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Reseña de: González García, Francisco y Ortega del Cerro, Pablo (eds.), Los hogares de los mares. La familia en la España marítima, siglos XVI-XIX, Gijón, Ediciones Trea y Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2024, 354 págs. ISBN: 978-84-19823-71-7.

Recently, based on light microscopy images, the tubercle structure on the seed surface of 100 Silene species was quantitatively described, including tubercle width, height, and curvature associated with general morphometric data. Curvature measures the rate of change of the tangent vector in a curve and can be calculated by the following methods described for Arabidopsis roots. Here, we apply curvature measurements to the SEM images of 40 Silene species from Türkiye, demonstrating that a quantitative analysis of tubercles can be made based on SEM images with similar results to optical photographs. The association of morphometric tubercle data allows for classification into six groups, five of them corresponding to described shapes: rugose (two groups), echinate, mammillate, and papillose, and a sixth group of tubercles plane on top. The curvature values vary between 20 and 200 mm−1 and differ among the morphological tubercle types described. The correlation of curvature values with other general measurements and morphological seed characteristics is investigated. Tubercle quantification not only is a useful tool for Silene taxonomy, but also provides the basis for the analysis of the genetic control and developmental effects on tubercle structure and shape in the seed surface.

The Vitis IMIDRA collection contains 3699 entries, representing a significant percentage of the variation in traditional and commercial Vitis cultivars used in Spain. The classification and identification of new entries are currently conducted based on ampelography and molecular methods. Here, we propose a new method of classification of the cultivars based on seed morphology and its application to a total of 224 varieties from the collection. Based on seed shape, fourteen groups have been defined according to the similarity of the seeds, with geometric figures used as models. The new models are Cariñena Blanca, Chardonnay, Parraleta, and Parduca, defining new groups to be added to the ten groups previously described. The study results in 14 groups comprising the Spanish cultivar’s seed shape and morphological variation. Seed morphology can help to identify varieties cultivated in the past through archaeological finds.

Introducción: el Análisis de la Situación de Salud es un instrumento científico metodológico que tiene como propósito identificar características sociopsicológicas, económicas, históricas, geográficas, culturales y ambientales que inciden en el proceso salud-enfermedad de un área de salud. Objetivo: describir el análisis de la situación de salud del consultorio médico # 12 perteneciente al Policlínico “Docente de Playa” en el periodo de enero a abril de 2023. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 12 del Policlínico “Docente de Playa”, en el período de enero- abril de 2023. El universo quedó constituido por 1257 habitantes, se trabajó con una muestra de 320. La información se recolectó utilizando como fuentes la observación, entrevistas, consultas a las fichas familiares y visitas al consultorio. Los resultados se expresaron en tablas y gráficos para su mejor comprensión. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (57,5 %) así como el grupo etario de 65 años y más (21,25 %). El grupo dispensarial III fue superior con un 41,87 %. Prevalecieron las enfermedades crónicas hipertensión arterial (20,93 %) y asma bronquial (14,06 %), así como los factores de riesgo tabaquismo y sedentarismo con 36,95 % y 11,83 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: la realización adecuada del análisis de la situación de salud facilita la identificación y la toma de conducta sobre los principales problemas de salud de la población. Esto repercute de forma efectiva en la sociedad, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de los programas e indicadores de salud.

The Cucurbitaceae is a monophyletic family with close to 1000 species of climbers, including important agronomic species and varieties characterized by tendrils and pepo fruits. The seed’s morphology is varied, and the development and structure of the seed coat have been described in detail on some species. Overall description of the seed shape is based on terms comparing it with geometric figures, but quantitative methods are lacking in the literature. Here we apply a general morphological analysis to seeds of representative genera of the Cucurbitaceae, followed by curvature analysis in the poles and symmetry analysis. These methods are useful for the quantitative description of seed shape and the comparison between species and varieties. Differences between species were found for most morphological measurements, as well as for symmetry and curvature values. The comparison between three species of Cucumis (Cucumis sativus, C. myriocarpus and C. melo) and two varieties of C. melo reveals differences between species and varieties both in curvature and symmetry. The results obtained from both methods, curvature and symmetry analysis, form similar groupings in a cluster analysis. The methods described here were applied for the identification of agronomic varieties and the quantitative description of seed shape in taxonomy.

IntroductionPlants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes. One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in plant evolution and result in phenotypic differences in different plant organs. In Silene, we can find both examples in nature, and this genus has a seed shape diversity that has long been recognized as a valuable source of information for infrageneric classification.MethodsMorphometric analysis is a statistical study of shape and size and their covariations with other variables. Traditionally, seed shape description was limited to an approximate comparison with geometric figures (rounded, globular, reniform, or heart-shaped). Seed shape quantification has been based on direct measurements, such as area, perimeter, length, and width, narrowing statistical analysis. We used seed images and processed them to obtain silhouettes. We performed geometric morphometric analyses, such as similarity to geometric models and elliptic Fourier analysis, to study the hybrid offspring of S. latifolia and S. dioica.ResultsWe generated synthetic tetraploids of Silene latifolia and performed controlled crosses between diploid S. latifolia and Silene dioica to analyze seed morphology. After imaging capture and post-processing, statistical analysis revealed differences in seed size, but not in shape, between S. latifolia diploids and tetraploids, as well as some differences in shape among the parentals and hybrids. A detailed inspection using fluorescence microscopy allowed for the identification of shape differences in the cells of the seed coat. In the case of hybrids, differences were found in circularity and solidity. Overal seed shape is maternally regulated for both species, whereas cell shape cannot be associated with any of the sexes.DiscussionOur results provide additional tools useful for the combination of morphology with genetics, ecology or taxonomy. Seed shape is a robust indicator that can be used as a complementary tool for the genetic and phylogenetic analyses of Silene hybrid populations.

The seeds of many species in the order Caryophyllales exhibit surface protuberances called tubercles. While tubercle shape and distribution have often been proposed as taxonomic criteria, paradoxically, their description has primarily relied on adjectives, with quantitative data on tubercle width, height, and other measurements lacking in the literature. Recently, a quantitative analysis of seed surface tubercles based on tubercle width, height, and curvature values (maximum and average curvature, and maximum to average curvature ratio) was proposed and applied to individual populations of a total of 31 species, with 12 belonging to Silene subg. Behenantha and 19 to S. subg. Silene. Tubercles were classified into two categories: echinate and rugose. Echinate tubercles exhibited higher values of height and curvature, and lower width, and were more prevalent in species of S. subg. Behenantha, while the rugose type was more abundant in S. subg. Silene. This work explored infraspecific differences in tubercle size and shape. For this, measurements of tubercle width, height and curvature were applied to 31 populations of eight species of Silene. Significant differences between populations were observed for most of the species examined. A particular tubercle type, previously described as umbonate or mammillate, was identified in S. nocturna seeds, characterized by high curvature values.

Introducción: El ECOE es una herramienta de evaluación de competencias clínicas prácticas en Fisioterapia, hasta ahora no empleada para examinar las habilidades de los especialistas en Terapia Manual Ortopédica. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la competencia a través de las calificaciones, la satisfacción y el desempeño percibido de los estudiantes del Máster de Terapia Manual Ortopédica en el Tratamiento del Dolor de la Universidad Europea de Canarias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en una muestra de estudiantes de posgrado (n=21, M=10, V=11, 24,61 años) entre el 1 de febrero y el 31 de julio de 2023 en el Hospital Simulado de la Universidad Europea de Canarias (Tenerife, España). Resultados: Las calificaciones obtenidas por los participantes fueron mayoritariamente altas (media = 8,54 /10, DT= 0.612), aunque en Anatomía e interpretación de pruebas complementarias registraron los resultados más bajos. El 95,1% (n=20) expresó una alta satisfacción con el ECOE. Respecto a la interpretación de pruebas complementarias, un 19,1% (n=4) consideró su desempeño como deficiente y un 4,8% (n=1) muy deficiente. Conclusión: En síntesis, a pesar de las calificaciones más bajas en ciertas áreas, los resultados de la evaluación de competencias clínicas prácticas a través del ECOE son positivos. Además, se observa un elevado grado de satisfacción y percepción positiva del desempeño por parte del especialista.

Seed morphological description is traditionally based on adjectives, which originated from the comparison with other shapes, including geometric figures. Nevertheless, descriptions based on this feature are not quantitative and measurements giving the percentage of similarity of seeds with reference figures are not available in the literature. Lateral views of Silene seeds resemble the cardioid and cardioid-derived figures. Dorsal views, nonetheless, resemble ellipses and derivatives, allowing seed shape quantification by comparison with defined geometric figures. In this work, we apply already-described models as well as new models to the morphological analysis of 51 Silene species. Our data revealed the existence of a link between lateral and dorsal models. Lateral models closed in the hilum region (models LM2 and LM4) were associated with those convex models of the dorsal seed views (DM1-DM4, DM10). Lateral models more open around the hilum region adjusted to seeds characterized as dorso canaliculata type better, i.e., to those geometric models with partial concavities in their dorsal views. The relationship between lateral and dorsal models, as well as between the models to their utility in taxonomy, is discussed.

Seed shape descriptions of species of Vitis have traditionally been based on adjectives comparing overall shape with geometric figures, such as oval, elongated oval, and pear-shaped, corresponding to higher values of the Stummer index (lower aspect ratio) for oval, and lower values of the Stummer index for pear shape (or elongated seeds, with a higher aspect ratio). Analytical, quantitative descriptions of shape have recently been applied to diverse genera of Vitaceae and cultivated varieties of Vitis. Here, we present the application of three quantitative methods to the seed shape description of ten species of the genus Vitis and three species of related genera (Ampelopsis, Cissus and Parthenocissus). First, general seed shape was described through comparisons using geometric models. For this, the average silhouettes of representative seed populations were used as models for shape quantification. Two additional quantitative methods were based on the measurement of bilateral symmetry and curvature analysis in the apex. Quantitative methods for shape description based on similarity with the models give an accurate account of the relationships between Vitis species. The resulting dendrogram is like the dendrogram obtained from a combined analysis using the data from general measurements and curvature and symmetry analyses. The original methods presented here for seed morphology are useful for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between species of Vitis.