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1. Perianal tuberculosis presenting as a Fournier's gangrene

Author

Raquel Lalanda, Andreia Barão, Beatriz Draiblate, Ester Malcato, Hélder Matos, José Girão, Rosário Rosa, José Paulo Freire, and Luís Miranda

Subjects
extensive necrotizing fasciitis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Fournier's gangrene, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, perianal tuberculosis, Tuberculosis cutis orificialis, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Key Clinical Message In the setting of Fournier's gangrene, atypical clinical manifestations and complications in an immunocompetent patient warrant consideration of perineal tuberculosis as a potential underlying cause. Abstract Tuberculosis cutis orificialis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects the perianal region. Fournier's gangrene is an aggressive necrotizing fasciitis that primarily involves the perianal area and external genitalia. A previously healthy 38‐year‐old man presented with a left perianal abscess. His condition deteriorated, leading to septic shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. A CT scan displayed extensive necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment included broad‐spectrum antibiotics, numerous surgical perineal debridements, a transverse loop colostomy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We believe the patient had pre‐existing asymptomatic, non‐diagnosed perianal tuberculosis, and a subsequent bacterial superinfection resulted in a perineal local abscess that progressed to severe Fournier's gangrene. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed through positive cultures and molecular identification in perineal biopsies. The patient experienced a complex clinical course with complications such as myocardial necrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, rhabdomyolysis with severe critical illness polyneuromyopathy and internal jugular thrombosis. Fournier's gangrene resulted in air dissection throughout the perineal fasciae, extending to the abdominal wall muscles resulting in an infected extraperitoneal spontaneous hematoma, probably caused by therapeutic anticoagulation. An extraperitoneal surgical drainage was performed. This case emphasizes the complexities in diagnosing and managing both perianal tuberculosis and Fournier's gangrene.

Published
2024
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2. Women in family farming: Evidence from a qualitative study in two Portuguese inner regions

Author

Diana Gomes, Miguel Jesus, Rosário Rosa, Cristina Bandeira, and Cristina Amaro da Costa

Subjects
women farmers, gender equality, feminization, gender division of labor, family farming, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract

The importance of family farming in food systems worldwide is recognized by different international bodies, as well as the leading role played by women and the inequalities they face in this sector of activity. The most recent data from Portugal highlight the importance of this type of agriculture in this Southern European country. In 2019, 68% of the total agricultural workforce in the country was concentrated in family farming, with almost half of them being women. This high permanence of women in agriculture is the result of a long process of feminization on this sector that is similar to other contexts. Despite this strong feminization of family farming, there are few studies that portrait agricultural activity from the women's viewpoint, since the voice of men is always predominant in all references. Based on the exploratory qualitative data from two focus groups, carried out in two Portuguese inner regions, we intend to address the perceptions and meanings of a small group of women farmers regarding their activity, the role taken by them in agriculture and the difficulties they experience. Issues such as changes in agriculture and the sexual division of labor will also be addressed in this article. Within these groups, women work in agriculture is perceived as long, solitary and uncertain. Also, the public/private dichotomy is evident, with decision-making and public places dominated by men. A prevalence of the discourse of “masculinization” still exists with certain tasks being attributed to men (e.g., operations with machinery). Younger women (34 and 40 years old) tend to overcome these gender differences choosing agriculture as a profession and healthy and sustainable life for their families.

Published
2022
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7. GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE OF TWO SOYBEAN LINEAGES IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT

Author

Vanessa Do Rosário Rosa, Allan de Marcos Lapaz, Adinan Alves da Silva, José Domingos Pereira Júnior, Maximiller Dal Bianco, and Cleberson Ribeiro

Subjects
Forestry, Animal Science and Zoology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Agronomy and Crop Science, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Drought stress is a common environmental factor that constrains plants from expressing their ecophysiological potential, disrupting various physiological and biochemical processes. Hence, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and photosynthetic performance under drought in the vegetative phenological stage of soybean in two lineages with potential difference tolerance to this abiotic stress, lineages (‘Vx-08-10819’ and ‘Vx-08-11614’. For this purpose, biometric traits of development, relative water content in leaves, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 4 replications and arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, comprising of two soybean lineages (Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614) in combination with three water availability [100% (control), 60%, and 40% of field capacity]. Relative water content in leaves, total leaf area, and shoot dry weight of lineage Vx-08-10819 were not changed after exposure to drought. Besides that, photosynthetic capacity of lineage Vx-08-10819 was less affected than lineage Vx-08-11614 to drought, showing that this lineage is tolerant to this abiotic stress in at vegetative stage V4. Keywords: chlorophylls; gas exchange; Glycine max (L.) Merr; water relations. Crescimento, desenvolvimento e desempenho fotossintético de duas linhagens de soja em resposta à seca RESUMO: O estresse hídrico é um fator ambiental comum que impede as plantas de expressarem seu potencial ecofisiológico, interrompendo vários processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e o desempenho fotossintético sob seca na fase fenológica vegetativa da soja em duas linhagens com potencial diferença na tolerância a este estresse abiótico, as linhagens Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614. Para tanto, foram avaliadas características biométricas de desenvolvimento, teor relativo de água nas folhas, pigmentos fotossintéticos, trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições e dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto por duas linhagens de soja (Vx-08-10819 e Vx-08-11614) em combinação com três disponibilidades hídricas [100% (controle), 60% e 40% da capacidade de campo]. O conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas, a área foliar total e o peso seco da parte aérea da linhagem Vx-08-10819 não foram alterados após a exposição à seca. Além disso, a capacidade fotossintética da linhagem Vx-08-10819 foi menos afetada do que a linhagem Vx-08-11614 à seca, mostrando que esta linhagem é tolerante à este estresse abiótico no estágio vegetativo V4. Palavras-chave: clorofilas; troca gasosa; Glycine max (L.) Merr; relações hídricas.

Published
2022
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11. Glyphosate hormesis attenuates water deficit stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by modulating physiological and biochemical mediators

Author

Jania Claudia Camilo dos Santos, Dayane Mércia Ribeiro Silva, Deoclecio Jardim Amorim, Vanessa do Rosário Rosa, Anna Luiza Farias dos Santos, Edivaldo Domingues Velini, Caio Antonio Carbonari, Marcelo de Almeida Silva, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Carthamus tinctorius, Glycine, PLANTAS OLEAGINOSAS, Water, Chlorophyll fluorescence components, Oilseed, Hydrogen Peroxide, Pollution, Antioxidants, Hormesis, Low dose, Shikimate, Stress, Physiological, Oxidative stress, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, Environmental Chemistry, Photosynthesis, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Changes in photosynthetic machinery can induce physiological and biochemical damage in plants. Low doses of glyphosate have been shown to exert a positive effect in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in plants. Here, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were studied under conditions of water deficit mediated by the attenuating effect of low-dose glyphosate. The plants were divided into two groups of water regimes in soil, without water deficit (−10 kPa) and with water deficit (−70 kPa), and were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (0, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 18, 36, 72, 180, 360, and 720 g a.e. ha−1). Evident protective responses at the physiological and biochemical levels were obtained after applying low doses of glyphosate to plants under water deficit, with a limiting dose for the occurrence of hormesis (LDS) = 72 g a.e. ha−1. The water deficit in plants resulted in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and consequently lipid peroxidation (LPO) associated with the accumulation of shikimic acid and glyphosate in plants, which triggered an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that act by dismuting the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining, and/or increasing the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical extinction coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical extinction coefficient (NPQ). APX appears to be the main enzyme involved in eliminating H2O2. Low doses of glyphosate act as water deficit ameliorators, allowing the plant to maintain/increase metabolism at physiological and biochemical levels by activating antioxidant enzymes in the dismutation of ROS in safflower plants. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) University of São Paulo (USP) College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Department of Exact Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Protection Center for Advanced Research on Weeds São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Production Laboratory of Ecophysiology Applied to Agriculture (LECA) São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Crop Protection Center for Advanced Research on Weeds CNPq: 305952/2018-8 CNPq: 307208/2020-6

Published
2022

12. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lives of Women with Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds and Victimization Experiences in Portugal

Author

Ana Lúcia Teixeira, Dalila Cerejo, Maria do Rosário Rosa, and Manuel Lisboa

Subjects
COVID-19, pandemic, violence against women, social impact, cultural characteristics, Portugal, Social Sciences
Abstract

The heavy economic, social, and psychological toll of pandemic lockdowns around the world and their disproportionate effect on women are widely acknowledged, but different socioeconomic backgrounds and contexts may influence the degree to which stay-at-home measures impact their lives. Additionally, knowing that violence against women tends to increase during times of crisis, we are testing if the additional burden of victimization represents an added load to the perceived social impacts of the lockdown. Using 2021 survey data from a random sample of 1541 Portuguese women, the paper explores, through logistic regression models, the social impact of the lockdown on the lives of women, its socioeconomic determinants, and the role played by violence against women during the pandemic. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown did not equally affect all facets of women’s social lives, and women with higher education status and that experienced income reductions due to the measures taken to control the pandemic are more prone to experience a more severe negative impact of the lockdown on the various facets of their lives. Additionally, having been a victim during the pandemic partially mediates the effect of education and income reduction on the social outcomes of the lockdown.

Published
2022
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