90 results on '"Roy SK"'
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2. Machine learning-based prediction and optimization of green hydrogen production technologies from water industries for a circular economy
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Kabir, MM, Roy, SK, Alam, F, Nam, SY, Im, KS, Tijing, L, Shon, HK, Kabir, MM, Roy, SK, Alam, F, Nam, SY, Im, KS, Tijing, L, and Shon, HK
- Abstract
Currently, there exists a significant number of green hydrogen production (GHP) technologies based on scaling-up issues (SCUI). Optimal prediction and process optimization could be one of the most substantial SCUI of GHP. Machine learning (ML)-based prediction and optimization of GHP technologies from water industries for a circular economy (CRE) could be a plausible solution for these SCUI. We studied a detailed techno-economic and environmental feasibility study, which recommended proton exchange membrane (PEM) and dark fermentation (DF) as the most promising and environment-friendly technologies for GHP. Thus, the present investigation aims to apply different ML models to predict and optimize the GHP of DF and PEM technologies to solve the SCUI. The results revealed K-nearest neighbor and random forest are the best-fitted models to predict GHP for DF and PEM, correspondingly based on the regression co-efficient (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MEA). The permutation variable index (PVI) recommended that chemical oxygen demand (COD), butyrate, temperature, pH and acetate/butyrate ratio are the most influential process parameters in decreasing order for DF, while temperature, cell areas, cell pressure, cell voltage and catalysts loadings are the most effective process parameters for PEM in reducing order. The partial dependency analysis (PDA) demonstrated GHP increases with increasing COD values up to 10 mg/L, and the optimal temperature range in the DF process is between 25 and 30 °C. On the other hand, cell temperature up to 35 °C should be considered optimum for PEM, and 40–70 cm2 cell areas could produce a significant GHP. In summary, the present study underscores the potential of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) as promising techniques for optimizing GHP, ultimately addressing scaling-up challenges in large-scale industrial GHP production and ensuring a sustainable hydrogen economy (HE).
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- 2023
3. Climate resilient technologies for augmenting livestock production and enhancing farmer’s income under smallholder farming system
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Haldar A, Kumar D, Behera M, Ghosh S, Joshi SK, Das U, Kumar A, and Roy SK
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- 2022
4. Structural and Dielectric Progression of 5 % Gd Doped BiFeO3 Nanoparticles Through Cr (2-8%) Doping
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Hossain, MN, primary, Matin, MA, additional, Rhaman, MM, additional, Ali, MA, additional, Hakim, MA, additional, and Roy, SK, additional
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- 2022
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5. Pivotal Role of Cranial Irradiation-Induced Peripheral, Intrinsic, and Brain-Engrafting Macrophages in Malignant Glioma.
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Richard SA, Roy SK, and Asiamah EA
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Malignant (high-grade) gliomas are aggressive intrinsic brain tumors that diffusely infiltrate the brain parenchyma. They comprise of World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and IV gliomas. Ionizing radiation or irradiation (IR) is frequently utilized in the treatment of both primary as well as metastatic brain tumors. On the contrary, macrophages (MΦ) are the most copious infiltrating immune cells of all the different cell types colonizing glioma. MΦ at tumor milieu are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMΦ). In malignant gliomas milieu, TAMΦ are also polarized into two distinct phenotypes such as M1 TAMΦ or M2 TAMΦ, which are capable of inhibiting or promoting tumor growth, respectively. Cranial-IR such as x- and γ-IR are sufficient to induce the migration of peripherally derived MΦ into the brain parenchyma. The IR facilitate a more immunosuppressive milieu via the stimulation of efferocytosis in TAMΦ, and an upsurge of tumor cell engulfment by TAMΦ exhibited detrimental effect of the anti-tumoral immune response in glioma. The MΦ inside the tumor mass are associated with multiple phenomena that include IR resistance and enrichment of the M2 MΦ after IR is able to facilitate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) recurrence. Reviews on the role of cranial IR-induced peripheral and brain-engrafting macrophages (BeMΦ) in glioma are lacking. Specifically, most studies on peripheral, intrinsic as well as beMΦ on IR focus on WHO grade III and IV. Thus, this review precisely focuses primary on WHO grade III as well as IV gliomas., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
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- 2024
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6. Towards tunable exciton delocalization in DNA Holliday junction-templated indodicarbocyanine 5 (Cy5) dye derivative heterodimers.
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Pascual G, Díaz SA, Roy SK, Meares A, Chiriboga M, Susumu K, Mathur D, Cunningham PD, Medintz IL, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Melinger JS, and Lee J
- Abstract
We studied the exciton delocalization of indodicarbocyanine 5 dye derivative (Cy5-R) heterodimers templated by a DNA Holliday junction (HJ), which was quantified by the exciton hopping parameter J
m , n . These dyes were modified at the 5 and 5' positions of indole rings with substituent (R) H, Cl, t Bu, Peg, and hexyloxy (Hex) groups that exhibit different bulkiness and electron-withdrawing/donating capacities. The substituents tune the physical properties of the dyes, such as hydrophobicity (log P ) and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). We tuned the Jm , n of heterodimers by attaching two Cy5-Rs in adjacent and transverse positions along the DNA-HJ. Adjacent heterodimers exhibited smaller Jm , n compared to transverse heterodimers, and some adjacent heterodimers displayed a mixture of H- and J-like aggregates. Most heterodimers exhibited Jm , n values within the ranges of the corresponding homodimers, but some heterodimers displayed synergistic exciton delocalization that resulted in larger Jm , n compared to their homodimers. We then investigated how chemically distinct Cy5-R conjugated to DNA can interact to create delocalized excitons. We determined that heterodimers involving Cy5-H and Cy5-Cl and a dye with larger substituents (bulky substituents and large SASA) such as Cy5-Peg, Cy5-Hex, and Cy5- t Bu resulted in larger Jm , n . The combination provides steric hindrance that optimizes co-facial packing (bulky Cy5-R) with a smaller footprint (small SASA) that maximizes proximity. The results of this study lay a groundwork for rationally optimizing the exciton delocalization in dye aggregates for developing next-generation technologies based on optimized exciton transfer efficiency such as quantum information systems and biomedicine.- Published
- 2024
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7. Manure-biochar compost mitigates the soil salinity stress in tomato plants by modulating the osmoregulatory mechanism, photosynthetic pigments, and ionic homeostasis.
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Kamal MZU, Sarker U, Roy SK, Alam MS, Azam MG, Miah MY, Hossain N, Ercisli S, and Alamri S
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- Composting methods, Osmoregulation, Fertilizers, Salinity, Homeostasis, Chlorophyll metabolism, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Leaves growth & development, Biomass, Charcoal, Solanum lycopersicum growth & development, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum physiology, Photosynthesis, Salt Stress, Soil chemistry, Manure
- Abstract
One of the main abiotic stresses that affect plant development and lower agricultural productivity globally is salt in the soil. Organic amendments, such as compost and biochar can mitigate the opposing effects of soil salinity (SS) stress. The purpose of this experiment was to look at how tomato growth and yield on salty soil were affected by mineral fertilization and manure-biochar compost (MBC). Furthermore, the study looked at how biochar (organic amendments) work to help tomato plants that are stressed by salt and also a mechanism by which biochar addresses the salt stress on tomato plants. Tomato yield and vegetative growth were negatively impacted by untreated saline soil, indicating that tomatoes are salt-sensitive. MBC with mineral fertilization increased vegetative growth, biomass yield, fruit yield, chlorophyll, and nutrient contents, Na/K ratio of salt-stressed tomato plants signifies the ameliorating effects on tomato plant growth and yield, under salt stress. Furthermore, the application of MBC with mineral fertilizer decreased H
2 O2 , but increased leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf proline, total soluble sugar, and ascorbic acid content and improved leaf membrane damage, in comparison with untreated plants, in response to salt stress. Among the composting substances, T7 [poultry manure-biochar composting (PBC) (1:2) @ 3 t/ha + soil-based test fertilizer (SBTF)] dose exhibited better-improving effects on salt stress and had maintained an order of T7 > T9 > T8 > T6 in total biomass and fruit yield of tomato. These results suggested that MBC might mitigate the antagonistic effects of salt stress on plant growth and yield of tomatoes by improving osmotic adjustment, antioxidant capacity, nutrient accumulation, protecting photosynthetic pigments, and reducing ROS production and leaf damage in tomato plant leaves., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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8. Predictive landslide susceptibility modeling in the southeastern hilly region of Bangladesh: application of machine learning algorithms in Khagrachari district.
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Hasan MM, Roy SK, Talha MD, Ferdous MT, and Nasher NMR
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Landslides pose a severe threat to people, buildings, and infrastructure. The rugged terrain of the Chattogram Hill Tract region in southeastern Bangladesh frequently experiences landslides, particularly during rainy seasons. This study provides a comparative analysis of innovative machine learning (ML) algorithms used for the purpose of landslide susceptibility (LS) mapping for the Khagrachari district of Bangladesh. The dataset for this study comprises 15 landslide conditioning factors and 127 landslide inventory points. The landslide inventory points included 71 landslide and 56 non-landslide points. Then, the data were split randomly into training data (70%) and testing data (30%). Three ML algorithms, namely random forest (RF), boosted regression trees (BRT), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), were utilized to evaluate the LS zone. The models were validated using the area under the curve (AUC), overall accuracy, precision, and recall. Based on the AUC value, the BRT model demonstrated the highest performance with a value of 0.95, while the AUC values for RF and KNN were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. Besides, overall accuracy, precision, and recall values (0.82, 0.81, and 0.86) also indicated BRT as the most effective model. The results showed that maximum rainfall and elevation were the most influential factors for both BRT and RF models. This research provides valuable insight into understanding the LS areas in Khagrachari, aiding in informed decision-making regarding landslide-related concerns in the region, and can be applied to the broader scale to develop effective planning and mitigation strategies for comprehensive disaster management and natural hazard response., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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9. SARS-COV-2 breakthrough infection and its covariates among healthcare providers of a hospital in Bangladesh during the omicron wave.
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Akhter M, Roy SK, Khair A, Karim MR, Mojlish UKFK, Ahmed MU, and Ali L
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Introduction: Breakthrough infection by SARS-COV-2 virus among vaccinated individuals has been reported from all over the world and it has created a substantial challenge in designing strategies to live with the virus in the post-pandemic era. Factors affecting the extent and nature of breakthrough infection are still not fully understood and those are known to vary depending on host and agent factors. Health Care Workers (HCWs), especially in hospital settings, are front-liners in combating the epidemic and, consequently, they are more vulnerable to breakthrough infection by SARS-COV-2. Like most of the countries of the world, Bangladesh went through several waves of COVID-19 and the last (3rd wave) was the widespread Omicron wave during the winter of 2022. HCWs in Bangladesh have been disproportionately affected by the virus. Under this context, the aim of the present study was to explore breakthrough infection (BTI) and its host-related covariates among HCWs of a COVID-dedicated city-based hospital during the Omicron wave in Bangladesh., Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 267 HCWs of the Narayanganj Tertiary (300-bed) hospital during February-March 2022 which coincided with the terminal part of the 3rd wave. Data were collected by trained Field Assistants using Interviewer-administered Data Collection Forms with Questionnaires as instruments. Previous COVID-19 status (any time after the onset of the pandemic and within last 3 months) was explored by the history of specific symptoms as well as by the confirmatory rtPCR test reports from DGHS approved laboratories Anti-nucleocapsid antibody (Anti-N-Ab) in venous blood samples, assayed by a chemiluminescent ELISA technique, was used as a seroprevalence-based marker of breakthrough infection during the preceding few months. Data were analyzed by bivariate as well as multivariate statistics using the IBM-SPSS software., Results: The median age (range) of the HCWs was 38 (21-65) years; Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m
2 ) 25 (15-49); and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was 0.92 (0.46-1.21). The male subjects had significantly higher median age (p = 0.01) and higher WHR (p = 0.001) as compared to the female subjects. As per the BMI category, subjects with overweight and obesity constituted 83.3 % of the male subjects as compared to 61.6 % of the female subjects (p = 0.001). The time lapse between receiving of 3rd dose and blood sampling was significantly higher among females compared to males (median days 60 vs 49, p < 0.02) indicating earlier vaccination with 1st booster dose among females. A proportion of 51.85 % male and 49.68 % female subjects showed Anti-N-Ab positivity; there was no significant difference between the gender groups. Also, there was no significant difference among male and female subjects regarding the Ab levels. On Spearman correlation analysis, a tendency of association of WHR with Ab level was observed among the male subjects; however, the association did not show statistical significance (p = 0.09). On binary logistic regression Ab positivity was found to be independently associated with WHR (p = 0.03), and prior SARS-COV-2 infection within the last 3 months (p = 0.02) among males. When all the subjects were considered together, COVID symptom positivity during the last 3 months (p = 0.067) and receiving the 1st booster dose (p = 0.07) showed a tendency of association with Ab positivity. On multiple regression analysis, Ab levels showed a negative association with WHR (p = 0.035) among males., Conclusions: More than 50 % of the vaccinated hospital-based HCWs in Bangladesh suffered from BTI during the winter of 2022 when the Omicron wave (the 3rd wave) of COVID-19 was at its peak. The data also indicate that overweight and obesity are major host-related risk factors underlying BTI. Inadequate coverage by a booster dose seems to be another determinant of BTI and the level of immune response in this population., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Masfida Akhter reports financial support was provided by 10.13039/100030906Bangladesh Medical Research Council. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)- Published
- 2024
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10. Empowering real-time flood impact assessment through the integration of machine learning and Google Earth Engine: a comprehensive approach.
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Khan NS, Roy SK, Talukdar S, Billah M, Iqbal A, Zzaman RU, Chowdhury A, Mahtab SB, and Mallick J
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- Bangladesh, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Computer, Humans, Floods, Machine Learning
- Abstract
Floods cause substantial losses to life and property, especially in flood-prone regions like northwestern Bangladesh. Timely and precise evaluation of flood impacts is critical for effective flood management and decision-making. This research demonstrates an integrated approach utilizing machine learning and Google Earth Engine to enable real-time flood assessment. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from Sentinel-1 and the Google Earth Engine platform were employed to generate near real-time flood maps of the 2020 flood in Kurigram and Lalmonirhat. An automatic thresholding technique quantified flooded areas. For land use/land cover (LULC) analysis, Sentinel-2's high resolution and machine learning models like artificial neural networks (ANN), random forests (RF) and support vector machines (SVM) were leveraged. ANN delivered the best LULC mapping with 0.94 accuracy based on metrics like accuracy, kappa, mean F1 score, mean sensitivity, mean specificity, mean positive predictive value, mean negative value, mean precision, mean recall, mean detection rate and mean balanced accuracy. Results showed over 600,000 people exposed at peak inundation in July-about 17% of the population. The machine learning-enabled LULC maps reliably identified vulnerable areas to prioritize flood management. Over half of croplands flooded in July. This research demonstrates the potential of integrating SAR, machine learning and cloud computing to empower authorities through real-time monitoring and accurate LULC mapping essential for effective flood response. The proposed comprehensive methodology can assist stakeholders in developing data-driven flood management strategies to reduce impacts., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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11. Exploring the relationship between epicardial fat and coronary plaque burden and characteristics: insights from cardiac ct imaging.
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Manubolu VS, Lu JY, Montano B, Kininger A, Bainiwal J, Verghese D, Alalawi L, Bitar JA, Pourafkari L, Fazlalizadeh H, Ichikawa K, Khadije A, Denise J, Ghanem A, Hamal S, Mao S, Budoff MJ, and Roy SK
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- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Female, Aged, Fibrosis, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Multivariate Analysis, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification pathology, Risk Factors, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adipose Tissue pathology, Computed Tomography Angiography, Pericardium diagnostic imaging, Predictive Value of Tests, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Coronary Vessels pathology, Adiposity
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Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may enhance the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between EAT density (a maker of local inflammation) and coronary plaque characteristics in stable CAD patients. This study included 123 individuals who underwent coronary artery calcium scan and coronary CT angiography to evaluate CAD. Plaque characteristics were analyzed by semi-automated software (QAngio, Leiden, Netherlands). Non-contrast CT scans were used to measure EAT density (HU) and volume (cc) (Philips, Cleveland, OH). Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the association of EAT density and volume with different plaque types. The mean (SD) age was 59.4±10.1 years, 53% were male, the mean (SD) EAT density was -77.2±4.6 HU and the volume was 118.5±41.2 cc. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, EAT density was associated with fibrous fatty (FF) plaque (p<0.03). A 1 unit increase in HU was associated with a 7% higher FF plaque, and lower EAT density is independently associated to FF plaque. The association between EAT density and fibrous (p=0.08), and total noncalcified (p=0.09) plaque trended toward but did not reach significance. There was no association between EAT volume and any plaque type. These results suggest that inflammatory EAT may promote coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, non-contrast cardiac CT evaluation of EAT quality can help better assess cardiovascular risk., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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12. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity profiling of whole plant methanol extract of Equisetum diffusum D. Don from the sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India, having ethnobotanical uses.
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Sarkar S, Modak D, Roy SK, Biswas A, Islam M, Baishya R, Bose S, Georrge JJ, and Bhattacharjee S
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- Animals, Humans, India, Rats, Male, Computer Simulation, Rats, Wistar, Toxicity Tests, Acute, Female, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts toxicity, Plant Extracts chemistry, Equisetum chemistry, Ethnobotany
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Background: Equisetum diffusum D. Don commonly known as 'Himalayan horsetail', has been traditionally used in the treatment of back pain, bone fracture and dislocation, and arthritis by various tribal communities of India. Our previous study confirmed the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the plant through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo model studies. Therefore, the current research is focused on safety dose evaluation for the first-time of the whole-plant methanol extract (EDME) of E. diffusum through appropriate in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches., Method: The whole plant, along with its rhizomes, was collected, and the methanol extract was prepared. The in silico ADMET study was performed to predict the pharmacokinetics profile and toxicity of all the identified phyto-compounds of EDME previously screened by GC-MS study. In vitro cytotoxicity study of EDME was performed using two cell lines: kidney (HEK293) and liver (Huh7) cell lines. The in vivo toxicity study of EDME was validated by the acute toxicity (OECD 423, 2002) and sub-acute toxicity assays (OECD 407, 2008) in the Wistar Albino rat model., Results: The in silico ADMET study of all 47 bioactives predicted good pharmacokinetic and low toxicity profiles. In vitro cytotoxicity showed higher IC
50 values of EDME viz., 672 ± 15.7 μg/mL and 1698 ± 6.54 μg/mL for both kidney (HEK293) and liver (Huh7) cell lines, respectively, which were considered as low-toxic. Based on acute oral toxicity, the LD50 value of the extract was considered "non-toxic" up to a feeding range of 2000 mg/kg of body weight. The regular consumption of the extract for an extended period (28 days) was also qualified as safe based on the body and organ weight, hematological, biochemical, and histoarchitecture results in the sub-acute toxicity assay., Conclusion: The detailed in silico, in vitro, in vivo (acute and sub-acute oral toxicity) studies gave us a new insight to the safety dose evaluation of Equisetum diffusum, which may serve as a reliable documentation for undertaking the experimental validation of the ethnobotanical uses of the plant which would help in the field of drug development for the treatment of inflammation related complications., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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13. Effect of Semaglutide on Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From the STOP (Semaglutide Treatment effect On coronary atherosclerosis Progression) Randomized Trial.
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Manubolu VS, Lakshmanan S, Kinninger A, Ahmad K, Susarla S, Seok HJ, Hamal S, Dahal S, Roy SK, and Budoff MJ
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- Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Disease Progression, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adipose Tissue drug effects, Coronary Artery Disease drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Glucagon-Like Peptides therapeutic use, Glucagon-Like Peptides pharmacology, Pericardium drug effects, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists pharmacology, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists therapeutic use
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- 2024
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14. Mobile game addiction and its association with musculoskeletal pain among students: A cross-sectional study.
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Ahmed S, Samuel AJ, Mishra A, Rahman MS, Islam MA, Rashaduzzaman M, Roy SK, Akter R, and Islam MJ
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- Humans, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Young Adult, Adult, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Pain epidemiology, Video Games adverse effects, Students, Behavior, Addictive epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there is a difference in musculoskeletal pain between those who are addicted to mobile games and those who are not, to ascertain the association between mobile game addiction and socio-demographic variables, and to ascertain the pain predictor for mobile game addiction on different musculoskeletal regions., Methods: There were 840 students in all, both males and females, in this cross-sectional survey from three distinct Bangladeshi institutions. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, the Gaming Addiction Scale, and the demographic data form were distributed to the participants. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression was used to find the predicted risk factor for mobile gaming addiction., Results: Musculoskeletal pain affects 52.1% of participants in some part of the body. Males have a 2.01-fold higher likelihood of developing gaming addiction compared to females. Those who are addicted to mobile games experience a higher occurrence of pain in the neck, upper back, elbows, and wrist and hands with a odds ratio of (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.49-5.36; p = 0.016), (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.97-7.12; p = <0.001), (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.34-8.50; p = 0.010), and (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.00-4.57; p = 0.049) respectively., Conclusion: These results demonstrate that mobile gaming addiction raises students' risk of musculoskeletal discomfort. Two-three times higher risk of developing pain in the neck, upper back, elbows, and wrist and hands among mobile game addicts., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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15. Correction: Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions.
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Díaz SA, Pascual G, Patten LK, Roy SK, Meares A, Chiriboga M, Susumu K, Knowlton WB, Cunningham PD, Mathur D, Yurke B, Medintz IL, Lee J, and Melinger JS
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Correction for 'Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions' by Sebastián A. Díaz et al. , Nanoscale , 2023, 15 , 3284-3299. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR05544A.
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- 2024
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16. Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: An experience from urban West Bengal, India.
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Roy SK, Majumdar S, Singh R, and Paul A
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Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that affects new mothers within the first year after childbirth. PPD can negatively impact both the mother's quality of life and the child's development. Untreated PPD can lead to adverse outcomes, such as infant growth retardation, poor child survival, impaired development, and undernutrition. The burden of PPD is a significant public health concern, with a global prevalence increase of 18.4% from 2005 to 2015. Early detection and intervention of PPD can mitigate the severity and chronicity of symptoms., Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD among mothers in an urban area of Kolkata and identify any influencing factors., Materials and Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design, surveying 189 mothers within the postpartum period of 6 weeks to 1 year. Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to identify possible PPD., Results: About 29% of the women had probable PPD, 19% had possible depression, and 15% had no depression. Factors associated with depression included low birth weight and primiparity, while financial independence served as a protective factor. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that low-birth-weight babies, marital conflict, lack of support at home, and primiparity had higher odds of depression, whereas financial independence was a protective factor. Age was not statistically significant., Conclusion: A high prevalence of PPD and significant associations with factors emphasized the importance of screening all mothers for PPD, providing medical care and counselling, and ensuring acceptance and support from partners, family, and society., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)
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- 2024
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17. A computational approach to developing a multi-epitope vaccine for combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia and sepsis.
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Roy SK, Biswas MS, Foyzur Raman M, Hasan R, Rahmann Z, and Uddin P K MM
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- Humans, Epitopes immunology, Epitopes chemistry, Pneumonia prevention & control, Pneumonia immunology, Pneumonia microbiology, Pseudomonas Vaccines immunology, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics, Pseudomonas Infections prevention & control, Pseudomonas Infections immunology, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Sepsis prevention & control, Sepsis immunology, Sepsis microbiology, Computational Biology methods
- Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex nosocomial infectious agent responsible for numerous illnesses, with its growing resistance variations complicating treatment development. Studies have emphasized the importance of virulence factors OprE and OprF in pathogenesis, highlighting their potential as vaccine candidates. In this study, B-cell, MHC-I, and MHC-II epitopes were identified, and molecular linkers were active to join these epitopes with an appropriate adjuvant to construct a vaccine. Computational tools were employed to forecast the tertiary framework, characteristics, and also to confirm the vaccine's composition. The potency was weighed through population coverage analysis and immune simulation. This project aims to create a multi-epitope vaccine to reduce P. aeruginosa-related illness and mortality using immunoinformatics resources. The ultimate complex has been determined to be stable, soluble, antigenic, and non-allergenic upon inspection of its physicochemical and immunological properties. Additionally, the protein exhibited acidic and hydrophilic characteristics. The Ramachandran plot, ProSA-web, ERRAT, and Verify3D were employed to ensure the final model's authenticity once the protein's three-dimensional structure had been established and refined. The vaccine model showed a significant binding score and stability when interacting with MHC receptors. Population coverage analysis indicated a global coverage rate of 83.40%, with the USA having the highest coverage rate, exceeding 90%. Moreover, the vaccine sequence underwent codon optimization before being cloned into the Escherichia coli plasmid vector pET-28a (+) at the EcoRI and EcoRV restriction sites. Our research has developed a vaccine against P. aeruginosa that has strong binding affinity and worldwide coverage, offering an acceptable way to mitigate nosocomial infections., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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- 2024
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18. Microneedles: An Efficient Technique to Increase Transdermal Drug Delivery System.
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Roy SK, Ali KA, Biswas M, Dey A, Bishal A, and Kuiry A
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) have gained attention as a viable substitute for traditional drug administration methods because of their controlled release capabilities and non-invasive design. Microneedles are a new and effective technology that has attracted a lot of attention recently to enhance the capabilities of TDDS further. The study on microneedles and their potential to improve transdermal medication delivery is thoroughly reviewed in this review article. The study initiates by clarifying the difficulties linked to traditional medication delivery techniques and the benefits provided by transdermal channels. The article then explores the development of microneedle technology, outlining the several kinds of microneedles-solid, hollow, and dissolving-as well as their uses. Because of their special capacity to penetrate the skin's protective layer painlessly and their ability to distribute drugs precisely and precisely, microneedles are a highly useful instrument in pharmaceutical research. The materials, geometry, and manufacturing processes that affect the design and creation of microneedles are critically analyzed and presented. The manuscript delves into the latest developments in microneedle technology, encompassing the utilization of biodegradable polymers, smart materials, and sensing components for in-the-- moment monitoring. This analysis concludes by highlighting the noteworthy advancements in the field of microneedles and their potential to transform transdermal drug delivery systems. This thorough knowledge seeks to further the current discussion in pharmaceutical research, encouraging creativity and opening the door for the creation of safer, more effective drug delivery systems., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2024
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19. The Pattern of Anemia in Pediatric Solid Tumors Prior to and after Chemotherapy- A Retrospective Cohort Study.
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Aron TB, Roy SK, Mao S, Li B, Richard SA, and Liu Y
- Abstract
Background: Solid pediatric tumors refer to cancers that affect children and adoles-cents, and they present unique challenges due to their distinct biological characteristics and their vulnerability to young patients. This study aims to shed light on addressing anemia and the causes of anemia in patients with solid pediatric tumors., Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort comprised 200 healthy children as controls and 235 patients with solid tumors. The study was conducted at first Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2020 and June 2023. We evaluated different parameters of blood components in controls and patients with solid tumors such as medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, germ cell tumors, hepatoblastoma and nephroblastoma before and patients with only these tumors 3 weeks after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Further, we evaluated the relationship between serum ferritin and the weight of patients and assessed the relationship be-tween anemia and metastasis to the bone marrow in patients with neuroblastoma and hepatoblas-toma., Results: We observed various combinations of derangements in blood parameters such as hemo-globin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscu-lar hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, white blood cells, and plate-let in medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, germ cell tumors, hepatoblastoma and nephroblastoma before and 3 weeks after first cycle of chemotherapy. We found a significant correlation between serum ferritin levels and weight in neuroblastoma patients who are ≤ 2 years (p = 0.022). Involvement of tumor cells in bone marrow correlates with decreased Hb levels in both neuroblastoma (CI = 93.21-106.68, p = 0.001) and hepatoblastoma (CI = 113.36-121.00, p = 0.001)., Conclusion: Anemia may manifest as an early symptom in neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and nephroblastoma. Also, anemia may be worse in patients with neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma after chemotherapy and might warrant anemia therapy., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
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- 2024
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20. The crucial role of the cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder: Neuroimaging, neurobiological, and anatomical insights.
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Biswas MS, Roy SK, Hasan R, and Pk MMU
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a wide range of symptoms and challenges. While ASD is primarily associated with atypical social and communicative behaviors, increasing research has pointed towards the involvement of various brain regions, including the cerebellum. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cerebellar lobules in ASD, highlighting recent findings and potential therapeutic implications., Methods: Using published articles found in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we extracted pertinent data to complete this review work. We have searched for terms including anatomical insights, neuroimaging, neurobiological, and autism spectrum disorder., Results: The intricate relationship between the cerebellum and other brain regions linked to ASD has been highlighted by neurobiological research, which has shown abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems and cerebellar circuitry. The relevance of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of ASD has been further highlighted by anatomical studies that have revealed evidence of cerebellar abnormalities, including changes in volume, morphology, and connectivity., Conclusion: Thorough knowledge of the cerebellum's function in ASD may lead to new understandings of the underlying mechanisms of the condition and make it easier to create interventions and treatments that are more specifically targeted at treating cerebellar dysfunction in ASD patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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21. AI-enabled cardiac chambers volumetry in coronary artery calcium scans (AI-CAC TM ) predicts heart failure and outperforms NT-proBNP: The multi-ethnic study of Atherosclerosis.
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Naghavi M, Reeves A, Budoff M, Li D, Atlas K, Zhang C, Atlas T, Roy SK, Henschke CI, Wong ND, Defilippi C, Levy D, and Yankelevitz DF
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Prognosis, United States, Time Factors, Incidence, Aged, 80 and over, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Reproducibility of Results, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Asymptomatic Diseases, Peptide Fragments blood, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain blood, Heart Failure ethnology, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Predictive Value of Tests, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease ethnology, Biomarkers blood, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification ethnology, Computed Tomography Angiography, Artificial Intelligence, Coronary Angiography
- Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans contain useful information beyond the Agatston CAC score that is not currently reported. We recently reported that artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled cardiac chambers volumetry in CAC scans (AI-CAC™) predicted incident atrial fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In this study, we investigated the performance of AI-CAC cardiac chambers for prediction of incident heart failure (HF)., Methods: We applied AI-CAC to 5750 CAC scans of asymptomatic individuals (52% female, White 40%, Black 26%, Hispanic 22% Chinese 12%) free of known cardiovascular disease at the MESA baseline examination (2000-2002). We used the 15-year outcomes data and compared the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of AI-CAC volumetry versus NT-proBNP, Agatston score, and 9 known clinical risk factors (age, gender, diabetes, current smoking, hypertension medication, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, HDL for predicting incident HF over 15 years., Results: Over 15 years of follow-up, 256 HF events accrued. The time-dependent AUC [95% CI] at 15 years for predicting HF with AI-CAC all chambers volumetry (0.86 [0.82,0.91]) was significantly higher than NT-proBNP (0.74 [0.69, 0.77]) and Agatston score (0.71 [0.68, 0.78]) (p < 0.0001), and comparable to clinical risk factors (0.85, p = 0.4141). Category-free Net Reclassification Index (NRI) [95% CI] adding AI-CAC LV significantly improved on clinical risk factors (0.32 [0.16,0.41]), NT-proBNP (0.46 [0.33,0.58]), and Agatston score (0.71 [0.57,0.81]) for HF prediction at 15 years (p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: AI-CAC volumetry significantly outperformed NT-proBNP and the Agatston CAC score, and significantly improved the AUC and category-free NRI of clinical risk factors for incident HF prediction., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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22. AI-enabled left atrial volumetry in coronary artery calcium scans (AI-CAC TM ) predicts atrial fibrillation as early as one year, improves CHARGE-AF, and outperforms NT-proBNP: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
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Naghavi M, Yankelevitz D, Reeves AP, Budoff MJ, Li D, Atlas K, Zhang C, Atlas TL, Lirette S, Wasserthal J, Roy SK, Henschke C, Wong ND, Defilippi C, Heckbert SR, and Greenland P
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Aged, 80 and over, Time Factors, Prognosis, United States, Artificial Intelligence, Computed Tomography Angiography, Heart Atria diagnostic imaging, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Asymptomatic Diseases, Incidence, Reproducibility of Results, Atrial Fibrillation ethnology, Atrial Fibrillation diagnostic imaging, Atrial Fibrillation blood, Peptide Fragments blood, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain blood, Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging, Coronary Artery Disease ethnology, Predictive Value of Tests, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging, Vascular Calcification ethnology, Biomarkers blood, Coronary Angiography
- Abstract
Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans contain actionable information beyond CAC scores that is not currently reported., Methods: We have applied artificial intelligence-enabled automated cardiac chambers volumetry to CAC scans (AI-CAC
TM ) to 5535 asymptomatic individuals (52.2% women, ages 45-84) that were previously obtained for CAC scoring in the baseline examination (2000-2002) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). AI-CAC took on average 21 s per CAC scan. We used the 5-year outcomes data for incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and assessed discrimination using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) of AI-CAC LA volume with known predictors of AF, the CHARGE-AF Risk Score and NT-proBNP. The mean follow-up time to an AF event was 2.9 ± 1.4 years., Results: At 1,2,3,4, and 5 years follow-up 36, 77, 123, 182, and 236 cases of AF were identified, respectively. The AUC for AI-CAC LA volume was significantly higher than CHARGE-AF for Years 1, 2, and 3 (0.83 vs. 0.74, 0.84 vs. 0.80, and 0.81 vs. 0.78, respectively, all p < 0.05), but similar for Years 4 and 5, and significantly higher than NT-proBNP at Years 1-5 (all p < 0.01), but not for combined CHARGE-AF and NT-proBNP at any year. AI-CAC LA significantly improved the continuous Net Reclassification Index for prediction of AF over years 1-5 when added to CHARGE-AF Risk Score (0.60, 0.28, 0.32, 0.19, 0.24), and NT-proBNP (0.68, 0.44, 0.42, 0.30, 0.37) (all p < 0.01)., Conclusion: AI-CAC LA volume enabled prediction of AF as early as one year and significantly improved on risk classification of CHARGE-AF Risk Score and NT-proBNP., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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23. Synergizing remote sensing and ecological indicators (RSEIs) for evaluating ecological environmental quality (EEQ) in Asansol Municipal Corporation: an integrated approach.
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Sarkar S, Manna H, Roy SK, Dolui M, and Hossain M
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- Ecology, Principal Component Analysis, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Ecosystem, Cities, Environmental Monitoring methods, Remote Sensing Technology
- Abstract
Human activities have dramatically affected global ecology over the past few decades. Geospatial technologies provide quick, efficient, and quantitative evaluation of spatiotemporal changes in eco-environmental quality (EEQ). This study focuses on a novel approach called remote sensing-based ecological indicators (RSEIs), which has used Landsat imagery data to assess environmental conditions and their changing trends. Four ecological indicators, mainly heatness, dryness, wetness, and greenness, have been used to assess the EEQ in Asansol Municipal Corporation Region (AMCR). Assembling all the indicators to generate RSEI, the principal component analysis (PCA) approach was applied. Our findings show that wetness and greenness favorably impact the province's EEQ, whereas dryness and heat create a negative impact. The RSEI assessment revealed that 24.53 to 28.83% of the area was poor and very poor, whereas the areas with very good decreased from 18.80 to 4.01% from 2001 to 2021 due to urban expansion and industrialization. The relative importance analysis indicates that greenness has a positive relation with RSEI, and dryness and heatness have a negative relation with RSEI. Finally, the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) was used for validation (AUC-0.885) of the RSEI. This study offers valuable insights for ecological management decision-making, guiding planners, and policymakers., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2024
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24. Deciphering proteomic mechanisms explaining the role of glutathione as an aid in improving plant fitness and tolerance against cadmium-toxicity in Brassica napus L.
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Mittra PK, Rahman MA, Roy SK, Kwon SJ, Yun SH, Kun C, Zhou M, Katsube-Tanaka T, Shiraiwa T, and Woo SH
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- Soil Pollutants toxicity, Proteome drug effects, Proteome metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Cadmium toxicity, Brassica napus drug effects, Brassica napus genetics, Brassica napus metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Proteomics
- Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) hazard is a serious limitation to plants, soils and environments. Cd-toxicity causes stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis, and plant yield loss. Thus, ecofriendly strategies with understanding of molecular mechanisms of Cd-tolerance in plants is highly demandable. The Cd-toxicity caused plant growth retardation, leaf chlorosis and cellular damages, where the glutathione (GSH) enhanced plant fitness and Cd-toxicity in Brassica through Cd accumulation and antioxidant defense. A high-throughput proteome approach screened 4947 proteins, wherein 370 were differently abundant, 164 were upregulated and 206 were downregulated. These proteins involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism, CO
2 assimilation and photosynthesis, signal transduction and protein metabolism, antioxidant defense response, heavy metal detoxification, cytoskeleton and cell wall structure, and plant development in Brassica. Interestingly, several key proteins including glutathione S-transferase F9 (A0A078GBY1), ATP sulfurylase 2 (A0A078GW82), cystine lyase CORI3 (A0A078FC13), ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase 1 (A0A078HXC0), glutaredoxin-C5 (A0A078ILU9), glutaredoxin-C2 (A0A078HHH4) actively involved in antioxidant defense and sulfur assimilation-mediated Cd detoxification process confirmed by their interactome analyses. These candidate proteins shared common gene networks associated with plant fitness, Cd-detoxification and tolerance in Brassica. The proteome insights may encourage breeders for enhancing multi-omics assisted Cd-tolerance in Brassica, and GSH-mediated hazard free oil seed crop production for global food security., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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25. Orientation-based solar noise impact on underwater and free-space optical wireless communication systems: experimental investigations.
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Mahapatra SK, Howlader M, Roy SK, and Varshney SK
- Abstract
Solar noise, when it interferes with the received signal at the system receiver (Rx) of an optical wireless communication (OWC) system, degrades the system's performance. The detrimental effect of solar noise on OWC systems has been well established in the literature. This work experimentally demonstrates solar noise interference in the OWC system by pointing the system Rx in various orientations in air and water mediums, e.g., 0° (Rx pointing horizontally leftward), 45°, 90° (Rx pointing vertically downward), 135°, 180° (Rx pointing horizontally rightward), 225°, 270° (Rx pointing vertically upward), and 315°. The experimental outcomes depict the signal's noise content, spectral leakage, and roll-off rate variation at multiple Rx orientations. We also demonstrate the solar noise interference in transmitting an image through the outdoor underwater OWC link by pointing the system Rx in various orientations. Experimental demonstration confirms that the same OWC system never behaves identically in the presence of solar noise if the system Rx keeps changing its orientation during the maneuver.
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- 2024
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26. Application of extreme learning machine (ELM) forecasting model on CO 2 emission dataset of a natural gas-fired power plant in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Rahman M, Rashid F, Roy SK, and Habib MA
- Abstract
Understanding and predicting CO
2 emissions from individual power plants is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. This study analyzes and forecasts CO2 emissions from an engine-based natural gas-fired power plant in Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ), Bangladesh. This study also presents a rich dataset and ELM-based prediction model for a natural gas-fired plant in Bangladesh. Utilizing a rich dataset of Electricity generation and Gas Consumption, CO2 emissions in tons are estimated based on the measured energy use, and the ELM models were trained on CO2 emissions data from January 2015 to December 2022 and used to forecast CO2 emissions until December 2026. This study aims to improve the understanding and prediction of CO2 emissions from natural gas-fired power plants. While the specific operational strategy of the studied plant is not available, the provided data can serve as a valuable baseline or benchmark for comparison with similar facilities and the development of future research on optimizing operations and CO2 mitigation strategies. The Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) modeling method was employed due to its efficiency and accuracy in prediction. The ELM models achieved performance metrics Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE), values respectively 3494.46 (<5000), 2013.42 (<2500), and 0.93 close to 1, which falls within the acceptable range. Although natural gas is a cleaner alternative, emission reduction remains essential. This data-driven approach using a Bangladeshi case study provides a replicable framework for optimizing plant operations and measuring and forecasting CO2 emissions from similar facilities, contributing to global climate change., (© 2024 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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27. Clinical significance of PNO1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Roy SK, Srivastava S, McCance C, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, and Srivastava RK
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- Humans, Male, Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Prognosis, Middle Aged, Signal Transduction, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Receptors, Notch metabolism, Receptors, Notch genetics, Cell Movement genetics, Neoplastic Stem Cells metabolism, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition genetics, Cell Proliferation, Clinical Relevance, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular genetics, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Liver Neoplasms genetics, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics
- Abstract
The RNA-binding protein PNO1 plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that it is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker of HCC and also examine the therapeutic potential of PNO1 knockout for the treatment of HCC. PNO1 expression was upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 expression was positively associated with tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PNO1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to that in fibrolamellar carcinoma or normal tissues. Furthermore, HCC tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53. PNO1 knockout suppressed cell viability, colony formation and EMT of HCC cells. Since activation of Notch signalling pathway promotes HCC, we measured the effects of PNO1 knockout on the components of Notch pathway and its targets. PNO1 knockout suppressed Notch signalling by modulating the expression of Notch ligands and their receptors, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockout also inhibited genes involved in surface adhesion, cell cycle, inflammation and chemotaxis. PNO1 knockout also inhibited colony and spheroid formation, cell migration and invasion, and markers of stem cells, pluripotency and EMT in CSCs. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HCC, and knockout of PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 can be beneficial for the management of HCC by targeting CSCs., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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28. Utilisation of public healthcare services by an indigenous group: a mixed-method study among Santals of West Bengal, India.
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Mozumdar A, Das BM, Kundu Chowdhury T, and Roy SK
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- Adult, Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Services, India, Health Services Accessibility, Patient Acceptance of Health Care
- Abstract
A barrier to meeting the goal of universal health coverage in India is the inequality in utilisation of health services between indigenous and non-indigenous people. This study aimed to explore the determinants of utilisation, or non-utilisation, of public healthcare services among the Santals, an indigenous community living in West Bengal, India. The study holistically explored the utilisation of public healthcare facilities using a framework that conceptualised service coverage to be dependent on a set of determinants - viz. the nature and severity of the ailment, availability, accessibility (geographical and financial), and acceptability of the healthcare options and decision-making around these further depends on background characteristics of the individual or their family/household. This cross-sectional study adopts ethnographic approach for detailed insight into the issue and interviewed 422 adult members of Santals living in both rural (Bankura) and urban (Howrah) areas of West Bengal for demographic, socio-economic characteristics and healthcare utilisation behaviour using pre-tested data collection schedule. The findings revealed that utilisation of the public healthcare facilities was low, especially in urban areas. Residence in urban areas, being female, having higher education, engaging in salaried occupation and having availability of private allopathic and homoeopathic doctors in the locality had higher odds of not utilising public healthcare services. Issues like misbehaviour from the health personnel, unavailability of medicine, poor quality of care, and high patient load were reported as the major reasons for non-utilisation of public health services. The finding highlights the importance of improving the availability and quality of care of healthcare services for marginalised populations because these communities live in geographically isolated places and have low affordability of private healthcare. The health programme needs to address these issues to improve the utilisation and reduce the inequality in healthcare utilisation, which would be beneficial for all segments of Indian population.
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- 2024
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29. A Leaky False Pouch: Left Ventricle Pseudoaneurysm with Active Hemopericardium Detected on Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography.
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Barforoshi S, Shekar C, Yu Z, Liu E, Manubolu V, Budoff MJ, and Roy SK
- Abstract
Pseudoaneurysm is a rare but fatal complication of myocardial infarction (MI). With the advances in cardiovascular disease detection and treatments, fatal structural complications post-MI are now rare. When they occur, advanced diagnostic modalities can be used for early diagnosis, aiding surgical planning, and improving prognosis. In our case, post-MI left ventricle pseudoaneurysm complicated by hemopericardium was diagnosed using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Use of attenuation measurement on CCTA helped diagnose active extravasation into the hemopericardium. This case highlights the high index of suspicion needed for rare but fatal complications post-MI and the utility of CCTA in their management., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
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- 2024
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30. Stone mining work and dust pollution in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India.
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Malakar B, Roy SK, Mondal MH, and Roy A
- Subjects
- Humans, Silicon Dioxide, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared methods, Dust analysis, India, Occupational Exposure analysis, Air Pollutants, Occupational analysis
- Abstract
Dust pollution is common in Indian roads and several industrial settings (including mines) that affects human health. Identification and characterization of the dust particles in the mining area is essential for knowing the properties of the dust that effectively causes ailments to humans, particularly among workers those who are working in unorganized industrial settings. The present study aimed to determine the level of dust pollution and to know the size and characterize the dust particles in the Pachami-Hatgacha stone mine areas of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Dust samples were collected and analysed for Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to determine the size and shape of the particles, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the free silica content, and X-ray Florence (XRF) analysis for quantitative estimation of components in the sample. All the analyses were done following standard instrumentation and techniques. The size of the dust particles was much less (ranges 101-298 nm) than the size of respirable particles (2500 nm). Those were mostly generated as well as precipitated during peak working hours of the day. Presence of considerable amounts of silica was confirmed by the FT-IR (strong and broad band at 1000 cm
-1 ) and XRF analysis (76.85% SiO2 ). Exposure to these dust particles may cause severe health impairments. Therefore, interventions like wet drilling and blasting, sprinkling of water during peak working hours, and awareness of use of personal protective devices among workers are required to reduce the risk and hazards associated with dust pollution to the health of miners and inhabitants around the mines., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.- Published
- 2024
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31. Effect of hydrophilicity-imparting substituents on exciton delocalization in squaraine dye aggregates covalently templated to DNA Holliday junctions.
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Pascual G, Roy SK, Barcenas G, Wilson CK, Cervantes-Salguero K, Obukhova OM, Krivoshey AI, Terpetschnig EA, Tatarets AL, Li L, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Mass OA, Pensack RD, and Lee J
- Subjects
- Computing Methodologies, Quantum Theory, DNA chemistry, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, DNA, Cruciform, Fluorescent Dyes chemistry, Cyclobutanes, Phenols
- Abstract
Molecular aggregates exhibit emergent properties, including the collective sharing of electronic excitation energy known as exciton delocalization, that can be leveraged in applications such as quantum computing, optical information processing, and light harvesting. In a previous study, we found unexpectedly large excitonic interactions (quantified by the excitonic hopping parameter J
m , n ) in DNA-templated aggregates of squaraine (SQ) dyes with hydrophilic-imparting sulfo and butylsulfo substituents. Here, we characterize DNA Holliday junction (DNA-HJ) templated aggregates of an expanded set of SQs and evaluate their optical properties in the context of structural heterogeneity. Specifically, we characterized the orientation of and Jm , n between dyes in dimer aggregates of non-chlorinated and chlorinated SQs. Three new chlorinated SQs that feature a varying number of butylsulfo substituents were synthesized and attached to a DNA-HJ via a covalent linker to form adjacent and transverse dimers. Various characteristics of the dye, including its hydrophilicity (in terms of log Po/w ) and surface area, and of the substituents, including their local bulkiness and electron withdrawing capacity, were quantified computationally. The orientation of and Jm , n between the dyes were estimated using a model based on Kühn-Renger-May theory to fit the absorption and circular dichroism spectra. The results suggested that adjacent dimer aggregates of all the non-chlorinated and of the most hydrophilic chlorinated SQ dyes exhibit heterogeneity; that is, they form a mixture of dimers subpopulations. A key finding of this work is that dyes with a higher hydrophilicity (lower log Po/w ) formed dimers with smaller Jm , n and large center-to-center dye distance ( Rm , n ). Also, the results revealed that the position of the dye in the DNA-HJ template, that is, adjacent or transverse, impacted Jm , n . Lastly, we found that Jm , n between symmetrically substituted dyes was reduced by increasing the local bulkiness of the substituent. This work provides insights into how to maintain strong excitonic coupling and identifies challenges associated with heterogeneity, which will help to improve control of these dye aggregates and move forward their potential application as quantum information systems.- Published
- 2024
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32. Identification of influential weather parameters and seasonal drought prediction in Bangladesh using machine learning algorithm.
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Al Mamun MA, Sarker MR, Sarkar MAR, Roy SK, Nihad SAI, McKenzie AM, Hossain MI, and Kabir MS
- Subjects
- Seasons, Bangladesh, Algorithms, Climate Change, Droughts, Weather
- Abstract
Droughts pose a severe environmental risk in countries that rely heavily on agriculture, resulting in heightened levels of concern regarding food security and livelihood enhancement. Bangladesh is highly susceptible to environmental hazards, with droughts further exacerbating the precarious situation for its 170 million inhabitants. Therefore, we are endeavouring to highlight the identification of the relative importance of climatic attributes and the estimation of the seasonal intensity and frequency of droughts in Bangladesh. With a period of forty years (1981-2020) of weather data, sophisticated machine learning (ML) methods were employed to classify 35 agroclimatic regions into dry or wet conditions using nine weather parameters, as determined by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Out of 24 ML algorithms, the four best ML methods, ranger, bagEarth, support vector machine, and random forest (RF) have been identified for the prediction of multi-scale drought indices. The RF classifier and the Boruta algorithms shows that water balance, precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature have a higher influence on drought intensity and occurrence across Bangladesh. The trend of spatio-temporal analysis indicates, drought intensity has decreased over time, but return time has increased. There was significant variation in changing the spatial nature of drought intensity. Spatially, the drought intensity shifted from the northern to central and southern zones of Bangladesh, which had an adverse impact on crop production and the livelihood of rural and urban households. So, this precise study has important implications for the understanding of drought prediction and how to best mitigate its impacts. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for better collaboration between relevant stakeholders, such as policymakers, researchers, communities, and local actors, to develop effective adaptation strategies and increase monitoring of weather conditions for the meticulous management of droughts in Bangladesh., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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33. Docetaxel radiosensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer by downregulating CAV-1.
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Tu KJ, Roy SK, Keepers Z, Gartia MR, Shukla HD, and Biswal NC
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- Male, Humans, Docetaxel pharmacology, Docetaxel therapeutic use, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant radiotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: Docetaxel (DXL), a noted radiosensitizer, is one of the few chemotherapy drugs approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), though only a fraction of CRPCs respond to it. CAV-1, a critical regulator of radioresistance, has been known to modulate DXL and radiation effects. Combining DXL with radiotherapy may create a synergistic anticancer effect through CAV-1 and improve CRPC patients' response to therapy. Here, we investigate the effectiveness and molecular characteristics of DXL and radiation combination therapy in vitro., Materials and Methods: We used live/dead assays to determine the IC
50 of DXL for PC3, DU-145, and TRAMP-C1 cells. Colony formation assay was used to determine the radioresponse of the same cells treated with radiation with/without IC50 DXL (4, 8, and 12 Gy). We performed gene expression analysis on public transcriptomic data collected from human-derived prostate cancer cell lines (C4-2, PC3, DU-145, and LNCaP) treated with DXL for 8, 16, and 72 hours. Cell cycle arrest and protein expression were assessed using flow cytometry and western blot, respectively., Results: Compared to radiation alone, combination therapy with DXL significantly increased CRPC death in PC3 (1.48-fold, p < .0001), DU-145 (1.64-fold, p < .05), and TRAMP-C1 (1.13-fold, p < .05) at 4 Gy of radiation. Gene expression of CRPC treated with DXL revealed downregulated genes related to cell cycle regulation and upregulated genes related to immune activation and oxidative stress. Confirming the results, G2/M cell cycle arrest was significantly increased after treatment with DXL and radiation. CAV-1 protein expression was decreased after DXL treatment in a dose-dependent manner; furthermore, CAV-1 copy number was strongly associated with poor response to therapy in CRPC patients., Conclusions: Our results suggest that DXL sensitizes CRPC cells to radiation by downregulating CAV-1. DXL + radiation combination therapy may be effective at treating CRPC, especially subtypes associated with high CAV-1 expression, and should be studied further.- Published
- 2024
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34. Methods and Reproducibility of Liver Fat Measurement Using 3-Dimensional Liver Segmentation From Noncontrast Computed Tomography in EVAPORATE Cohort.
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Ding KR, Lakshmanan S, Holda M, Kinninger A, Manubolu VS, Joshi T, Golub I, Mao SS, Budoff MJ, and Roy SK
- Subjects
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnostic imaging, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease not only shares multiple risk factors with cardiovascular disease but also independently predicts its increased risk and related outcomes. Here, we evaluate reproducibility of 3-dimensional (3D) liver volume segmentation method to identify fatty liver on noncontrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) and compare measures with previously validated 2-dimensional (2D) segmentation CT criteria for the measurement of liver fat., Methods: The study included 68 participants enrolled in the EVAPORATE trial and underwent serial noncontrast cardiac CT. Liver attenuation < 40 Hounsfield units (HU) was used for diagnosing fatty liver, as done in the MESA study. Two-dimensional and 3D segmentation of the liver were performed by Philips software. Bland-Altman plot analysis was used to assess reproducibility., Results: Interreader reproducibility of 3D liver mean HU measurements was 96% in a sample of 111 scans. Reproducibility of 2D and 3D liver mean HU measurements was 93% in a sample of 111 scans. Reproducibility of change in 2D and 3D liver mean HU was 94% in 68 scans. Kappa, a measure of agreement in which the 2D and 3D measures both identified fatty liver, was excellent at 96.4% in 111 scans., Conclusions: Fatty liver can be reliably diagnosed and measured serially in a stable and reproducible way by 3D liver segmentation of noncontrast cardiac CT scans. Future studies need to explore the sensitivity and stability of measures for low liver fat content by 3D segmentation, over the current 2D methodology. This measure can serve as an imaging biomarker to understand mechanistic correlations between atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and cardiovascular disease risk., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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35. Spatiotemporal expression and coexpression patterns of SRPK1 in the human brain: A neurodevelopmental perspective.
- Author
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Wang JJ, Roy SK, and Xu YM
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Brain metabolism, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Transcriptome
- Abstract
Background: SRPK1 is a splicing-related protein that plays an important role in the development and function of the human brain. This article presents evidence that SRPK1 has distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns enriched in processes related to neurodevelopmental disorders across development., Material and Method: We used the BrainSpan growing mammalian brain transcriptome to evaluate the distribution of SRPK1 throughout the entire brain. RNA-sequencing data were gathered from 524 tissue samples recovered from 41 postmortem brains of physiologically normal individuals spanning early developing fetus (8 postconception weeks, PCW) to later life (40 years of age). Using the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) dataset, we analyzed the spatial gene expression of 15 adult human brains. Using Toppgene, we identified genes that exhibit significant coexpression with SRPK1., Results: We found evidence that analyzing the spatiotemporal gene expression profile and identifying coexpressed genes reveals that SRPK1 expression is involved in various neurodevelopmental and somatic events throughout the lifetime., Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of detailed maps of gene expression in the human brain for improved human-to-human translation and illustrate differences in SRPK1 expression across anatomical areas and developmental stages in healthy human brain tissue., (© 2023 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
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36. Upper respiratory tract microbiome profiles in SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infected patients exhibit variant specific patterns and robust prediction of disease groups.
- Author
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Nath S, Sarkar M, Maddheshiya A, De D, Paul S, Dey S, Pal K, Roy SK, Ghosh A, Sengupta S, Paine SK, Biswas NK, Basu A, and Mukherjee S
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Nose, COVID-19, Microbiota genetics
- Abstract
Importance: The role of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome in predicting lung health has been documented in several studies. The dysbiosis in COVID patients has been associated with disease outcomes by modulating the host immune system. However, although it has been known that different SARS-CoV-2 variants manifest distinct transmissibility and mortality rates in human populations, their effect on the composition and diversity of the URT microbiome has not been studied to date. Unlike the older variant (Delta), the newer variant (Omicron) have become more transmissible with lesser mortality and the symptoms have also changed significantly. Hence, in the present study, we have investigated the change in the URT microbiome associated with Delta and Omicron variants and identified variant-specific signatures that will be useful in the assessment of lung health and can be utilized for nasal probiotic therapy in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
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37. Enhanced Photo-Cross-Linking of Thymines in DNA Holliday Junction-Templated Squaraine Dimers.
- Author
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Basu S, Roy SK, Barcenas G, Li L, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, and Lee J
- Subjects
- Computing Methodologies, Quantum Theory, DNA chemistry, Coloring Agents, DNA, Cruciform, Thymine
- Abstract
Programmable self-assembly of dyes using DNA templates to promote exciton delocalization in dye aggregates is gaining considerable interest. New methods to improve the rigidity of the DNA scaffold and thus the stability of the molecular dye aggregates to encourage exciton delocalization are desired. In these dye-DNA constructs, one potential way to increase the stability of the aggregates is to create an additional covalent bond via photo-cross-linking reactions between thymines in the DNA scaffold. Specifically, we report an approach to increase the yield of photo-cross-linking reaction between thymines in the core of a DNA Holliday junction while limiting the damage from UV irradiation to DNA. We investigated the effect of the distance between thymines on the photo-cross-linking reaction yields by using linkers with different lengths to tether the dyes to the DNA templates. By comprehensively evaluating the photo-cross-linking reaction yields of dye-DNA aggregates using linkers with different lengths, we conclude that interstrand thymines tend to photo-cross-link more efficiently with short linkers. A higher cross-linking yield was achieved due to the shorter intermolecular distance between thymines influenced by strong dye-dye interactions. Our method establishes the possibility of improving the stability of DNA-scaffolded dye aggregates, thereby expanding their use in exciton-based applications such as light harvesting, nanoscale computing, quantum computing, and optoelectronics.
- Published
- 2023
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38. Effect of Reaction Parameters on CO 2 Absorption from Biogas Using CaO Sorbent Prepared from Waste Chicken Eggshell.
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Akter T, Abdur R, Shahinuzzaman M, Jamal MS, Gafur MA, Roy SK, Aziz S, Shaikh MAA, and Hossain M
- Abstract
This study provides an efficient and straightforward approach to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) by absorption using a calcium oxide (CaO) sorbent derived from chicken eggshells. The sorbent concentration, stirring speed, and contact time were varied. The optimal condition for CO2 removal was a 10% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) suspension at 600 rpm with 20 min interaction. This optimum condition conferred the ever-highest absorption (98.71%) of CO2 through Ca(OH)2 suspensions from eggshell-derived CaO. X-ray diffraction was used to identify crystallographic phases and optimum conditions revealed calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) formation with the highest intensity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed peaks for the carbonate (CO3 2- ) group, field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphological and structural properties of the sorbent before and after CO2 absorption, and thermogravimetric analysis was performed to understand the reaction mechanism. According to the kinetic analysis, the sorbent can be fully decomposed with a minimum activation energy ( Ea ) of 89.09 kJ/mol., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)- Published
- 2023
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39. Proteome insights of citric acid-mediated cadmium toxicity tolerance in Brassica napus L.
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Mittra PK, Roy SK, Rahman MA, Naimuzzaman M, Kwon SJ, Yun SH, Cho K, Katsube-Tanaka T, Shiraiwa T, and Woo SH
- Subjects
- Cadmium analysis, Antioxidants metabolism, Proteome metabolism, Citric Acid metabolism, Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase metabolism, Plant Breeding, Sulfur metabolism, Brassica napus metabolism, Metals, Heavy metabolism, Brassica metabolism
- Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic substance that is uptake by plants from soils, Cd easily transfers into the food chain. Considering global food security, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and metal detoxification strategies are highly demandable for sustainable food crop production. The purpose of this study was to investigate how citric acid (CA) alleviates or tolerates Cd toxicity in Brassica using a proteome approach. In this study, the global proteome level was significantly altered under Cd toxicity with or without CA supplementation in Brassica. A total of 4947 proteins were identified using the gel-free proteome approach. Out of these, 476 proteins showed differential abundance between the treatment groups, wherein 316 were upregulated and 160 were downregulated. The gene ontology analysis reveals that differentially abundant proteins were involved in different biological processes including energy and carbohydrate metabolism, CO
2 assimilation and photosynthesis, signal transduction and protein metabolism, antioxidant defense, heavy metal detoxification, plant development, and cytoskeleton and cell wall structure in Brassica leaves. Interestingly, several candidate proteins such as superoxide dismutase (A0A078GZ68) L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 (A0A078HSG4), glutamine synthetase (A0A078HLB2), glutathione S-transferase DHAR1 (A0A078HPN8), glutamine synthetase (A0A078HLB2), cysteine synthase (A0A078GAD3), S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 (A0A078JDL6), and thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase 2 (A0A078H905) were involved in antioxidant defense system and sulfur assimilation-involving Cd-detoxification process in Brassica. These findings provide new proteome insights into CA-mediated Cd-toxicity alleviation in Brassica, which might be useful to oilseed crop breeders for enhancing heavy metal tolerance in Brassica using the breeding program, with sustainable and smart Brassica production in a metal-toxic environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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40. Efficacy and Safety of Iodixanol in Computed Coronary Tomographic Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization.
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Budoff MJ, Lee HS, Roy SK, and Shekar C
- Abstract
Iodixanol is an iso-osmolar non-ionic dimeric hydrophilic contrast agent with a higher viscosity than the monomeric agents. It is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iso-osmolar agent in the United States, and it is the only contrast agent with an FDA-approved indication for use in cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), to assist in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. In clinical studies, it has been noted to have fewer side effects and similar image quality when compared to low-osmolar contrast media. This can be attributed to the pharmacological properties of iodixanol. These contrast agents are used for coronary computed tomography angiography and cardiac catheterization. In this article, the use, tolerability, and efficacy of iodixanol are reviewed, specifically evaluating the use of CCTA and coronary angiography, including outcome studies, randomized trials, and comparisons to other contrast agents.
- Published
- 2023
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41. Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources.
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Sha SP, Modak D, Sarkar S, Roy SK, Sah SP, Ghatani K, and Bhattacharjee S
- Abstract
Fruits are crucial components of a balanced diet and a good source of natural antioxidants, that have proven efficacy in various chronic illnesses. Various kinds of waste generated from fruit industries are considered a global concern. By utilizing this fruit waste, the international goal of "zero waste" can be achieved by sustainable utilization of these waste materials as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Moreover, to overcome this waste burden, research have focused on recovering the bioactive compounds from fruit industries and obtaining a new strategy to combat certain chronic diseases. The separation of high-value substances from fruit waste, including phytochemicals, dietary fibers, and polysaccharides which can then be used as functional ingredients for long-term health benefits. Several novel extraction technologies like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) could provide an alternative approach for successful extraction of the valuable bioactives from the fruit waste for their utilization as nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and value-added products. Most of these waste-derived secondary metabolites comprise polyphenols, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, insulin resistance-treating, cardiovascular disease-maintaining, probiotics-enhancing, or even anti-microbial and anti-viral capabilities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of fruit waste by-products in pharmacological, biological, and probiotic applications and highlights several methods for identifying efficacious bioactive compounds from fruit wastes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Sha, Modak, Sarkar, Roy, Sah, Ghatani and Bhattacharjee.)
- Published
- 2023
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42. Impact of green factors on undergraduate students' green behavioral intentions: A hybrid two-stage modeling approach.
- Author
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Roy SK
- Abstract
Consumers' unsustainable behavior contributes to environmental degradation and impedes sustainability. Using green products is one way to reduce this effect and promote environmental growth. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the green factors that impact young customers' behavioral intentions regarding green products. For this purpose, the researcher designed a research model based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB). The study adopted a two-stage, hybrid model using partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA) to evaluate and validate the results. A sample of 382 undergraduate students was gathered using a convenience sampling approach. The results reveal that green TPB perception (GTP), green price sensitivity (GPS), green product trust (GPT), and green product value (GPV) are significantly and positively correlated with green behavioral intention (GBI). This study's main contribution is adding a brand-new higher-order construct, GTP, in the environmental and marketing literature and validating its effect on GBI. Again, environmental awareness moderates the association between GPS and GBI. Furthermore, the NCA's findings indicated that these variables are necessary to various degrees for students' GBI. Decision-makers may use the study's insights to create successful regulations to better understand young customers and develop appropriate green initiatives for sustainable development., Competing Interests: The author declares no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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43. Evaluation of Image Quality for High Heart Rates for Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography with Advancement in CT Technology: The CONVERGE Registry.
- Author
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Abdelkarim A, Roy SK, Kinninger A, Salek A, Baranski O, Andreini D, Pontone G, Conte E, O'Rourke R, Hamilton-Craig C, and Budoff MJ
- Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate image quality in patients with heart rates above or equal to 70 beats per minute (bpm), performed on a 16 cm scanner (256-slice General Electric Revolution) in comparison to a CT scanner with only 4 cm of coverage (64 slice Volume CT)., Background: Recent advancements in image acquisition, such as whole-heart coverage in a single rotation and post-processing methods in coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), include motion-correction algorithms, such as SnapShot Freeze (SSF), which improve temporal resolution and allow for the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) with lower motion scores and better image qualities. Studies from the comprehensive evaluation of high temporal- and spatial-resolution cardiac CT using a wide coverage system (CONVERGE) registry (a multicenter registry at four centers) have shown the 16 cm CT scanner having a better image quality in comparison to the 4 cm scanner. However, these studies failed to include patients with undesirable or high heart rates due to well-documented poor image acquisition on prior generations of CCTA scanners., Methods: A prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study comparing image quality, quantitively and qualitatively, on scans performed on a 16 cm CCTA in comparison to a cohort of images captured on a 4 cm CCTA at four centers. Participants were recruited based on broad inclusion criteria, and each patient in the 16 cm CCTA arm of the study received a CCTA scan using a 256-slice, whole-heart, single-beat scanner. These patients were then matched by age, gender, and heart rate to patients who underwent CCTA scans on a 4 cm CT scanner. Image quality was graded based on the signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and on a Likert scale of 0-4: 0, very poor-4, excellent., Results: 104 patients were evaluated for this study. The mean heart rate was 75 ± 7 in the 4 cm scanner and 75 ± 7 in the 16 cm one ( p = 0.426). The signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were higher in the 16 cm scanner ( p = 0.0001). In addition, more scans were evaluated as having an excellent quality on the 16 cm scanner than on the 4 cm scanner ( p < 0.0001) based on a 4-point Likert scale., Conclusions: The 16 cm scanner has a superior image quality for fast heart rates compared to the 4 cm scanner. This study shows that there is a significantly higher frequency of excellent and good studies showing better contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios with the 16 cm scanner compared to the 4 cm scanner.
- Published
- 2023
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44. Assessing acceptance and effects of child feeding counselling on nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months in a semi-urban community.
- Author
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Roy SK, Jahan K, Alam N, Tasnim S, and Rois R
- Subjects
- Infant, Humans, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Health Education, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Nutritional Status, Counseling
- Abstract
In Bangladesh, only 34 % of the children aged 18-23 months old are given minimum acceptable diets of complementary foods. Objective of the study was to find the effects of complementary feeding counselling on nutritional status among 6-23 months old children of poor families. This was a community-based randomised control trial. A total of 192 children in two groups were randomly selected. Nutrition education was given for a period of 4 months with post-intervention follow-up for 2 months. After 4 months of intervention, the difference in height for age Z score, weight for height Z score and weight for age Z score were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (1·01 ± 0·31 v . 0·19 ± 0·01, P =< 0·001; 1·34 ± 0·15 v 0·72 ± 0·11, P =< 0·001; 1·5 ± 0·24 v . 0·62 ± 0·04, P =< 0·001). Mid-upper arm circumference Z score also improved in the intervention group than in the control group (0·95 ± 0·03 v . 0·57 ± 0·12, P =< 0·001). Morbidity of the children in the intervention group significantly reduced than in the control group (49 % v 80·20 %, P =< 0·001). Higher feeding frequency (3-4 times) (71·9 % v . 45·8 %) and energy intake increased in the intervention group than in the control group. Promotion of complementary feeding from the family foods can improve the nutritional status of 6-23 months old children of poor families within a short period.
- Published
- 2023
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45. Quantitative imaging biomarkers of coronary plaque morphology: insights from EVAPORATE.
- Author
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Buckler AJ, Doros G, Kinninger A, Lakshmanan S, Le VT, Libby P, May HT, Muhlestein JB, Nelson JR, Nicolaou A, Roy SK, Shaikh K, Shekar C, Tayek JA, Zheng L, Bhatt DL, and Budoff MJ
- Abstract
Aims: Residual cardiovascular risk persists despite statin therapy. In REDUCE-IT, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced total events, but the mechanisms of benefit are not fully understood. EVAPORATE evaluated the effects of IPE on plaque characteristics by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Given the conclusion that the IPE-treated patients demonstrate that plaque burden decreases has already been published in the primary study analysis, we aimed to demonstrate whether the use of an analytic technique defined and validated in histological terms could extend the primary study in terms of whether such changes could be reliably seen in less time on drug, at the individual (rather than only at the cohort) level, or both, as neither of these were established by the primary study result., Methods and Results: EVAPORATE randomized the patients to IPE 4 g/day or placebo. Plaque morphology, including lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), fibrous cap thickness, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), was assessed using the ElucidVivo® (Elucid Bioimaging Inc.) on CCTA. The changes in plaque morphology between the treatment groups were analyzed. A neural network to predict treatment assignment was used to infer patient representation that encodes significant morphological changes. Fifty-five patients completed the 18-month visit in EVAPORATE with interpretable images at each of the three time points. The decrease of LRNC between the patients on IPE vs. placebo at 9 months (reduction of 2 mm
3 vs. an increase of 41 mm3 , p = 0.008), widening at 18 months (6 mm3 vs. 58 mm3 increase, p = 0.015) were observed. While not statistically significant on a univariable basis, reductions in wall thickness and increases in cap thickness motivated multivariable modeling on an individual patient basis. The per-patient response assessment was possible using a multivariable model of lipid-rich phenotype at the 9-month follow-up, p < 0.01 (sustained at 18 months), generalizing well to a validation cohort., Conclusion: Plaques in the IPE-treated patients acquired more characteristics of stability. Reliable assessment using histologically validated analysis of individual response is possible at 9 months, with sustained stabilization at 18 months, providing a quantitative basis to elucidate drug mechanism and assess individual patient response., Competing Interests: MB receives grant support from Amarin, participates in its speaker's bureau, and receives grant support from General Electric. AB is the founder and shareholder of Elucid Bioimaging, Inc. PL is an unpaid consultant to or involved in clinical trials for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Baim Institute, Beren Therapeutics, Esperion Therapeutics, Genentech, Kancera, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Regeneron. PL is a member of the scientific advisory board for Amgen, Caristo, Cartesian, CSL Behring, DalCor Pharmaceuticals, Dewpoint, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Olatec Therapeutics, MedImmune, Novartis, PlaqueTec, and XBiotech, Inc. PL's laboratory has received research funding from Novartis, Genentech, and Novo Nordisk in the last 2 years. PL is on the Board of Directors of XBiotech, Inc. PL has a financial interest in Xbiotech, a company developing therapeutic human antibodies. DB discloses the following relationships—Advisory Board: Angiowave, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, High Enroll, Janssen, Level Ex, McKinsey, Medscape Cardiology, Merck, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novo Nordisk, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Regado Biosciences, Stasys; Board of Directors: Angiowave (stock options), Boston VA Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb (stock), DRS.LINQ (stock options), High Enroll (stock), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; Chair: Inaugural Chair, American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Consultant: Broadview Ventures, Hims; Data Monitoring Committees: Acesion Pharma, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Boston Scientific (Chair, PEITHO trial), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Contego Medical (Chair, PERFORMANCE 2), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo; for the ABILITY-DM trial, funded by Concept Medical), Novartis, Population Health Research Institute; Rutgers University (for the NIH-funded MINT Trial); Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; Chair, ACC Accreditation Oversight Committee), Arnold and Porter law firm (work related to Sanofi/Bristol-Myers Squibb clopidogrel litigation), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group (clinical trial steering committees), CSL Behring (AHA lecture), Cowen and Company, Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), Level Ex, Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), MJH Life Sciences, Oakstone CME (Course Director, Comprehensive Review of Interventional Cardiology), Piper Sandler, Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national co-leader, funded by Bayer); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Patent: Sotagliflozin (named on a patent for sotagliflozin assigned to Brigham and Women's Hospital who assigned to Lexicon; neither I nor Brigham and Women's Hospital receive any income from this patent); Research Funding: Abbott, Acesion Pharma, Afimmune, Aker Biomarine, Alnylam, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beren, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardax, CellProthera, Cereno Scientific, Chiesi, CinCor, Cleerly, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Garmin, HLS Therapeutics, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Janssen, Javelin, Lexicon, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Moderna, MyoKardia, NirvaMed, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Owkin, Pfizer, PhaseBio, PLx Pharma, Recardio, Regeneron, Reid Hoffman Foundation, Roche, Sanofi, Stasys, Synaptic, The Medicines Company, Youngene, 89Bio; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Braunwald's Heart Disease); Site Co-Investigator: Abbott, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, Endotronix, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Philips, SpectraWAVE, Svelte, Vascular Solutions; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, Takeda. JN discloses the following: Amarin, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Boston Heart Diagnostic speaker bureaus. Consultant and advisor to and stock shareholder of Amarin Pharma and Amgen. AN was employed by Elucid Bioimaging Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Buckler, Doros, Kinninger, Lakshmanan, Le, Libby, May, Muhlestein, Nelson, Nicolaou, Roy, Shaikh, Shekar, Tayek, Zheng, Bhatt and Budoff.)- Published
- 2023
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46. Effects of exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.
- Author
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Roy SK, Wang JJ, and Xu YM
- Subjects
- Humans, Activities of Daily Living, Cognition, Treatment Outcome, Exercise Therapy, Alzheimer Disease psychology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of exercise intervention in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by meta-analysis., Methods: From January 2000 to January 2022, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for all studies on the clinical efficacy of exercise intervention in the treatment of AD patients. Stata 17.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis., Results: Specifically, data of 983 patients were subjected to meta-analysis, including 463 patients in the control group (conventional drug therapy) and 520 patients in the treatment group (physical exercise on the basis of conventional therapy). The results of meta-analysis showed that Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) score in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Further subgroup analysis of exercise intervention >16 weeks found that MMSE and ADL scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Subgroup analysis of exercise intervention ≤16 weeks demonstrated that MMSE and ADL in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group. In addition, the treatment group had a significant lower Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score compared with the control group (SMD = -0.76, 95% CI (-1.37, -0.16), p = .013); subgroup analysis showed that the NPI score in the treatment group were lower than that in the control group when exercise intervention was >16 weeks [SMD = -1.01, 95% CI (-1.99, -0.04), p = .042] and ≤16 weeks [SMD = 0.43, 95% CI (-0.82, -0.03), p = .034]., Conclusion: Exercise intervention can improve the neuropsychiatric symptoms, activities of daily living and cognitive function of AD patients, but the improvement is not significant in case of exercise intervention ≤16 weeks., (© 2023 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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47. Reduction of TRPC1/TRPC3 mediated Ca 2+ -signaling protects oxidative stress-induced COPD.
- Author
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Shin S, Gombedza FC, Awuah Boadi E, Yiu AJ, Roy SK, and Bandyopadhyay BC
- Subjects
- Humans, Calcium metabolism, Calcium Signaling, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, ORAI1 Protein metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 genetics, Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 metabolism, TRPC Cation Channels genetics, TRPC Cation Channels metabolism, Calcium Channels metabolism, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Oxidative stress is a predisposing factor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Specifically, pulmonary epithelial (PE) cells reduce antioxidant capacity during COPD because of the continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular pathogenesis that governs such ROS activity is unclear. Here we show that the dysregulation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca
2+ ]i ) in PE cells from COPD patients, compared to the healthy PE cells, is associated with the robust functional expressions of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC)1 and TRPC3 channels, and Ca2+ entry (SOCE) components, Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 channels. Additionally, the elevated expression levels of fibrotic, inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic markers in cells from COPD patients suggest detrimental pathway activation, thereby reducing the ability of lung remodeling. To further delineate the mechanism, we used human lung epithelial cell line, A549, since the behavior of SOCE and the expression patterns of TRPC1/C3, STIM1, and ORAI1 were much like PE cells. Notably, the knockdown of TRPC1/C3 in A549 cells substantially reduced the SOCE-induced [Ca2+ ]i rise, and reversed the ROS-mediated oxidative, fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic responses, thus confirming the role of TRPC1/C3 in SOCE driven COPD-like condition. Higher TRPC1/C3, STIM1, and ORAI1 expressions, along with a greater Ca2+ entry, via SOCE in ROS-induced A549 cells, led to the rise in oxidative, fibrotic, inflammatory, and apoptotic gene expression, specifically through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Abatement of TRPC1 and/or TRPC3 reduced the mobilization of [Ca2+ ]i and reversed apoptotic gene expression and ERK activation, signifying the involvement of TRPC1/C3. Together these data suggest that TRPC1/C3 and SOCE facilitate the COPD condition through ROS-mediated cell death, thus implicating their likely roles as potential therapeutic targets for COPD. SUMMARY: Alterations in Ca2+ signaling modalities in normal pulmonary epithelial cells exhibit COPD through oxidative stress and cellular injury, compromising repair, which was alleviated through inhibition of store-operated calcium entry. SUBJECT AREA: Calcium, ROS, Cellular signaling, lung disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2023
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48. Electronic Structure and Excited-State Dynamics of DNA-Templated Monomers and Aggregates of Asymmetric Polymethine Dyes.
- Author
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Duncan KM, Byers HM, Houdek ME, Roy SK, Biaggne A, Barclay MS, Patten LK, Huff JS, Kellis DL, Wilson CK, Lee J, Davis PH, Mass OA, Li L, Turner DB, Hall JA, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, and Pensack RD
- Abstract
Aggregates of conjugated organic molecules (i.e., dyes) may exhibit relatively large one- and two-exciton interaction energies, which has motivated theoretical studies on their potential use in quantum information science (QIS). In practice, one way of realizing large one- and two-exciton interaction energies is by maximizing the transition dipole moment (μ) and difference static dipole moment (Δ d ) of the constituent dyes. In this work, we characterized the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of monomers and aggregates of four asymmetric polymethine dyes templated via DNA. Using steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy along with quantum-chemical calculations, we found the asymmetric polymethine dye monomers exhibited a large μ, an appreciable Δ d , and a long excited-state lifetime (τ
p ). We formed dimers of all four dyes and observed that one dye, Dy 754, displayed the strongest propensity for aggregation and exciton delocalization. Motivated by these results, we undertook a more comprehensive survey of Dy 754 dimer and tetramer aggregates using steady-state absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Modeling these spectra revealed an appreciable excitonic hopping parameter ( J ). Lastly, we used femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize τp of the dimer and tetramer, which we observed to be exceedingly short. This work revealed that asymmetric polymethine dyes exhibited μ, Δ d , monomer τp , and J values promising for QIS; however, further work is needed to overcome excited-state quenching and achieve long aggregate τp .- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Coronary artery calcium progression and all-cause mortality.
- Author
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Eghtedari B, Kinninger A, Roy SK, and Budoff MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Female, Calcium, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, Vascular Calcification diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been demonstrated as a noninvasive, low-cost means of assessing atherosclerotic burden and risk of major cardiovascular events. While it has been previously shown that CAC progression predicts all-cause mortality, we sought to quantify this association by examining a large cohort over a follow-up period of 1-22 years., Methods: We studied 3260 persons aged 30-89 years referred by their primary physician for CAC measurement, with a follow-up scan at least 12 months from the initial scan. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves assessed a level of annualized CAC progression that predicted all-cause mortality. Multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between annualized CAC progression and death after adjusting for relevant cardiovascular risk factors., Results: The average time between scans was 4.7 ± 3.2 years with an additional average of 9.1 ± 4.0 years of follow-up time. The average age of the cohort was 58.1 ± 10.5 years, 70% being male, and 164 deaths occurred. Annualized CAC progression of 20 units optimized sensitivity (58%) and specificity (82%) in ROC curve analysis. Annualized CAC progression of 20 units was significantly associated with mortality while adjusting for age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, baseline CAC level, family history, and time between scans, hazard ratio 1.84 (95% CI, 1.28-2.64) P = 0.001., Conclusion: Annualized CAC progression of greater than 20 units per year significantly predicts all-cause mortality. This may add clinical value in encouraging close surveillance and aggressive treatment of individuals within this range., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Diagnosed on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in a Patient With Trisomy 13 Syndrome.
- Author
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Barforoshi S, Sheker C, Ullal AV, Manubolu V, Budoff MJ, and Roy SK
- Subjects
- Humans, Trisomy 13 Syndrome complications, Computed Tomography Angiography, Aortic Rupture etiology, Aortic Rupture genetics, Sinus of Valsalva diagnostic imaging, Sinus of Valsalva surgery, Aortic Aneurysm complications, Aortic Aneurysm diagnostic imaging, Aortic Aneurysm genetics, Aneurysm, Ruptured complications
- Abstract
Trisomy 13 is a rare chromosomal disorder in which all or a percentage (mosaicism) of cells contain an extra 13th chromosome. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare, with an incidence of 0.1% to 3.5% of all congenital heart defects. This article reports the case of a patient with trisomy 13 with a new systolic murmur found to have a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm diagnosed on coronary computed tomography angiography. This is the first case to report sinus of Valsalva aneurysm rupture secondary to Streptococcus viridans endocarditis in a patient with trisomy 13 syndrome and highlights the importance of coronary computed tomography angiography in noninvasive imaging and surgical planning., (© 2023 by the Texas Heart® Institute, Houston.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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