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Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare cancers in humans and dogs. To date, no large-scale primary hepatobiliary neoplasm omics analyses exist in any species. This limits the development of diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutics. Neuroendocrine cancers are a heterogenous group of neoplasms categorized by their tissue-of-origin. Because the anatomic niche of neuroendocrine neoplasms shapes tumor phenotype, we sought to compare the proteomes of 3 canine hepatobiliary neoplasms to normal hepatobiliary tissue and adrenal glands with the objective of identifying unique protein signatures. Protein was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and submitted for tandem mass spectroscopy. Thirty-two upregulated and 126 downregulated differentially expressed proteins were identified. Remarkably, 6 (19%) of the upregulated proteins are correlated to non-hepatobiliary neuroendocrine neoplasia and 16 (50%) are functionally annotated within the exosome cellular compartment key to neuroendocrine signaling. Twenty-six (21%) downregulated proteins are enriched in metabolic pathways consistent with alterations in cancer. These results suggests that characteristic neoplastic protein signatures can be gleaned from small data sets using a comparative proteomics approach.

Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) is the first and only naturally occurring pathogenic virus described in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. PaV1 infection in decapod species that commonly co-occur with P. argus, including the spotted spiny lobster Panulirus guttatus, has not been previously described. In 2016, 14 Caribbean and 5 spotted spiny lobsters were collected near Summerland Key, Florida, to supplement the resident population of the Audubon Aquarium of the Americas in New Orleans, Louisiana. After 5 months in quarantine, Caribbean and spotted spiny lobsters began to exhibit clinical signs of lethargy and dying in the molt. Initial histologic evaluation revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies in circulating hemocytes in the spongy connective tissue of the epidermis, suggesting a viral infection. Samples of hepatopancreas and hemolymph from deceased Caribbean and spotted spiny lobsters tested negative for white spot syndrome virus and positive for PaV1 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Intranuclear, eosinophilic to amphophilic, Cowdry type A inclusion bodies observed primarily within fixed phagocytes and circulating hemocytes in the hepatopancreas of freshly euthanized Caribbean spiny lobsters were consistent with PaV1 infection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hemocytes associated with hepatopancreatic tubules contained viral inclusions with location, size, and morphology consistent with previously described PaV1 infection. These findings highlight the significance of using molecular diagnostics in conjunction with histopathology and electron microscopy in the investigation and diagnosis of PaV1 in spiny lobsters. Further study is required to investigate the relationship of PaV1-associated mortality events and microscopic lesions in the spotted spiny lobster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wayang gedhog, a Javanese art form that dates back to the 15th century, has endured several cultural transformations, once seen by the Walisanga as a method of spreading religious preaching. Under the rule of Mataram kings, who tended to reinforce their supremacy and legitimise their power in the mythical Panji tales, especially in Sunanate of Surakarta, this form of shadow puppetry survives even after the Javanese courts' political and military power gradually deteriorated in the 18th and 19th centuries. The concerns that have been raised about these cultural phenomena are: Why did the Surakartanese court give wayang gedhog greater consideration than its Yogyakartan equivalents, and what relevance does it have in the Sunanate's idea of power? In order to learn more about the phenomenon of wayang gedhog performance in the courtly setting of Surakarta, this article used a textual and contextual approach in a multidisciplinary field that included literature, history, aesthetics, and performance studies. It is discovered that political and ideological considerations significantly affected the iconography and performances of wayang gedhog, while this type of puppetry also expected to represent a Kraton political ideology. Additionally, it was established that the roles and depictions of wayang gedhog figures changed over time in response to changes in the regional or global political environment. Wayang gedhog yang telah berkembang sejak abad ke-15 di Jawa telah bertahan dari transformasi kebudayaan yang pesat, pernah dianggap sebagai bagian dari sarana dakwah para Walisanga. Seni ini berkembang menjadi bagian dari seni keraton pada masa pemerintahan raja-raja Mataram yang berupaya memperkuat supremasi dan melegitimasi kekuasaan mereka melalui cerita mitos Panji, terutama di Kasunanan Surakarta, dan bertahan bahkan setelah kekuatan politik dan militer keraton-keraton Jawa merosot di abad ke-18 dan ke-19. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang timbul seputar fenomena kebudayaan ini di antaranya: bagaimana Sunan-sunan Surakarta dapat memberi perhatian lebih terhadap wayang gedhog dibandingkan Sultan Yogyakarta, serta apa arti penting wayang gedhog dalam lingkungan Kasunanan dengan konsep kekuasaan yang dianutnya. Pemahaman terhadap fenomena pertunjukan wayang gedhog di lingkungan Keraton Surakarta dapat dicapai melalui pendekatan tekstual dan kontekstual dalam ranah multidisipliner yang meliputi kajian sastra, sejarah, estetika dan pertunjukan. Artikel ini mengungkap bahwa faktor-faktor politis dan ideologis sangat mempengaruhi ikonografi dan pertunjukan wayang gĕdhog, di samping jenis wayang ini juga merefleksikan ideologi politik Keraton yang dinamis. Terbukti juga bahwa peran dan penggambaran tokoh dalam wayang gedhog berkembang secara dinamis menurut perubahan konteks politik global maupun regional.

The purpose of this activity is to improve the competence of fish feed manufacturing and can increase fish sales production. The approach method carried out in this activity is a participatory Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach starting with a survey and problem identification, socialization and counseling training on making fish meal, training and direct technical guidance on making feed formulations, and assistance in making fish feed. The result of this dedication is that partners know the technology of making feed using available and abundant ingredients so as to reduce production expenditure in fish farming. Counseling and training activities in community service received good enthusiasm from members and partners of direct participants in making fish feed. The result of service activities is that partners gain knowledge and skills in making independent fish feed from waste and local raw materials. Making independent feed is able to increase production profits by reducing production costs incurred. The potential for developing activities can encourage productivity and provision of skills that can be disseminated to the wider community.

We have analyzed Chandra and Suzaku observations of the globular cluster Terzan 6, made when the recurrent transient GRS 1747–312 was in quiescence. Our analysis reveals the presence of a second eclipsing, bursting neutron star low-mass X-ray binary in the central regions of the cluster, in addition to GRS 1747–312. The new source, which we name Terzan 6 X2, is located only ∼0.″7 away from GRS 1747–312 in the 2021 Chandra images. The detection of a 5.14 ks long eclipse in the light curve of X2 at a time not predicted by the ephemeris of GRS 1747–312 confirms that it is an unrelated source. Using the Suzaku light curve from 2009, which, in addition to a type I X-ray burst, also showed an eclipse-like feature, we constrain the orbital period to be longer than 16.27 hr. The 0.5–10 keV luminosities of X2 vary in the range of ∼0.24–5.9 × 10 ^34 erg s ^−1 on timescales of months to years. We have identified a plausible optical counterpart of X2 in Hubble Space Telescope F606W and F814W images. This star varied by 2.7 mag in V _606 between epochs separated by years. In the cluster color–magnitude diagram, the variable counterpart lies in the blue-straggler region when it was optically bright, about 1.1–1.7 mag above the main-sequence turn-off. From the orbital period–density relation of Roche-lobe filling stars, we find the mass-donor radius to be ≳0.8 R _⊙ .

Bats are the only mammals with self-powered flight and account for 20% of all extant mammalian diversity. In addition, they harbor many emerging and reemerging viruses, including multiple coronaviruses, several of which are highly pathogenic in other mammals, but cause no disease in bats. How this symbiotic relationship between bats and viruses exists is not yet fully understood. Existing evidence supports a specific role for the innate immune system, in particular type I interferon (IFN) responses, a major component of antiviral immunity. Previous studies in bats have shown that components of the IFN pathway are constitutively activated at the transcriptional level. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the type I IFN response in bats is also constitutively activated at the protein level. For this, we utilized highly sensitive Single Molecule (Simoa) digital ELISA assays, previously developed for humans that we adapted to bat samples. We prospectively sampled four non-native chiroptera species from French zoos. We identified a constitutive expression of IFNα protein in the circulation of healthy bats, and concentrations that are physiologically active in humans. Expression levels differed according to the species examined, but were not associated with age, sex, or health status suggesting constitutive IFNα protein expression independent of disease. These results confirm a unique IFN response in bat species that may explain their ability to coexist with multiple viruses in the absence of pathology. These results may help to manage potential zoonotic viral reservoirs and potentially identify new anti-viral strategies.

Giraffe numbers have plummeted over the last 30 years by 30–40%. Thus, their conservation status has been raised from least concern to vulnerable. Efforts to manage in situ and ex situ populations are increasing. Assisted reproduction techniques (ART) such as sperm cryopreservation could help preserve the genetic diversity of giraffe subspecies and, when used for artificial inseminations, enhance genetic exchange between isolated populations. However, to date, the post-thaw motility of recovered sperm has been low and inconsistent. In this study, epididymal sperm collected from the testes of giraffes (n = 7) was frozen in three different extenders, namely, BotuCrio, Steridyl, and test egg yolk (TEY), each supplemented with one of two different cryoprotectants (5% glycerol or a mix of 1% glycerol and 4% methylformamide) and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapor. Across all three extenders, sperm showed significantly better post-thaw results when frozen with a mix of glycerol and methylformamide compared with glycerol alone. Sperm frozen with TEY and a mix of glycerol and methylformamide achieved superior post-thaw total and progressive sperm motility of 57 ± 3% and 45 ± 3%, respectively. These results show the benefit of using alternative cryoprotectants for freezing giraffe spermatozoa and could aid in the application of ARTs for giraffe subspecies or the closely related endangered Okapi.