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Objective(s): The objective of this article is to identify the effectiveness of an instructional program toward mothers' knowledge of child vaccines as well as find the relationship between mothers' knowledge of child vaccines and their demographic data. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study is conducted for the period of October 4th, 2021 to April 19th, 2022. A nonprobability "purposive" sample of (60) mothers (30) for the control group and (30) for the study group was used in the study. Six basic health care centers in the Iraqi city of Al-Najaf were chosen for the sampling. The data is collected using a self-report questionnaire with two parts: the first part deals with the mothers' demographic information and previous history, and the second portion deals with the mothers' knowledge of child vaccines. Results: According to the findings, there is a significantly difference in mothers' knowledge about child immunizations between the study group's post-test knowledge score Except for the educational and occupational status, where there is a statistically significant association. In the control group, there is no significant relationship between mothers' knowledge and demographic characteristics such as age, education, or socio-economic status.

Visual perception remains stable across saccadic eye movements, despite the concurrent strongly disruptive visual flow. This stability is partially associated with a reduction in visual sensitivity, known as saccadic suppression, which already starts in the retina with reduced ganglion cell sensitivity. However, the retinal circuit mechanisms giving rise to such suppression remain unknown. Here, we describe these mechanisms using electrophysiology in mouse, pig, and macaque retina, 2-photon calcium imaging, computational modeling, and human psychophysics. We find that sequential stimuli, like those that naturally occur during saccades, trigger three independent suppressive mechanisms in the retina. The main mechanism is triggered by contrast-reversing sequential stimuli and originates within the receptive field center of ganglion cells. It does not involve inhibition or other known suppressive mechanisms like saturation or adaptation. Instead, it relies on temporal filtering of the inherently slow response of cone photoreceptors coupled with downstream nonlinearities. Two further mechanisms of suppression are present predominantly in ON ganglion cells and originate in the receptive field surround, highlighting another disparity between ON and OFF ganglion cells. The mechanisms uncovered here likely play a role in shaping the retinal output following eye movements and other natural viewing conditions where sequential stimulation is ubiquitous., Communications Biology, 5, ISSN:2399-3642