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BackgroundReliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methodology and principal findingsWe systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 19 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FEA-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animal hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.48) with FEA-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00).Conclusions/significanceOur findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique qPCR are the most promising techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.

Background: This study aimed to investigate gastrointestinal nematode infections of Indonesian deer and sheep in an agritourism farm. Method: A total of 54 fecal samples were collected from spotted deer (Axis axis; n=6), Timor deer ( Rusa timorensis; n=3) and sheep (n=45) from an agritourism farm in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. In addition, five fecal samples were collected from five Timor deer enclosures in Bogor city. All samples were subjected to fecal egg and larval identification. Collected larvae were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results: Gastrointestinal nematode infection was higher in sheep than deer. Most infections were caused by strongyle infection in both animals. In this study, Haemonchus contortus was successfully sequenced from sheep and Indonesian deer. Our results showed that H. contortus isolates from Indonesian deer were placed in a clade with H. contortus from other infected hosts like sheep and goats. Conclusions: This is the first report of H. contortus isolated from Indonesian deer. The parasite control program is necessary to be conducted in both animals, especially considering the high number of sheep infected with nematode in the studied farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Tropical Animal & Veterinary Sciences / Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis is the property of Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Papua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)