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Objective To summarize the research progress of active components and mechanism of Sambucus williamsii Hance in treating osteoporosis, and provide reference for its further research, development and utilization. Methods Using CNKI, wanfang data, VIP, Web of Science and PubMed databases, the domestic and foreign literatures published from 1992 to 2022 about Sambucus williamsii Hance in treating osteoporosis were searched, read and summarized. Results Many chemical components in Sambucus williamsii have anti-osteoporosis effects, mainly lignans. It was found that the active components of Sambucus williamsii can regulate the formation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulate ERK MAPK signal transduction pathway, participate in amino acid and lipid metabolism and inhibit osteoporosis. Conclusion Sambucus williamsii Hance has great potential in the treatment of osteoporosis, which is worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sambucus williamsii Hance, belonging to the Sambucus L. family (Viburnaceae), possesses medicinal properties in its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It is recognized for its ability to facilitate bone reunion, enhance blood circulation, remove stasis, and dispel wind and dampness. This traditional Chinese medicine holds significant potential for development and practical use. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth review of S. williamsii , covering traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics, aiming to serve as a reference for its further development and utilization. Information for this study was gathered from various books, bibliographic databases, and literature sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Scholar, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data. Phytochemical investigations have identified approximately 238 compounds within the root bark, stem branches, leaves, and fruits of S. williamsii. These compounds encompass flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenols, phenolic glycosides, and other chemical constituents, with phenylpropanoids being the most prevalent. S. williamsii exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, particularly in promoting osteogenesis and fracture healing. This comprehensive review delves into the traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of S. williamsii. It provides valuable insights into this plant, which will prove beneficial for future research involving S. williamsii. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sambucus williamsii Hance (SWH) has effectively been adopted to treat joint and bone disorders. Diabetes-induced osteopenia (DOP) is caused primarily by impaired bone formation as a result of hyperglycemia. We had previously demonstrated that SWH extract accelerated fracture healing and promoted osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study assessed the impacts of SWH extract on diabetes-induced bone loss and explored the mechanisms underlying its osteoprotective effects. This work employed MC3T3-E1 cell line for evaluating how SWH extract affected osteogenesis, oxidative stress (OS), and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Streptozotocin-induced osteopenia mouse model was applied with the purpose of assessing SWH extract's osteoprotection on bone homeostasis in vivo. The increased OS of MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) was largely because of the upregulation of pro-oxidant genes and the downregulation of antioxidant genes, whereas SWH extract reduced the OS by modulating NADPH oxidase-4 and thioredoxin-related genes by activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and increasing the level of cGMP-mediated protein kinase G type-2 (PKG2). The oral administration of SWH extract maintained bone homeostasis in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice by enhancing osteogenesis while decreasing OS. In bones from hyperglycemia-induced osteopenia mice and HG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells, the SWH extract achieved the osteoprotective effects through activating the cGMP/PKG2 signaling pathway, upregulating the level of antioxidant genes, as well as downregulating the level of pro-oxidant genes. SWH extract exerts osteoprotective effects on hyperglycemia-induced osteopenia by reversing OS via cGMP/PKG signal transduction and is a potential therapy for DOP. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]