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Heavy metals are the elements that are present in the environment naturally, with the development of industries in the world, there is a drastic increase of heavy metals in the biosphere. Among the heavy metals, lead (Pb) is the most toxic metal that easily gets accumulated in the soil and sediments. Lead is not an important element for plant growth but it gets easily absorbed and accumulated in different parts of the plant. In this study, Setaria italica (foxtail millet - CO (Te) 7) is treated with different concentrations of lead to evaluate the changes in the morphological growth parameters such as rate of percentage of germination, Tolerance Index (TI) and phytotoxicity. The germination percentage is comparatively greater in the control plant and gradually decreases as the concentration of Pb increases. The length of root and shoot, the amount of fresh weight and dry weight also decrease with the increase in the concentration of heavy metals. The root length and shoot length in the control on the 45th day were 20.2±0.16 and 48.7±0.24 whereas in the maximum concentration of metal (250 mg/kg) it showed a minimum reading of 11.1±0.43 and 27.3±0.33 respectively. The percentage of phytotoxicity increases as the concentration of the metal increases. Tolerance indices decrease as the percentage of phytotoxicity increases.

It is assumed that erectile dysfunction is due to disruption of the cavernous nerves or branches of the internal pudendal arteries that pass in close proximity to the pelvic bones and posterior urethra. In the cross-sectional study by Malavaudet al., diastasis of pubic symphysis was found to be related with erectile dysfunction and overall satisfaction. They suggested that this could be result of injury to cavernosal nerve. Relaxation of smooth muscles in the corpora cavernosa is mediated by nitric oxide, which is controlled by parasympathetic nerve endings. All adult male patient of urethral stricture presenting to our hospital during the study duration were screened for exclusion criteria. The patients compatible for the study were interviewed. After obtaining informed consent they were enrolled in the study. Uroflowmetry value of Qmax was noted on each follow up and 86% of patients had satisfactory Qmax (more than 18 ml/s). Comparing Qmax less than 18 on follow up with ultimate need for secondary procedure (i.e. failure) was correlating well. AUG done in post-operative period showed no abnormality in 78% of patients, which correlated poorly with failure eventually. Which led us to believe the value of post-operative AUG in presence of uroflowmetry may be exaggerated in some older literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]