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Konsekuensi dari revolusi Industri 4.0 yang ada di Indonesia saat ini adalah digitalisasi. Era dimana teknologi digital akan berdampak pada hilangnya sebagian banyak jenis pekerjaan di dunia. Terlebih dengan munculnya pandemi Covid-19, banyak usaha-usaha yang akhirnya merugi bahkan mengakhiri kegiatan bisnisnya. Desa menjadi salah satu harapan utama dari aktivitas ekonomi namun belum memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap perkembangan dari ekonomi desa. Kehadiran lembaga Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di desa merupakan sebuah harapan bagi masyarakat desa untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, desa-desa di Indonesia perlu mengembangkan tata kelola BUMDes agar dapat terus bersaing berbagai jenis usahanya di era ekonomi digital. Penelitian fokus pada mengeksplorasi indikator-indikator yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam melakukan tata kelola BUMDes yang merespon era revolusi industri 4.0. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deduktif dengan pengumpulan data sekunder dan analisis berupa sintesa dari literatur. Temuan dalam penelitian bahwa tata kelola BUMDes memiliki dimensi dari hulu hingga ke hilir yang meliputi (1) dimensi kebijakan, perencanaan dan kelitbangan, (2) dimensi tata kelola SDM, (3) dimensi tata kelola keuangan dan kesekretariatan, (4) dimensi tata kelola produksi, (5) dimensi tata kelola logistik dan pergudangan, dan (6) dimensi tata kelola pemasaran dan penjualan.

Rural development is a development approach that prioritizes local rural policies, encompassing demographic structures, social-cultural characteristics, geographic characteristics, agricultural business patterns, rural-urban economic linkages, village institutional sectors, and residential area characteristics. In relation to rural development, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international economic cooperation organization, has conducted studies on the New Rural Development Paradigm (NRDP). In 2006, the OECD explained that the New Rural Development Paradigm (NRDP) is based on eight components: 1) Governance; 2) Multi-sector; 3) Infrastructure; 4) Urban-rural linkages; 5) Inclusiveness; 6) Gender; 7) Demography; and 8) Sustainability. This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern of rural development success rates based on the "New Rural Development Paradigm (NRDP)" indicators (a case study of Cimenyan District, Bandung Regency) by using the Moran Index and Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) methods. Based on the result of the Moran Index analysis showed a positive value, indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation, which means that all villages have a strong NRDP correlation. Villages with high NRDP values will influence their neighboring villages, and vice versa. The LISA analysis also revealed that only one village, Mandalamekar, has local spatial autocorrelation, with a 95% significance level and an Outlier spatial relationship (highlow). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse impacts of excessive soil nutrients on water quality and carbon sequestration have been recognized in tropical and temperate regions, with already widespread industrial farming and urbanization, but rarely in subarctic regions. However, recent studies have shown significant increases in porewater nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in burned subarctic peatlands and downstream waters, which is a growing concern as climate change leads to increasing wildfires, permafrost thaws, and waterlogged peatlands. In this study, we present the results of a short-term incubation experiment conducted on soils from subarctic bogs and fens, aimed at evaluating the effects of high levels of nutrients on carbon gas production rates. We divided aliquots of the peatland soil samples into separate containers and added artificial porewater to each, enriching them with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), both, or none for controls. Overall, the fen samples showed higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production rates at 1, 5, 15, and 25 °C compared to the bog samples, which we attributed to differences in soil properties and initial microbial biomass. The bog sample with added N produced more CO2 compared to its control, while the fen sample with added P produced more CO2 compared to its control. It was unexpected that the addition of both N and P reduced CO2 but increased CH4 production in both soils compared to their controls. After a month, the pore water C, N, and P stochiometric ratios approached the initial soil microbial biomass ratios, suggesting microbial nutrient recycling in an inherently nutrient-poor soil environment. These preliminary results imply a complex response of carbon turnover in peatland soils to nutrient enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plastics degradation has resulted in a major threat to marine organisms, including bivalves. Thirty-three peer-reviewed papers have been reviewed to understand the geographical spread of microplastics ingestion by marine bivalves, characteristics of microplastics ingested, and limitation of microplastics analysis globallly. Only studies on microplastics investigation in marine bivalves from wild and aquaculture area were selected. Marine bivalves are reported to accumulate microplastics from all marine environment compartments. High proximity area with intensive human activities is suggested to increase the uptake of microplastics by the bivalves. Microfibers and fragments are the common types of microplastics ingested by the bivalves around the world, with various sizes (0.45µm –