilinear relation). We revisited this relationship across two studies spanning 26 countries (combined N = 104,253) and found overall evidence for both linear and quadratic relations, albeit small and heterogeneous across countries. We also observed stronger support for conspiracy mentality among voters of opposition parties (that is, those deprived of political control). Nonetheless, the quadratic effect of political orientation remained significant when adjusting for political control deprivation. We conclude that conspiracy mentality is associated with extreme left- and especially extreme right-wing beliefs, and that this non-linear relation may be strengthened by, but is not reducible to, deprivation of political control.

Published
2022

15. Effect of the stacking order, annealing temperature and atmosphere on crystal phase and optical properties of Cu2SnS3.

Author

Zaki, M. Y., Sava, F., Simandan, I. D., Buruiana, A. T., Mihai, C., Velea, A., and Galca, A. C.

Subjects
*CRYSTAL optics, *BAND gaps, *THIN films, *MAGNETRON sputtering, *SOLAR cells, *COSMIC abundances
Abstract

Cu2SnS3 (CTS) is emerging as a promising absorber for the next generation thin film solar cells (TFSC) due to its excellent optical and electronic properties, earth-abundance and eco-friendly elemental composition. In addition, CTS can be used as precursor films for the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) synthesis. The optical properties of CTS are influenced by stoichiometry, crystalline structure, secondary phases and crystallite size. Routes for obtaining CTS films with optimized properties for TFSC are still being sought. Here, the CTS thin films synthesized by magnetron sputtering on soda lime glass (SLG) using Cu and SnS2 targets in two different stacks, were studied. The SLG\Cu\SnS2 and SLG\SnS2\Cu stacks were annealed in S and Sn + S atmospheres, at various temperatures. Both stacks show a polymorphic structure, and higher annealing temperatures favor the monoclinic CTS phase formation. Morphology is influenced by the stacking order since a SnS2 top layer generates several voids on the surface due to the evaporation of SnS, while a Cu top layer provides uniform and void-free surfaces. The films in the copper-capped stack annealed under Sn + S atmosphere have the best structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties, with tunable band gaps between 1.18 and 1.37 eV. Remarkably, secondary phases are present only in a very low percent (< 3.5%) in samples annealed at higher temperatures. This new synthesis strategy opens the way for obtaining CTS thin films for solar cell applications, that can be used also as intermediary stage for CZTS synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
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16. Effect of the stacking order, annealing temperature and atmosphere on crystal phase and optical properties of Cu2SnS3.

Author

Zaki, M. Y., Sava, F., Simandan, I. D., Buruiana, A. T., Mihai, C., Velea, A., and Galca, A. C.

Subjects
CRYSTAL optics, BAND gaps, THIN films, MAGNETRON sputtering, SOLAR cells, COSMIC abundances
Abstract

Cu2SnS3 (CTS) is emerging as a promising absorber for the next generation thin film solar cells (TFSC) due to its excellent optical and electronic properties, earth-abundance and eco-friendly elemental composition. In addition, CTS can be used as precursor films for the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) synthesis. The optical properties of CTS are influenced by stoichiometry, crystalline structure, secondary phases and crystallite size. Routes for obtaining CTS films with optimized properties for TFSC are still being sought. Here, the CTS thin films synthesized by magnetron sputtering on soda lime glass (SLG) using Cu and SnS2 targets in two different stacks, were studied. The SLG\Cu\SnS2 and SLG\SnS2\Cu stacks were annealed in S and Sn + S atmospheres, at various temperatures. Both stacks show a polymorphic structure, and higher annealing temperatures favor the monoclinic CTS phase formation. Morphology is influenced by the stacking order since a SnS2 top layer generates several voids on the surface due to the evaporation of SnS, while a Cu top layer provides uniform and void-free surfaces. The films in the copper-capped stack annealed under Sn + S atmosphere have the best structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties, with tunable band gaps between 1.18 and 1.37 eV. Remarkably, secondary phases are present only in a very low percent (< 3.5%) in samples annealed at higher temperatures. This new synthesis strategy opens the way for obtaining CTS thin films for solar cell applications, that can be used also as intermediary stage for CZTS synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. The Dynamic Interplay of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in a Sample of Undergraduate Students

Author

Stefan Marian, Giulio Costantini, Irina Macsinga, Florin Alin Sava, Marian, S, Costantini, G, Macsinga, I, and Sava, F

Subjects
Clinical Psychology, Multivariate vector auto-regression, Depression, Anxiety, Network analysi, Experience sampling
Abstract

The network perspective on psychopathology suggests that mental disorders can be regarded as networks of elements that influence each other. In this study, we used network analysis to explore the temporal interactions of anxiety and depression symptoms at the level of day-to-day experiences and find potential explanatory pathways for their comorbidity. We collected intensive longitudinal data from a sample of undergraduate students and fitted a Multilevel Vector Autoregressive model on GAD and MDD DSM-5 symptoms. “Sad mood” and “Concentration difficulties” were responsible for the most connections between anxiety and depression symptoms and were also among the most central symptoms. It is possible that anxio-depressive comorbidity can be explained by the presence of “Sad mood” and “Concentration difficulties” and targeting these two symptoms in therapy can lead to beneficial effects in comorbid cases.

Published
2022

18. The economic well-being of nations is associated with positive daily situational experiences

Author

Gwendolyn Gardiner, Daniel I. Lee, Erica Baranski, David C. Funder, Maite Beramendi, Brock Bastian, Aljoscha Neubauer, Diego Cortez, Eric Roth, Ana Torres, Daniela S. Zanini, Kristina Petkova, Jessica Tracy, Catherine Amiot, Mathieu Pelletier-Dumas, Roberto González, Ana Rosenbluth, Sergio Salgado, Yanjun Guan, Yu Yang, Diego Forero, Andrés Camargo, Emmanouil Papastefanakis, Georgios Kritsotakis, Eirini Spyridaki, Evangelia Fragkiadaki, Željko Jerneić, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Pernille Strøbæk, Anu Realo, Maja Becker, Christelle Maisonneuve, Sofian El-Astal, Vladimer Lado Gamsakhurdia, John Rauthmann, Matthias Ziegler, Lars Penke, Emma E. Buchtel, Victoria Wai-Lan Yeung, Ágota Kun, Peter Gadanecz, Zoltán Vass, Máté Smohai, Anagha Lavalekar, Meta Zahro Aurelia, Dian Kinayung, Vanessa Gaffar, Gavin Sullivan, Christopher Day, Eyal Rechter, Marco Perugini, Giulio Costantini, Augusto Gnisci, Ida Sergi, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Francesca Mottola, Tatsuya Sato, Yuki Nakata, Shizuka Kawamoto, Asuka Komiya, Marwan Al-Zoubi, Nicholas Owsley, Chaning Jang, Georgina Mburu, Irene Ngina, Girts Dimdins, Rasa Barkauskiene, Alfredas Laurinavicius, Marijana Markovikj, Eleonara Serafimovska, Khairul A. Mastor, Elliott Kruse, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Jaap Denissen, Marcel Van Aken, Ron Fischer, Ike E. Onyishi, Kalu T. Ogba, Siri Leknes, Vera Waldal Holen, Ingelin Hansen, Christian Krog Tamnes, Kaia Klæva, Rukhsana Kausar, Nashi Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Agustín Espinosa, Maria Cecilia Gastardo-Conaco, Diwa Malaya A. Quiñones, Paweł Izdebski, Martyna Kotyśko, Piotr Szarota, Joana Henriques-Calado, Florin Alin Sava, Olya Lvova, Victoria Pogrebitskaya, Mikhail Allakhverdov, Sergey Manichev, Oumar Barry, Snežana Smederevac, Petar Čolović, Dušanka Mitrović, Milan Oljača, Ryan Hong, Peter Halama, Janek Musek, Francois De Kock, Gyuseog Han, Eunkook M. Suh, Soyeon Choi, David Gallardo-Pujol, Luis Oceja, Sergio Villar, Zoltan Kekecs, Nils Arlinghaus, Daniel P. Johnson, Alice Kathryn O'Donnell, Clara Kulich, Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi, Janina Larissa Bühler, Mathias Allemand, Yen-Ping Chang, Wei-fang Lin, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, S. Adil Saribay, Oya Somer, Pelin Karakus Akalin, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Alexander Vinogradov, Larisa Zhuravlova, Mark Conner, Jason Rentfrow, Alexa Tullett, Kyle Sauerberger, Douglas E. Colman, Joey T. Cheng, Eric Stocks, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Gardiner, Gwendolyn, Lee, Daniel I., Baranski, Erica, Funder, David C., Beramendi, Maite, Bastian, Brock, Neubauer, Aljoscha, Cortez, Diego, Roth, Eric, Torres, Ana, Zanini, Daniela S., Petkova, Kristina, Tracy, Jessica, Amiot, Catherine, Pelletier-Dumas, Mathieu, González, Roberto, Rosenbluth, Ana, Salgado, Sergio, Guan, Yanjun, Yang, Yu, Forero, Diego, Camargo, André, Papastefanakis, Emmanouil, Kritsotakis, Georgio, Spyridaki, Eirini, Fragkiadaki, Evangelia, Jerneić, Željko, Hřebíčková, Martina, Graf, Sylvie, Strøbæk, Pernille, Realo, Anu, Becker, Maja, Maisonneuve, Christelle, El-Astal, Sofian, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer Lado, Rauthmann, John, Ziegler, Matthia, Penke, Lar, Buchtel, Emma E., Yeung, Victoria Wai-Lan, Kun, Ágota, Gadanecz, Peter, Vass, Zoltán, Smohai, Máté, Lavalekar, Anagha, Aurelia, Meta Zahro, Kinayung, Dian, Gaffar, Vanessa, Sullivan, Gavin, Day, Christopher, Rechter, Eyal, Perugini, Marco, Costantini, Giulio, Gnisci, Augusto, Sergi, Ida, Senese, Vincenzo Paolo, Mottola, Francesca, Sato, Tatsuya, Nakata, Yuki, Kawamoto, Shizuka, Komiya, Asuka, Al-Zoubi, Marwan, Owsley, Nichola, Jang, Chaning, Mburu, Georgina, Ngina, Irene, Dimdins, Girt, Barkauskiene, Rasa, Laurinavicius, Alfreda, Markovikj, Marijana, Serafimovska, Eleonara, Mastor, Khairul A., Kruse, Elliott, Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, Denissen, Jaap, Van Aken, Marcel, Fischer, Ron, Onyishi, Ike E., Ogba, Kalu T., Leknes, Siri, Holen, Vera Waldal, Hansen, Ingelin, Tamnes, Christian Krog, Klæva, Kaia, Kausar, Rukhsana, Khan, Nashi, Rizwan, Muhammad, Espinosa, Agustín, Gastardo-Conaco, Maria Cecilia, Quiñones, Diwa Malaya A., Izdebski, Paweł, Kotyśko, Martyna, Szarota, Piotr, Henriques-Calado, Joana, Sava, Florin Alin, Lvova, Olya, Pogrebitskaya, Victoria, Allakhverdov, Mikhail, Manichev, Sergey, Barry, Oumar, Smederevac, Snežana, Čolović, Petar, Mitrović, Dušanka, Oljača, Milan, Hong, Ryan, Halama, Peter, Musek, Janek, De Kock, Francoi, Han, Gyuseog, Suh, Eunkook M., Choi, Soyeon, Gallardo-Pujol, David, Oceja, Lui, Villar, Sergio, Kekecs, Zoltan, Arlinghaus, Nil, Johnson, Daniel P., O'Donnell, Alice Kathryn, Kulich, Clara, Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, Bühler, Janina Larissa, Allemand, Mathia, Chang, Yen-Ping, Lin, Wei-fang, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Saribay, S. Adil, Somer, Oya, Akalin, Pelin Karaku, Baguma, Peter Kakubeire, Vinogradov, Alexander, Zhuravlova, Larisa, Conner, Mark, Rentfrow, Jason, Tullett, Alexa, Sauerberger, Kyle, Colman, Douglas E., Cheng, Joey T., Stocks, Eric, Thi Thu Bui, Huyen, Gardiner, G, Lee, D, Baranski, E, Funder, D, Beramendi, M, Bastian, B, Neubauer, A, Cortez, D, Roth, E, Torres, A, Zanini, D, Petkova, K, Tracy, J, Amiot, C, Pelletier-Dumas, M, Gonzalez, R, Rosenbluth, A, Salgado, S, Guan, Y, Yang, Y, Forero, D, Camargo, A, Papastefanakis, E, Kritsotakis, G, Spyridaki, E, Fragkiadaki, E, Jerneic, Z, Hrebickova, M, Graf, S, Strobaek, P, Realo, A, Becker, M, Maisonneuve, C, El-Astal, S, Gamsakhurdia, V, Rauthmann, J, Ziegler, M, Penke, L, Buchtel, E, Yeung, V, Kun, A, Gadanecz, P, Vass, Z, Smohai, M, Lavalekar, A, Aurelia, M, Kinayung, D, Gaffar, V, Sullivan, G, Day, C, Rechter, E, Perugini, M, Costantini, G, Gnisci, A, Sergi, I, Senese, V, Mottola, F, Sato, T, Nakata, Y, Kawamoto, S, Komiya, A, Al-Zoubi, M, Owsley, N, Jang, C, Mburu, G, Ngina, I, Dimdins, G, Barkauskiene, R, Laurinavicius, A, Markovikj, M, Serafimovska, E, Mastor, K, Kruse, E, Ramirez-Esparza, N, Denissen, J, Van Aken, M, Fischer, R, Onyishi, I, Ogba, K, Leknes, S, Holen, V, Hansen, I, Tamnes, C, Klaeva, K, Kausar, R, Khan, N, Rizwan, M, Espinosa, A, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Quinones, D, Izdebski, P, Kotysko, M, Szarota, P, Henriques-Calado, J, Sava, F, Lvova, O, Pogrebitskaya, V, Allakhverdov, M, Manichev, S, Barry, O, Smederevac, S, Colovic, P, Mitrovic, D, Oljaca, M, Hong, R, Halama, P, Musek, J, De Kock, F, Han, G, Suh, E, Choi, S, Gallardo-Pujol, D, Oceja, L, Villar, S, Kekecs, Z, Arlinghaus, N, Johnson, D, O'Donnell, A, Kulich, C, Lorenzi-Cioldi, F, Buhler, J, Allemand, M, Chang, Y, Lin, W, Boonyasiriwat, W, Saribay, S, Somer, O, Akalin, P, Baguma, P, Vinogradov, A, Zhuravlova, L, Conner, M, Rentfrow, J, Tullett, A, Sauerberger, K, Colman, D, Cheng, J, Stocks, E, and Thi Thu Bui, H

Subjects
Psicología positiva, Subjective well-being, Cultura, Positive psychology, Economic development, Culture, Situational assessment, Socioeconomic statu, Desarrollo económico, General Medicine, Psicología ambiental, Ecological psychology
Abstract

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation. Incluye referencias bibliográficas

Published
2023

19. Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries

Author

Roland Imhoff, Felix Zimmer, Olivier Klein, João H. C. António, Maria Babinska, Adrian Bangerter, Michal Bilewicz, Nebojša Blanuša, Kosta Bovan, Rumena Bužarovska, Aleksandra Cichocka, Sylvain Delouvée, Karen M. Douglas, Asbjørn Dyrendal, Tom Etienne, Biljana Gjoneska, Sylvie Graf, Estrella Gualda, Gilad Hirschberger, Anna Kende, Yordan Kutiyski, Peter Krekó, Andre Krouwel, Silvia Mari, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Maria Serena Panasiti, Myrto Pantazi, Ljupcho Petkovski, Giuseppina Porciello, André Rabelo, Raluca Nicoleta Radu, Florin A. Sava, Michael Schepisi, Robbie M. Sutton, Viren Swami, Hulda Thórisdóttir, Vladimir Turjačanin, Pascal Wagner-Egger, Iris Žeželj, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Imhoff, R, Zimmer, F, Klein, O, António, J, Babinska, M, Bangerter, A, Bilewicz, M, Blanuša, N, Bovan, K, Bužarovska, R, Cichocka, A, Delouvée, S, Douglas, K, Dyrendal, A, Etienne, T, Gjoneska, B, Graf, S, Gualda, E, Hirschberger, G, Kende, A, Kutiyski, Y, Krekó, P, Krouwel, A, Mari, S, Đorđević, J, Panasiti, M, Pantazi, M, Petkovski, L, Porciello, G, Rabelo, A, Radu, R, Sava, F, Schepisi, M, Sutton, R, Swami, V, Thórisdóttir, H, Turjačanin, V, Wagner-Egger, P, Žeželj, I, van Prooijen, J, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, and Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

Subjects
SDG 16 - Peace, Social Psychology, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Conspiracy theories, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Justice and Strong Institutions, political orientaton, Behavioral Neuroscience, Political orientation, Nema ključnih riječi, conspiracy mentality, 150 Psychology
Abstract

People differ in their general tendency to endorse conspiracy theories (that is, conspiracy mentality). Previous research yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship between conspiracy mentality and political orientation, showing a greater conspiracy mentality either among the political right (a linear relation) or amongst both the left and right extremes (a curvilinear relation). We revisited this relationship across two studies spanning 26 countries (combined N = 104,253) and found overall evidence for both linear and quadratic relations, albeit small and heterogeneous across countries. We also observed stronger support for conspiracy mentality among voters of opposition parties (that is, those deprived of political control). Nonetheless, the quadratic effect of political orientation remained significant when adjusting for political control deprivation. We conclude that conspiracy mentality is associated with extreme left- and especially extreme right-wing beliefs, and that this non-linear relation may be strengthened by, but is not reducible to, deprivation of political control.

Published
2022

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