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Totally six composite bio-films were produced through a simple solution casting technique by varying the weight percentage (0, 5, 10,15, 20, 25 wt.%%) of the filler material (ground nutshell (GNS) powder) and matrix (Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)). Before making the bio-film GNS was characterized through particle size analysis and chemical analysis. Composite biofilms were characterized by X-ray Diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis and tensile testing. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results established that complete dispersion of GNS in PVA. X-ray Diffraction analysis results pronounced that the crystallinity index of the films was improved when increasing in the filler content. Derivative thermogravimetric curve was also visualized that maximum degradation temperature of the films was improved from 287°C (Controlled PVA) to 337°C (25% GNS/PVA Film). The tensile strength of the bio-films was increased and elongation at break of the bio-films was decreased while increasing the GNS content. The obtained results were clearly showed that the PVA/GNS composite bio-films were suitable materials to produce packaging applications.

The physicochemical, thermal, and surface morphological properties of the Sida mysorensis fiber (SMF) were investigated first time in this article. From the chemical compositional analysis, higher cellulose (53.36 wt. %) and lower hemicelluloses (15.23 wt. %), lignin (9.46 wt. %), wax (0.86 wt), and ash content of (3.33 wt. %) SMF were acknowledged. The different functional groups of SMF were determined through the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The Crystallinity index (41.17%) and crystalline size (13.06 nm) of SMF were evidenced through the X-ray diffraction analysis. Atomic force microscopy investigation was used to study the surface morphology of SMF. Thermal stability (220°C) and kinetic activation energy (65.486 KJ/mol) of the SMF were determined through the thermogravimetric analysis. All the above findings ensured that SMF can be used as reinforcement in polymer composite.

The present work is planned to investigate the fundamental properties of the novel plant fiber extracted from the bark of Acacia nilotica L. tree. The various chemical compositions of the Acacia nilotica L. fiber (ANF) such as cellulose (56.46 wt. %), hemicelluloses (14.14 wt. %), lignin (8.33 wt. %) and ash content (4.95 wt. %) were identified through the chemical analysis. The maximum degradation temperature of ANF (339°C) was determined by the thermogravimetric analysis. The crystallinity index (44.82%) and crystalline size (3.21 nm) of the ANF were calculated by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface topography of ANF was estimated through the atomic force microscope. The density of ANF was identified as a value of 1165 kg/m3 which is comparatively lower than the other renowned fibers such as Acacia leucophloea (1385 kg/m3) and Jute (1460 kg/m3); this would be confirmed with all above characterization results that is an appropriate material to fabricate the green composites.

This investigation aimed at finding the effect of weight fraction (10 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 30 wt.%) and fiber orientation (0°, 45° and 90°) on mechanical properties (Tensile, Flexural and Impact) of Carica papaya fiber/epoxy (CPFE) composite. Totally nine composite samples were fabricated by hand layup followed by compression molding method. Testing results revealed that composites containing 20 wt.% and 0° fiber orientation exhibited better mechanical properties such as tensile strength (122 MPa), flexural strength (118.9 MPa) and impact strength (7.8 J) when compared to composite samples with other weight fraction and orientation. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the fractured surfaces of the composite specimens. The thermal stability of CPFE composites was evaluated by the Thermo Gravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermo Gravimetric (DTG) curves. All the findings led to the conclusion that the CPFE composites are suitable material to make the light weight industrial applications.

Environmental concerns are raised due to municipal solid wastes especially due to non-biodegradable packaging waste materials. To overcome such issues, researchers gained attention in biodegradable natural waste materials as an alternative to existing non-biodegradable packaging materials. In this work, Orange Peel Powder (OPP) chosen as a filler at varying proportion (5% to 20% of wt.) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used a matrix to prepare biocomposite films by solution casting method. The films were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and tensile tests. The results of FT-IR and XRD show smooth dispersion of PVA and OPP, whereas samples are thermally stable up to 350°C & tensile properties of the prepared biofilms increased with inclusion of OPP from 6.20 MPa to 7.80 MPa and are better than the conventional-packaging materials which can be used as eco-friendly packaging materials.

The microRNAs are endogenous, regulating gene expression either at the DNA or RNA level. Despite the availability of extensive studies on microRNA generation in plants, reports on their abundance, biogenesis, and consequent gene regulation in plant organelles remain naVve. Building on previous studies involving pre-miRNA sequencing in Abelmoschus esculentus , we demonstrated that three putative microRNAs were raised from the chloroplast genome. In the current study, we have characterized the genesis of these three microRNAs through a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches. The gene sequence for a miRNA, designated as AecpmiRNA1 ( A. esculentus chloroplast miRNA), is potentially located in both the genomic DNA, i.e., nuclear and chloroplast genome. In contrast, the gene sequences for the other two miRNAs (AecpmiRNA2 and AecpmiRNA3) are exclusively present in the chloroplast genome. Target prediction revealed many potential mRNAs as targets for AecpmiRNAs. Further analysis using 5' RACE-PCR determined the AecpmiRNA3 binding and cleavage site at the photosystem II protein N (psbN). These results indicate that AecpmiRNAs are generated from the chloroplast genome, possessing the potential to regulate mRNAs arising from chloroplast gene(s). On the other side, the possibility of nuclear genome-derived mRNA regulation by AecpmiRNAs cannot be ruled out., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Laser-driven liquid crystal displays (LCDs) comprising metal halide perovskites (MHPs) as the blue-to-green/red color converters are at the forefront of ongoing intense research on the development and improvement of display devices. However, the inferior high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of MHPs under the excitation of high-power blue light and photoluminescence deterioration at high temperatures remain major concerns. Herein, we design a kind of octylamine-modified MHP via binding energy engineering, and the synthesized materials show PLQY of 97.6% under the excitation of a blue laser at 450 nm. Meanwhile, this design endows a structural self-healing ability to achieve a high PLQY and luminescence stability under high temperature (90 °C) and high flux excitation (386 mW cm -2 ). The blue light-excitable MHPs with a near unity PLQY, strong stability, and low PLQY deterioration are further encapsulated into a laser-driven LCD device. This prototype demonstrates excellent color gamut (132% NTSC, 98% Rec. 2020), illuminance intensity (>10 000 lux), and energy consumption (47.5% of commercial consumption), and hence is expected to be beneficial for the reduction of energy consumption in backlight display devices, particularly in large-screen outdoor displays.

The current investigation focused on the synthesis and characterization of Zn 1-x Ho x O (X = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) materials. The rare-earth Ho 3+ -doped ZnO materials have been prepared using a chemical precipitation process. The phase pure hexagonal structured ZnO crystal system has been observed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. The detailed structural analysis of prepared materials has been investigated by the Rietveld refinement method. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the prepared materials have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). The presence of vibrational links associated with various functional groups has been displayed by FTIR spectroscopy. The energy gap of synthesized materials has been studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy. To study the luminescence activity of produced materials, photoluminescence (PL) analysis has been utilized. The light-green emission at around 507 nm has been obtained by synthesized materials under 380-nm excitation. In addition, the electron density distribution has been accomplished in synthesized materials. At 6% of Ho 3+ , substituted ZnO exposes the maximum covalent and ionic nature between Zn-O bond along with horizontal and vertical axis, respectively. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of synthesized materials has been done through Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis. Following that the destruction of human red blood cells has been examined by hemolysis investigation. All experimental results suggested that the 6% of Ho 3+ dopant is the optimized level of ZnO host lattice. The present work paves a promising path to get efficient material for biomedical applications., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a smart responsive fluid, when exposed to the magnetic field, reflects a noticeable transformation in fluid viscosity due to the presence of field responsive particles in the fluid. MRF has been utilized in variety of applications, which despite possess significant concerns regarding on sedimentation due to the density mismatch between the carrier fluid and the suspended magnetic particles. To improve the resistance of rapid sedimentation, this research aims to incorporate one of the component (additive/surfactants) blended into the fluid. The objective of the study focuses to determine the efficient incorporate-infused fluid for further application and sedimentation resistance. In this study, MRF is infused with siloxane, lithium, oleic acid and SDBS (Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate) as additive and surfactants along with silicon oil as a carrier fluid. The significant repercussion parameters such as rheology behavior of the samples, temperature and particle sedimentation has been examined and interpreted. Substantially, the effective sample and performance has been comprehended with the insightful comparative results obtained., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)