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Limited chest expansion and asymmetry in the respiratory muscles after a stroke lead to poor ventilation and reduced physical performance.To determine the effect of chest expansion resistance exercise and respiratory muscle stretching on respiratory function and gait endurance in patients with stroke.Thirty stroke patients were randomly assigned to a chest expansion resistance group (CERG), a respiratory muscle stretching group (RMSG), and a control group (CG). CERG and RMSG received chest expansion resistance and respiratory muscle stretching, respectively, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, and gait endurance were measured before and after the intervention period.The experimental groups, CERG and RMSG, showed significant improvements in respiratory function variables (p < .05). For respiratory muscle strength variables, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in the CERG and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in the RMSG showed significant changes compared to the CG (p < .05). Both CERG and RMSG also showed significant improvements in the 6MWT compared to the CG (p < .05).Chest expansion resistance exercise would be a more effective method, while both chest expansion resistance exercise and respiratory muscle stretching are helpful in improving respiratory function and gait endurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate mid- to long-term radiological and respiratory outcomes in patients aged 7–11 years at index surgery with Marfan syndrome and early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in a retrospective multicenter study. Primary outcomes were final thoracic height and final percentage of predicted vital capacity (%VC) at or after 16 years of age. We identified 21 (6 male and 15 female) patients with a mean age of 9.9 years and mean follow-up period of 149.3 months. Fifteen patients underwent primary fusion, whereas six underwent growth-friendly surgery (GFS). The mean preoperative and final T1–T12 heights were 204.0 mm and 248.0 mm, respectively. Final pulmonary function tests were available for 16 patients, and the mean final %VC was 54.0% with 10 patients exhibiting a final %VC < 60%. A significant moderate association was observed between the final T1–T12 height and final %VC. The predicted final T1–T12 height required for a final %VC of 60% was approximately 260 mm. Although most older patients with Marfan syndrome and EOS acquired a considerably large final T1–T12 height, a larger thoracic height was required for satisfactory respiratory function in many cases; hence, GFS may be indicated even in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Poor respiratory function, including low peak expiratory flow (PEF), is a risk factor for dementia. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints. However, the association between PEF and MCR remains unclear. This study examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between PEF and MCR.The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), which is a nationally representative cohort of adults ≥65 years of age in the United States, was analyzed from 2011 to 2017. Logistic regression and discrete‐time proportional hazards models tested the association of PEF standardized residuals (SR) at baseline with prevalent and incident MCR, respectively. The models adjusted for multiple sociodemographic and health‐related covariates.Among 5328 participants (57% women) included at baseline, lower PEF SR was associated with higher prevalence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher odds of prevalent MCR (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.85, 5.01]; OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.19, 3.54], respectively). Over six years of follow‐up, lower PEF SR was also associated with higher incidence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher risk of incident MCR (HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.24, 2.66]; HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.02, 2.34], respectively).Lower PEF was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of MCR. Poor respiratory function should be further investigated as a potentially modifiable risk factor for MCR and cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Respiratory impairment is present in up to one-third-of patients with dysferlinopathy. • Spirometry is the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory impairment but is not always easily accessible. • The performance of upper limb (PUL) module is a clinical scale developed for patients with NMD to test upper extremity function. • There is a significant relationship between the PUL entry item and FVC in male and female patients with dysferlinopathy. • Where spirometry equipment is not available, the PUL entry item can be used to identify patients with dysferlinopathy in whom comprehensive respiratory testing is warranted. Dysferlin-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD R2), also referred to as dysferlinopathy, can be associated with respiratory muscle weakness as the disease progresses. Clinical practice guidelines recommend biennial lung function assessments in patients with dysferlinopathy to screen for respiratory impairment. However, lack of universal access to spirometry equipment and trained specialists makes regular monitoring challenging. This study investigated the use of the Performance of Upper Limb (PUL) clinical scale entry item as a low-cost screening tool to identify patients with dysferlinopathy at risk of respiratory impairment. Using data from 193 patients from the Jain Foundation's International Clinical Outcomes Study, modelling identified a significant positive relationship between the PUL entry item and forced vital capacity (FVC). Eighty-eight percent of patients with the lowest PUL entry item score of 1 presented with FVC % predicted values of <60 %, suggestive of respiratory impairment. By contrast, only 10 % of the remainder of the cohort (PUL entry item of 2 or more) had an FVC of <60 %. This relationship also held true when accounting for ambulatory status, age, and sex as possible confounding factors. In summary, our results suggest that the PUL entry item could be implemented in clinical practice to screen for respiratory impairment where spirometry is not readily available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of hypopressive exercise (HE) on dynamic balance have never been studied. We aimed to study the effects of a HE program on dynamic balance, posterior chain kinematics and expiratory peak flow on female competitive roller skaters over a 6-week training period. Twenty competitive female roller-skaters (13-22 years of age, SD 2.25) performed a 30-minute HE session once weekly before the regular roller-skating practice for 6 weeks. The HE program consisted of breathing and postural awareness exercises in addition to 5 basic HE poses performed three times each. Dynamic neuromuscular control was assessed with the Y-Balance Test (YBT), posterior back chain kinematics with the sit and reach test and peak expiratory flow rate with a digital spirometer. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the measurement periods for all YBT leg directions and composite score (p ≤ 0.01). Significant differences were also revealed between baseline and after the intervention for the sit and reach test (p ≤ 0.01) and peak expiratory flow (p = 0.01). No differences in forced expiratory volume in the first second were found (p = 0.04). These preliminary findings suggest that a 6-week HE program could be a feasible neuromuscular option for training dynamic balance, posterior back chain kinematics and peak expiratory flow in female roller-skaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This research aimed to examine the connection between indoor air quality and respiratory function in preschool children, a topic that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been explored before. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within the geographical location of the Ministry of Education of Jeddah. Four hundred preschool-aged children (4–6 years old) from four preschools were enrolled. Structured questionnaires and peak flow meter (PFM) were used to assess the overall health and pulmonary function of the participants. An air detector for formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compound, and fine particulate dust matter and a carbon dioxide (CO2 ) detector with temperature and humidity monitors were used to measure the air pollutants. Results: A significant difference was observed in PFM measurement between the four preschools (P = 0.017). The highest PFM green zone value was identified in the North preschool (n = 32, 54.2%), and the lowest value was identified in the Central preschool (n = 21, 33.3%). Regarding the red zone, the highest value was observed in the Central preschool (n = 14, 22.2%) and the lowest in the North preschool (n = 1, 1.7%). PFM measurement in the green zone showed lower CO2 levels (P = 0.014) and temperature (P = 0.04) than those in the yellow and red zones. Conclusion: Children schooling in adequate ventilation environments had better respiratory function than those in inadequate environmental ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease characterized by the progression of respiratory disorders, especially in adult patients. The purpose of the study was to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as predictors of respiratory dysfunction, chronic respiratory infections of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, and VOCs associated with severe genotype and highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT). Exhaled breath samples from 102 adults with CF were analyzed using PTR-TOF-MS, obtained during a forced expiratory maneuver and normal quiet breathing. Using cross-validation and building gradient boosting classifiers (XGBoost), the importance of VOCs for functional and clinical outcomes was determined. The presence of the previously identified VOCs indole, phenol, and dimethyl sulfide were metabolic outcomes associated with impaired respiratory function. New VOCs associated with respiratory disorders were methyl acetate, carbamic acid, 1,3-Pentadiene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene; VOCs associated with the above mentioned respiratory pathogens were non-differentiable nitrogen-containing organic compounds m/z = 47.041 (CH5NO)+ and m/z = 44.044 (C2H5NH+), hydrocarbons (cyclopropane, propene) and methanethiol; and VOCs associated with severe CFTR genotype were non-differentiable VOC m/z = 281.053. No significant features associated with the use of HEMT were identified. Early non-invasive determination of VOCs as biomarkers of the severity of CF and specific pathogenic respiratory flora could make it possible to prescribe adequate therapy and assess the prognosis of the disease. However, further larger standardized studies are needed for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim Respiratory function in women aged 45-50 often declines due to natural physiological changes associated with aging. These changes include reduced lung elasticity, decreased diaphragm efficiency, and a general reduction in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a combined yoga and Pilates program on respiratory function in women aged 45-50. Material and Methods The study involved 38 women with an average age of 47.7 ± 2.5 years. A pedagogical experiment was conducted over six months. The experimental group (n=19) participated in a training regimen focused on improving respiratory function through a combination of yoga and Pilates. The control group (n=19) followed a yoga-based training program. Both groups completed an equal number of sessions--72 in total. The external respiratory function of the participants was assessed using spirometry at two key points: at the beginning of the study and after six months. Results The comparison of respiratory function indicators between the experimental and control groups after 6 months of training revealed significant differences across most parameters. The actual value of Vital Capacity was significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the control group by 0.17 L (p < 0.01), forced vital capacity by 0.30 L (p < 0.01), forced expiratory volume by 0.19 L (p < 0.01), peak expiratory flow by 0.23 L/sec (p < 0.01), maximum expiratory flow at 25% of Forced Vital Capacity by 0.96 L/sec (p < 0.001), maximum expiratory flow at 50% of Forced Vital Capacity by 0.59 L/sec (p < 0.001), expiratory reserve volume by 0.47 L (p < 0.001), and maximal voluntary ventilation by 17.00 L/min (p < 0.001). Conclusions The combined Yoga and Pilates training regimen was more effective in improving external respiratory function than Yoga alone. This result highlights the benefits of an integrated approach to respiratory health for women aged 45-50. The study demonstrates the potential advantages of combining different types of exercise to counteract age-related declines in respiratory function. Such programs could play a significant role in promoting overall well-being in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma (EC) is known to lead to deterioration of respiratory function (RF) due to thoracotomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of transmediastinal esophagectomy (TME) on pulmonary function. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 patients with EC who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) or TME and underwent RF tests within three months postoperatively at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 2014 and 2022. Perioperative pulmonary functions were evaluated based on vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0). Results: Among 102 patients undergoing esophagectomy, 12 (11.8%) patients were included in the TTE group, and the remaining 90 (88.2%) patients were included in the TME group. Neoadjuvant treatments were significantly more common in the TTE group (p=0.011), with more advanced tumor stages (p=0.017). The TME group had significantly lower estimated blood loss (p=0.015). RF after esophagectomy showed a decrease in VC, and VC of predicted (%VC). The decrease rate in VC, %VC, and FEV1.0 was significantly greater in the TTE group than in the TME group. Conclusion: TME is a surgical procedure with a less severe postoperative decline in RF than TTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study Aim. Respiratory function in women aged 45-50 often declines due to natural physiological changes associated with aging. These changes include reduced lung elasticity, decreased diaphragm efficiency, and a general reduction in physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a combined yoga and Pilates program on respiratory function in women aged 45-50. Material and Methods. The study involved 38 women with an average age of 47.7 ± 2.5 years. A pedagogical experiment was conducted over six months. The experimental group (n=19) participated in a training regimen focused on improving respiratory function through a combination of yoga and Pilates. The control group (n=19) followed a yoga-based training program. Both groups completed an equal number of sessions—72 in total. The external respiratory function of the participants was assessed using spirometry at two key points: at the beginning of the study and after six months. Results. The comparison of respiratory function indicators between the experimental and control groups after 6 months of training revealed significant differences across most parameters. The actual value of Vital Capacity was significantly greater in the experimental group compared to the control group by 0.17 L (p < 0.01), forced vital capacity by 0.30 L (p < 0.01), forced expiratory volume by 0.19 L (p < 0.01), peak expiratory flow by 0.23 L/sec (p < 0.01), maximum expiratory flow at 25% of Forced Vital Capacity by 0.96 L/sec (p < 0.001), maximum expiratory flow at 50% of Forced Vital Capacity by 0.59 L/sec (p < 0.001), expiratory reserve volume by 0.47 L (p < 0.001), and maximal voluntary ventilation by 17.00 L/min (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The combined Yoga and Pilates training regimen was more effective in improving external respiratory function than Yoga alone. This result highlights the benefits of an integrated approach to respiratory health for women aged 45-50. The study demonstrates the potential advantages of combining different types of exercise to counteract age-related declines in respiratory function. Such programs could play a significant role in promoting overall well-being in this age group.

Abstract This study aimed to elucidate mid- to long-term radiological and respiratory outcomes in patients aged 7–11 years at index surgery with Marfan syndrome and early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in a retrospective multicenter study. Primary outcomes were final thoracic height and final percentage of predicted vital capacity (%VC) at or after 16 years of age. We identified 21 (6 male and 15 female) patients with a mean age of 9.9 years and mean follow-up period of 149.3 months. Fifteen patients underwent primary fusion, whereas six underwent growth-friendly surgery (GFS). The mean preoperative and final T1–T12 heights were 204.0 mm and 248.0 mm, respectively. Final pulmonary function tests were available for 16 patients, and the mean final %VC was 54.0% with 10 patients exhibiting a final %VC

Objective To explore the optimal parameters for detecting mitochondrial respiratory function (MRF) in apheresis platelets (AP) using real-time energy metabolism detection technology, and to study the change of MRF in AP during storage. Methods AP samples were collected and detected for MRF using the Seahorse XF device. Multiple parameters such as AP loading concentrations, washing conditions and mitochondrial respiratory regulatory drug concentrations were adjusted. Finally, the MRF in AP stored for 1 and 5 days were studied. Results The optimal parameters for detecting MRF in AP were as follows: The loading concentration was 5×107/100 μL and basal respiration was 316±65; Basal respiration in washing group was 329±120 compared with 57±7 in unwashing group; The concentration of FCCP was 2 μmol/L. The basal respiration in AP for 1 day was 683±161, while was 140±23 for 5 days, P

Abstract Tongue brushing improves respiratory function in older adults. Considering connection between the respiratory-related and suprahyoid muscles, this study aimed to investigate whether tongue-brushing interventions can improve myoelectric activity during respiration. A six-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in Kitakyushu, Japan, with 50 participants aged ≥ 65 years. The participants were allocated to the intervention (tongue brushing with routine oral hygiene) or control (routine oral hygiene alone) groups. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to assess the myoelectric activity of the suprahyoid muscles during inhalation, exhalation, and forced vital capacity (FVC). A survey was conducted at baseline and the end of the follow-up period. Thirty-six participants were recruited for the analysis. The root mean squares (RMS) of sEMG during exhalation increased significantly at the end of the follow-up period compared with that at baseline in the intervention group [48.7 (18.0–177.5) vs. 64.9 (21.6–163.0), p = 0.001], but not in the control group. The generalized linear model revealed that the ratio of change in FVC was correlated with the change in the RMS of sEMG of the suprahyoid muscles during exhalation after adjusting for potential confounders. Tongue brushing enhances the myoelectric activity of the suprahyoid muscle.

Background: The prediction of postoperative functional status in non-small cell lung cancer patients based on preoperative assessment of physical and respiratory capacity is inadequate based on recent RCTs. Material and methods: Prospectively collected spirometry data and the six-minute walk test results of 57 patients treated with lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. The tests were performed before surgery, and 30 and 90 days after lobectomy. All patients underwent a respiratory functional and physical capacity assessment. Results: All 57 patients underwent lobectomy. Before surgery, mean FEV1 was 2.4 ± 0.7 L, corresponding to %FEV1 of 88.3 ± 17.3%. The mean absolute and expected 6MWT distance was 548 ± 74.6 m and 108.9 ± 14.5%, respectively. At the first postoperative evaluation 30 days after surgery, FEV1 and %FEV1 decreased significantly by an average of 0.5 ± 0.3 L and 15.1 ± 10.7%, while 6MWT and expected 6MWT decreased minimally by an average of 1.0 m and 0.8%, respectively. Three months after lobectomy, FEV1 and %FEV1, compared with the initial assessment, decreased by an average of 0.3 ± 0.3 l and 7.8 ± 10.0%, while 6MWT and its expected score increased to 564.6 ± 84.6 m and 112.8 ± 15.8%, respectively. Conclusions: After lobectomy, FEV1 decreased slightly and less than expected, while 6MWT increased proportionally compared to the preoperative evaluation.

Abstract Background Dyspnea is considered a silent threat to people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease and may be a common concern in patients, however, little is known about how it affects quality of life. This study explored the experiences of independently mobile people who are affected by dyspnea in daily life. Methodology This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study that included an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The participants were included if they were diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease; had a self-reported Hoehn and Yahr Score I, II or III; were mobilizing independently; and were Arabic speakers. Participants were excluded if they had any other musculoskeletal, cardiac, respiratory, or neurological diseases; or were previous or current smokers; or had been previously hospitalized due to respiratory complications. Results A total of 117 participants completed the Arabic version of the Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire. Dyspnea was reported in all participants and that it had an adverse effect on their quality of life, especially during activities of daily living. Additionally, participants reported a lack of knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation and were unaware of the availability and potential benefits of participation in programs. Conclusion Dyspnea was reported in people in the early stages (Hoehn and Yahr Stages I, II, and III) of Parkinson’s disease, and may benefit from routine assessment of lung function, dyspnea management and participation in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Background. Optimal respiratory function and cardiovascular endurance are integral to overall health and athletic performance. Yogic interventions have emerged as potential strategies to enhance physiological and physical parameters. These metrics not only unlock the human body’s potential but also play a vital role in increasing sports performance. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured yogic regimen in improving respiratory function and cardiovascular endurance in young male adults, shedding light on yoga’s role as a complementary approach to physical fitness enhancement. Materials and methods. Forty (N=40) male undergraduate university students (aged 18 to 25 years) were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) and control group (n=20). The experimental investigation centered on vital capacity (VC), both positive and negative breath holding times (PBHT and NBHT), peak flow rate (PFR), and cardiovascular endurance (CVE). Using an analytical research approach, a randomized pre-test-post-test-controlled group design was implemented. The experimental group engaged in daily yoga sessions supervised by certified instructors, incorporating various asanas, pranayama techniques, and meditation, while the control group maintained their regular lifestyle. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of respiratory parameters and cardiovascular endurance were conducted using standardized tests. Statistical analyses, including Levene’s test for normality, and paired t-tests for intra-group comparisons, were performed using SPSS software (IBM, version 25, Chicago). The experiment lasted for six weeks, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Results. The paired t-test analyses demonstrated significant improvements in VC t(19) = 4.96, and p

Abstract Objective This comparative analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of Sivelestat Sodium Hydrate (SSH) combined with Ulinastatin (UTI) in the treatment of sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods A control group and an observation group were formed with eighty-four cases of patients with sepsis with ARDS, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was intravenously injected with UTI based on conventional treatment, and the observation group was injected with SSH based on the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 7 days, and the treatment outcomes and efficacy of both groups were observed. The Murray Lung Injury Score (MLIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were compared. Changes in respiratory function, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indicators were assessed. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions was recorded. Results The total effective rate in the observation group (95.24%) was higher than that in the control group (80.95%) (P 0.05). MLIS, SOFA, and APACHE II scores in the observation group were lower than the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion The combination of SSH plus UTI improves lung injury and pulmonary ventilation function, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with sepsis and ARDS.

Background There is a close association between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and stroke. The coexistence of the two diseases not only affects the rehabilitation process of patients, prolongs their hospitalization time, but also may increase the risk of death. At present, there is still a lack of clinical research on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) combined with respiratory training for stroke patients with OSAHS. Objective To examine the impact of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) in conjunction with CPAP on sleep status, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength in stroke patients with OSAHS. Methods Sixty-nine patients with stroke and OSAHS who met the enrollment criteria were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2022 to August 2023. The patients were divided into experimental group (n=35) and control group (n=34) by random number table method. The control group received CPAP and conventional treatment, and the experimental group received TIMT on this basis for 6 weeks. The sleep status, lung function and respiratory muscle function of the two groups were compared before and after intervention. Results Six weeks after the intervention, the mean blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), proportion of deep sleep (proportion of N3 sleep in total sleep time), minimum arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second rate (FEV1/FVC), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) were all higher than those before intervention in the 2 groups (P

Tongue brushing improves respiratory function in older adults. Considering connection between the respiratory-related and suprahyoid muscles, this study aimed to investigate whether tongue-brushing interventions can improve myoelectric activity during respiration. A six-week randomized controlled trial was conducted in Kitakyushu, Japan, with 50 participants aged ≥ 65 years. The participants were allocated to the intervention (tongue brushing with routine oral hygiene) or control (routine oral hygiene alone) groups. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to assess the myoelectric activity of the suprahyoid muscles during inhalation, exhalation, and forced vital capacity (FVC). A survey was conducted at baseline and the end of the follow-up period. Thirty-six participants were recruited for the analysis. The root mean squares (RMS) of sEMG during exhalation increased significantly at the end of the follow-up period compared with that at baseline in the intervention group [48.7 (18.0–177.5) vs. 64.9 (21.6–163.0), p = 0.001], but not in the control group. The generalized linear model revealed that the ratio of change in FVC was correlated with the change in the RMS of sEMG of the suprahyoid muscles during exhalation after adjusting for potential confounders. Tongue brushing enhances the myoelectric activity of the suprahyoid muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role of inflammation and oxidative stress, hallmarks of COVID-19, in accelerating cellular biological aging. We investigated early molecular markers—DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) and telomere length (TL)—in blood leukocytes, nasal cells (NCs), and induced sputum (IS) one year post-infection in pauci- and asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) infected during the first pandemic wave (February–May 2020), compared to COPD patients, model for "aged lung". Data from questionnaires, Work Ability Index (WAI), blood analyses, autonomic cardiac balance assessments, heart rate variability (HRV), and pulmonary function tests were collected. Elevated leukocyte DNAmAge significantly correlated with advancing age, male sex, daytime work, and an aged phenotype characterized by chronic diseases, elevated LDL and glycemia levels, medications affecting HRV, and declines in lung function, WAI, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and HRV (p < 0.05). Increasing age, LDL levels, job positions involving intensive patient contact, and higher leukocyte counts collectively contributed to shortened leukocyte TL (p < 0.05). Notably, HCWs exhibited accelerated biological aging in IS cells compared to both blood leukocytes (p ≤ 0.05) and NCs (p < 0.001) and were biologically older than COPD patients (p < 0.05). These findings suggest the need to monitor aging in pauci- and asymptomatic COVID-19 survivors, who represent the majority of the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral benign lung tumors are often asymptomatic and incidentally detected on chest radiographs. Surgical intervention is recommended when feasible. Single-port thoracoscopic resection has emerged as a promising technique for treating various chest diseases, including lung tumors. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of single-port thoracoscopic resection for benign lung tumors and its impact on respiratory function and inflammatory factors. A total of 128 eligible patients diagnosed with benign lung tumors were randomly assigned to either the observation group (undergoing single-port thoracoscopic resection) or the control group (undergoing conventional thoracic surgery). Surgical outcomes, complications, pulmonary and respiratory function, and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups. The observation group showed significantly lower intraoperative bleeding, shorter hospitalization time, and lower complication rates compared to the control group. Patients in the observation group exhibited higher vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and total lung capacity (TLC) levels at 1/2 week and 1 month after surgery. Additionally, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum ventilation volume per minute (MVV) levels were higher in the observation group post-surgery, with a lower Borg score. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), precalcitonin (PCT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were lower in the observation group postsurgery. Single-port thoracoscopic resection demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy for treating benign lung tumors, reducing bleeding, and shortening hospital stays. Furthermore, it improves lung and respiratory function while reducing inflammatory factors. This technique is safe, effective, and holds promise for wider application in managing benign lung tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The diagnosis of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) using computed tomography (CT) is an important medical practice in respiratory care, and most imaging findings for this disease have been obtained with inspiratory CT. It is possible that some characteristic changes in respiration may be seen in normal and diseased lung in PF-ILD, which may lead to a new understanding of the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia, but it has never been examined. In this study, we collected and selected inspiratory and expiratory CT scans performed in pure PF-ILD cases, and evaluated the volumes of diseased and normal lung separately by manual detection and 3-dimensional volumetry to characterize the dynamic features of PF-ILD. Materials and methods: Cases were collected retrospectively from a total of 753 inspiratory and expiratory CT scans performed at our hospital over a 3-year period. Sixteen cases of pure PF-ILD, excluding almost all other diseases, were included. We measured their diseased, normal, and the whole lung volumes manually and evaluated the correlation of their values and their relationship with respiratory function tests (FVC, FVC%-predicted, and DLCO%-predicted). Results: The relative expansion rate of the diseased lung is no less than that of the normal lung. The "Expansion volume of total lung" divided by the "Expansion volume of normal lung" was found to be significantly associated with DLCO%-predicted abnormalities (p = 0.0073). Conclusion: The diseased lung in PF-ILD retained expansion capacity comparable to the normal lung, suggesting a negative impact on respiratory function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory dysfunction is an important hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Elevation of creatine kinase (CK) has been reported in 23–75% of ALS patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This work aims to enlighten the role of CK as a prognostic factor of respiratory dysfunction in ALS. A retrospective analysis of demographic and clinical variables, CK, functional decline per month (ΔFS), forced vital capacity (%FVC), and mean amplitude of the phrenic nerve compound motor action potential (pCMAP) in 319 ALS patients was conducted. These measurements were evaluated at study entry, and patients were followed from the moment of first observation until death or last follow-up visit. High CK values were defined as above the 90th percentile (CK ≥ P90) adjusted to sex. We analyzed survival and time to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as proxies for respiratory impairment. Linear regression analysis revealed that high CK was associated with male sex (p < 0.001), spinal onset (p = 0.018), and FVC ≥ 80% (p = 0.038). CK was 23.4% higher in spinal-onset ALS patients (p < 0.001). High CK levels were not linked with an increased risk of death (p = 0.334) in Cox multivariate regression analysis. CK ≥ P90 (HR = 1.001, p = 0.038), shorter disease duration (HR = 0.937, p < 0.001), lower pCMAP (HR = 0.082, p < 0.001), and higher ΔFS (HR = 1.968, p < 0.001) were risk factors for respiratory failure. The association between high CK levels and poorer respiratory outcomes could derive from cellular metabolic stress or a specific phenotype associated with faster respiratory decline. Our study suggests that CK measurement at diagnosis should be more extensively investigated as a possible marker of poor respiratory outcome in future studies, including a larger population of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prediction of postoperative functional status in non-small cell lung cancer patients based on preoperative assessment of physical and respiratory capacity is inadequate based on recent RCTs. Material and methods: Prospectively collected spirometry data and the six-minute walk test results of 57 patients treated with lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. The tests were performed before surgery, and 30 and 90 days after lobectomy. All patients underwent a respiratory functional and physical capacity assessment. Results: All 57 patients underwent lobectomy. Before surgery, mean FEV1 was 2.4 ± 0.7 L, corresponding to %FEV1 of 88.3 ± 17.3%. The mean absolute and expected 6MWT distance was 548 ± 74.6 m and 108.9 ± 14.5%, respectively. At the first postoperative evaluation 30 days after surgery, FEV1 and %FEV1 decreased significantly by an average of 0.5 ± 0.3 L and 15.1 ± 10.7%, while 6MWT and expected 6MWT decreased minimally by an average of 1.0 m and 0.8%, respectively. Three months after lobectomy, FEV1 and %FEV1, compared with the initial assessment, decreased by an average of 0.3 ± 0.3 l and 7.8 ± 10.0%, while 6MWT and its expected score increased to 564.6 ± 84.6 m and 112.8 ± 15.8%, respectively. Conclusions: After lobectomy, FEV1 decreased slightly and less than expected, while 6MWT increased proportionally compared to the preoperative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of gas exchange under varying ambient and metabolic conditions is an important and fundamental investigation of respiratory function. The gold standard is an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample; however, the procedure is not universally performed by medical scientists, is not standardised, and is typically taught by a subjective Halsted 'see one, do one' approach. The Australian and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science recognised the need to create an ABG position statement that includes the required pre‐requisite education, an evidence‐based procedure and the minimum reporting and competency assessment requirements. This position statement aims to minimise patient discomfort, to improve puncture success rate and reduce the potential for sample handling and analysis error. Importantly, this position statement translates to all relevant health professionals, including medical officers, scientists, nursing staff and allied health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Variations in thoracic spine morphology exist across human populations; however, comparative studies evaluating detailed metrics are limited, preventing establishment of definitive population patterns and clinical norms. This study analyzed thoracic vertebral body dimensions across three global population groups to quantify anatomical differences and explored correlations with respiratory disease. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 360 age-matched subjects of Kashmiri Muslims, Kashmiri Pandits and Dogras, and Ladakhi (n=120 each) were analyzed. Several linear vertebral body dimensions were measured at T1-T12 levels. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's tests compared groups. Pearson's correlations evaluated associations between selection metrics and pulmonary function test results. Results: Kashmiri Muslims demonstrated smaller anterior and mid-vertebral heights at upper thoracic (T1-T6) levels versus other cohorts (p<0.05). Kashmiri Pandits and Dogras exhibited greater vertebral width at T3-T8 than Ladakhi (p<0.01). Vertebral height/depth ratios at T3 and T9 negatively correlated with forced vital capacity across groups (p<0.05, r=-0.23 and -0.18). Conclusion: Morphometric variation exists in thoracic vertebral bodies between major population groups, which correlate with respiratory differences. Establishing normal ranges by ancestry has implications for clinical interpretation in various pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Assessing rehabilitation effectiveness for persistent symptoms post-infection with emerging viral respiratory diseases. Data sources: Systematic review of seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PEDro, MedRxiv, CNKI, Wanfang) until 30 December 2023. Review methods: Evaluated 101 studies (9593 participants) on respiratory function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies and non-RCTs, and the NIH Quality Assessment Tools for before-after studies. Results: The most common rehabilitation program combined breathing exercises with aerobic exercise or strength training. Rehabilitation interventions significantly enhanced respiratory function, as evidenced by improvements on the Borg Scale (MD, −1.85; 95% CI, −3.00 to −0.70, low certainty), the mMRC Dyspnea Scale (MD, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.72 to −0.18, low certainty), and the Multidimensional Dyspnoea-12 Scale (MD, −4.64; 95% CI, −6.54 to −2.74, moderate certainty). Exercise capacity also improved, demonstrated by results from the Six-Minute Walk Test (MD, 38.18; 95% CI, 25.33–51.03, moderate certainty) and the Sit-to-Stand Test (MD, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.07–5.01, low certainty). Conclusion: Rehabilitation interventions are promising for survivors of viral respiratory diseases, yet gaps in research remain. Future investigations should focus on personalizing rehabilitation efforts, utilizing remote technology-assisted programs, improving research quality, and identifying specific subgroups for customized rehabilitation strategies to achieve the best outcomes for survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the main aspects of the study of the development state of physiological and speech breathing in preschool children with congenital features in the structure of the articulatory apparatus, characteristic of rhinolalia. The results of the theoretical analysis of the definitions of «breathing pattern», «physiological breathing» and «speech breathing» are presented. The authors revealed the influence of anatomical and physiological features of the respiratory system on speech is revealed. The peculiarities of the respiratory function in children with rhinolalia are characterized and the importance of the development of the specified processes in logocorrection work is determined. According to the results of the analysis of the theoretical and practical assets of domestic scientists, it was established that the vast majority of current methods and directions of logocorrective influence with children of preschool age with congenital peculiarities in the structure of the articulatory apparatus combine exercises for the development of respiratory function and articulatory praxis. They, in turn, contribute to the formation of physiological and speech breathing in preschool children with speech difficulties. The authors proposed examples of exercises at the activation and activity stages of the work system intending to develop physiological and speech breathing in preschool children with rhinolalia. The positive effect of exercises to stimulate the child's brain stem structures on minimizing the manifestations of physiological and speech breathing disorders in preschool children with congenital peculiarities in the structure of the articulation apparatus was found. It was concluded that the specificity of the development of physiological and speech breathing in children with congenital peculiarities in the structure of the articulation apparatus depends on the type of nosology and its degree of severity, and the systematic use of exercises promotes myelinogenesis and synaptogenesis, activation of stem processes, improvement of the structural and functional organization of neural networks, and development of physiological and speech breathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors for many diseases and related deaths. In recent years, more and more people are seeking alternatives that allow them to quit smoking and improve their quality of life. One such alternative is Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products (HTPs), which have gained significant popularity among both smokers and non-smokers. Their impact on human health has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the impact of these devices on human health. Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the physiological and biochemical effects of HTP devices on human health, and to compare their impact relative to traditional cigarettes on the functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, skeletal and urinary systems, oxidative stress, inflammatory state, and periodontal diseases. Review Methods. A review was performed of studies available on PubMed and Google Scholar. Summary. The scientific research cited in the review confirms the negative impact of HTP devices on human health, although clearly demonstrating that they represent a better alternative to traditional cigarettes. This is achieved through the reduction of harmful substance content in the inhaled aerosol, resulting in lower oxidative stress, inflammatory state, and intensity of many diseases affecting smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presented is actually an observational research resulting from the analysis of numerous articles and online guidelines, as well as from personal practice in hospitals both in the United Kingdom and Romania, regarding innovative physiotherapy management as well as the types of treatments developed by multidisciplinary teams, with the input of physiotherapists, which have contributed to improving the necessary environment for the development of an appropriate rehabilitation program for patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, according to current international standards. In this analysis, we focus on recently published experimental research that explores the impact of physiotherapy intervention on the pulmonary function and recovery process of severely affected patients, providing a critical view of the results obtained in different experimental studies. The hypothesis of the observational research starts from the premise that following studies conducted in various medical facilities worldwide regarding COVID-19 infection, specific physiotherapy management applied to these patients is resorted to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respiratory infections, particularly bronchopneumonia, pose a significant health challenge in paediatric populations, often leading to respiratory distress and compromised well-being. In the context of managing bronchopneumonia in children, exploring non-invasive interventions becomes beneficial. The application of thoracic kinesiotaping is hypothesized to positively impact lung volumes by assisting respiratory function and facilitating breathing pattern. Methodology: To determine the effectiveness of thoracic kinesiotaping on the functional capacities in children with bronchopneumonia, a group of 32 children aged 5 to 12 years were selected adhering to specific inclusion criteria. These participants were then randomly assigned to two groups. Group A underwent conventional respiratory physiotherapy exclusively while Group B participants received a combination of thoracic kinesiotaping and conventional respiratory physiotherapy. Pre-intervention assessment included baseline data, pulmonary function tests (PFT), Paediatric Dyspnea Scale (PDS) and Chest expansion. The treatment protocol spanned a period of three days. Analysis of data was done through Instat software. Conclusion: The analysis revealed a notable increase in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the FEV1/Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Ratio during pulmonary function testing (PFT), accompanied by a marginal improvement in chest expansion. These findings suggest a positive impact of kinesiotaping on respiratory parameters, indicating potential benefits for children with pulmonary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This comparative analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of Sivelestat Sodium Hydrate (SSH) combined with Ulinastatin (UTI) in the treatment of sepsis with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: A control group and an observation group were formed with eighty-four cases of patients with sepsis with ARDS, with 42 cases in each group. The control group was intravenously injected with UTI based on conventional treatment, and the observation group was injected with SSH based on the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 7 days, and the treatment outcomes and efficacy of both groups were observed. The Murray Lung Injury Score (MLIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) were compared. Changes in respiratory function, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress indicators were assessed. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions was recorded. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group (95.24%) was higher than that in the control group (80.95%) (P < 0.05). The mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization time, and duration of antimicrobial medication in the observation group were shorter and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome incidence was lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The mortality rate of patients in the observation group (35.71%) was lower than that in the control group (52.38%), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). MLIS, SOFA, and APACHE II scores in the observation group were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, respiratory function, inflammation, and oxidative stress were improved in the observation group (P < 0.05). Adverse reactions were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of SSH plus UTI improves lung injury and pulmonary ventilation function, and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with sepsis and ARDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reader will come to appreciate: • Many adults who were born extremely preterm in the 1980s and 1990s, and who did not develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia, have lung function in the low normal range. • Extremely preterm born infants with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia may be at increased risk of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in middle age and older years based on the trajectory of their lung function. • Despite improved neonatal care and the advent of surfactant therapy, the rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has not decreased. Extreme preterm (EP) birth, denoting delivery before the onset of the third trimester, interrupts intrauterine development and causes significant early-life pulmonary trauma, thereby posing a lifelong risk to respiratory health. We conducted a systematic review and meta -analysis to investigate adult lung function following EP birth (gestational age <28 weeks); comparing forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV 1 /FVC to reference values. Subgroup differences were explored based on timing of birth relative to surfactant use (1991) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) status. Systematic searches were performed in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central. Quality assessments were carried out using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Sixteen studies encompassing 1036 EP-born adults were included, with 14 studies (n = 787) reporting data as %predicted, and 11 (n = 879) as z-score (not mutually exclusive). Overall mean [95 % confidence interval (CI)] %FEV 1 was 85.30 (82.51; 88.09), %FVC was 94.33 (91.74; 96.91), and FEV 1 /FVC was 79.54 (77.71 to 81.38), all three with high heterogeneity. Overall mean (95 %CI) zFEV 1 was −1.05 (-1.21; −0.90) and zFVC was. −0.45 (-0.59; −0.31), both with moderate heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses revealed no difference in FEV 1 before versus after widespread use of surfactant, but more impairments after neonatal BPD. This meta -analysis revealed significant airflow limitation in EP-born adults, mostly explained by those with neonatal BPD. FEV 1 was more reduced than FVC, and FEV 1 /FVC was at the lower limit of normal. Although at a group level, most adult EP-born individuals do not meet COPD criteria, these findings are concerning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the suitability of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)‐2012 other/mixed and GLI‐2022 global reference equations for evaluating the respiratory capacity of First Nations Australians. Design, setting: Cross‐sectional study; analysis of spirometry data collected by three prospective studies in Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia between March 2015 and December 2022. Participants: Opportunistically recruited First Nations participants in the Indigenous Respiratory Reference Values study (Queensland, Northern Territory; age, 3–25 years; 18 March 2015 – 24 November 2017), the Healthy Indigenous Lung Function Testing in Adults study (Queensland, Northern Territory; 18 years or older; 14 August 2019 – 15 December 2022) and the Many Healthy Lungs study (Western Australia; five years or older; 10 October 2018 – 7 November 2021). Main outcome measures: Goodness of fit to spirometry data for each GLI reference equation, based on mean Z‐score and its standard deviation, and proportions of participants with respiratory parameter values within 1.64 Z‐scores of the mean value. Results: Acceptable and repeatable forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) values were available for 2700 First Nations participants in the three trials; 1467 were classified as healthy and included in our analysis (1062 children, 405 adults). Their median age was 12 years (interquartile range, 9–19 years; range, 3–91 years), 768 (52%) were female, and 1013 were tested in rural or remote areas (69%). Acceptable and repeatable forced vital capacity (FVC) values were available for 1294 of the healthy participants (88%). The GLI‐2012 other/mixed and GLI‐2022 global equations provided good fits to the spirometry data; the race‐neutral GLI‐2022 global equation better accounted for the influence of ageing on FEV1 and FVC, and of height on FVC. Using the GLI‐2012 other/mixed reference equation and after adjusting for age, sex, and height, mean FEV1 (estimated difference, –0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.46 to –0.22) and FVC Z‐scores (estimated difference, –0.45; 95% CI, –0.59 to –0.32) were lower for rural or remote than for urban participants, but their mean FEV1/FVC Z‐score was higher (estimated difference, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.25). Conclusion: The normal spirometry values of healthy First Nations Australians may be substantially higher than previously reported. Until more spirometry data are available for people in urban areas, the race‐neutral GLI‐2022 global or the GLI‐2012 other/mixed reference equations can be used when assessing the respiratory function of First Nations Australians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Optimal respiratory function and cardiovascular endurance are integral to overall health and athletic performance. Yogic interventions have emerged as potential strategies to enhance physiological and physical parameters. These metrics not only unlock the human body's potential but also play a vital role in increasing sports performance. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured yogic regimen in improving respiratory function and cardiovascular endurance in young male adults, shedding light on yoga's role as a complementary approach to physical fitness enhancement. Materials and methods. Forty (N = 40) male undergraduate university students (aged 18 to 25 years) were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). The experimental investigation centered on vital capacity (VC), both positive and negative breath holding times (PBHT and NBHT), peak flow rate (PFR), and cardiovascular endurance (CVE). Using an analytical research approach, a randomized pre-test - post-test - controlled group design was implemented. The experimental group engaged in daily yoga sessions supervised by certified instructors, incorporating various asanas, pranayama techniques, and meditation, while the control group maintained their regular lifestyle. Pre-and post-intervention assessments of respiratory parameters and cardiovascular endurance were conducted using standardized tests. Statistical analyses, including Levene's test for normality, and paired t-tests for intra-group comparisons, were performed using SPSS software (IBM, version 25, Chicago). The experiment lasted for six weeks, with a significance level set at α = 0.05. Results. The paired t-test analyses demonstrated significant improvements in VC t(19) = 4.96, and p < 0.000; PBHT t(19) = 6.34, and p < 0.000; NBHT t(19) = 4.18, and p < 0.001; PFR t(19) = 7.02, and p < 0.000; as well as CVE t(19) = 3.96, and p < 0.001, within the experimental group. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions. The findings underscore the effectiveness of a six-week yogic intervention in enhancing respiratory function and cardiovascular endurance among young male adults. Integrating yoga into exercise routines may yield substantial benefits for physical fitness improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nasal septum is a key component of the nasal structure, affecting proper airflow and providing support for the nasal structures. A deviated septum (DSN) can lead to breathing disorders, impaired nasal patency, recurrent nosebleeds, olfactory disorders and frequent upper respiratory tract infections. In competitive sports, where ventilation performance is critical, septal deviation can adversely affect athletic performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of septoplasty on patients' physical performance. Methodes This article is based on the available literature found in the Google Scholar, PubMed database with the use of key words such as ,,septoplasty'', ,,nasal septal deviation'', ,,septoplasty quality of life'', ,,nasal septal deviation athletes'', ,,septoplasty sport'', ,,nasal obstruction sport''. Results Conducted studies show that surgical correction of a deviated nasal septum improves physical performance as well as respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Restoring proper airflow through the nose after surgery leads to a noticeable improvement in physical performance, highlighting the significance of septoplasty in enhancing patient comfort and improving athletic outcomes.

Background. Forms of glucose metabolism disorders are one of the key processes in the course of cystic fibrosis (CF) and can be variable, starting with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and ending with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), which is the most dangerous complication, worsening the prognosis and outcome of disease. Decreased lung function and poor nutritional status are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD). Materials and methods. The study included 85 children with CF. Patients underwent measurement of anthropometric parameters (height, weight) to assess nutritional status (NS), and spirometry test was used to assess pulmonary function (PF). Of these, 78 patients were assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 5 points (0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes) assessing the concentration of venous plasma glucose in mmol/l. The results of the OGTT were assessed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for CFRD. Results. According to the Kruskal–Wallis test, the maximum volumetric flow rate during exhalation of 75% FVC (FEF 75) differed between different forms of carbohydrate metabolism (p=0.031). Other indicators of respiratory function didn’t have any significant differences. Using the Mann–Whitney test, pairwise comparisons were performed, so the FEF 75 indicator was statistically significantly lower in the group of children with CFRD than in other groups. There were no statistically significant differences when assessing Z-scores weight/age (WAZ) and height/age (HAZ) depending on the forms of carbohydrate metabolism. However, BMI/age Z-scores (BAZ) were statistically significantly lower in groups of children with CFRD than in other forms of carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion. Children with CF in the period of prediabetes don’t have significant impairments in lung function and NS. These disorders are typical for children with CFRD.

Abstract Background Many patients with heart disease potentially have comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there are not enough opportunities for screening, and the qualitative differentiation of shortness of breath (SOB) has not been well established. We investigated the detection rate of SOB based on a visual and qualitative dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) detection index during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and assessed potential differences in respiratory function between groups. Methods We recruited 534 patients with heart disease or patients who underwent simultaneous CPET and spirometry (369 males, 67.0 ± 12.9 years) to scrutinize physical functions. The difference between inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume was calculated (TV E-I) from the breath-by-breath data. Patients were grouped into convex (decreased TV E-I) and non-convex (unchanged or increased TV E-I) groups based on their TV E-I values after the start of exercise. Results Among the recruited patients, 129 (24.2%) were categorized in the convex group. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The Borg scale scores at the end of the CPET showed no difference. VE/VCO2 slope, its Y-intercept, and minimum VE/VCO2 showed no significant difference between the groups. In the convex group, FEV1.0/FVC was significantly lower compared to that in the non-convex group (69.4 ± 13.1 vs. 75.0 ± 9.0%). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between FEV1.0/FVC and Y-intercept (r=-0.343), as well as between the difference between minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (r=-0.478). Conclusions The convex group showed decreased respiratory function, suggesting a potential airway obstruction during exercise. A combined assessment of the TV E-I and Y-intercept of the VE/VCO2 slope or the difference between the minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slopes could potentially detect COPD or airway obstruction.

Study Design. Retrospective, single-center study. Objective. To examine pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients undergoing anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT). Summary of Background Data. The effect of AVBT on pulmonary status remains unclear. Materials and Methods. The authors examined preoperative and postoperative PFTs following AVBT in a retrospective, singlecenter cohort of patients. Outcomes were compared using percent predicted values as continuous and categorical variables (using 10% change as significant) and divided into categorical values based on the American Thoracic Society standards. Results. Fifty-eight patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were included, with a mean age of 12.5± 1.4 years and a followup of 4.2± 1.1 years. The mean thoracic curve was 47° ±9°, which improved to 21° ± 12°. At baseline, the mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) and forced vital capacity (FVC%) values were 79% and 82%, respectively. Four patients had normal FEV1% (≥100%), 67% had mild restrictive disease (70%–99%) and the rest had worse FEV1%. Mean FEV1 improved from 2.2 to 2.6 L (P<0.05) and FVC improved from 2.5 to 3.0 L (P< 0.05); however, % predicted values remained unchanged (FEV1%: 79%–80%; FVC%: 82–80%, P>0.05) with mean postoperative PFTs at 37± 12 months postoperative. The use of miniopen thoracotomy was not associated with worsening PFTs, but extension of the lowest instrumented vertebra below T12 was correlated with decreasing FEV1% in the bivariate analysis (P<0.05). Patients with worse preoperative FVC% (80 ±13% vs. 90± 11%, P=0.03) and FEV1% (77±17% vs. 87±12%, P= 0.06) also had a greater likelihood of declining postoperative FEV1%. Conclusion. Pulmonary function in most patients undergoing AVBT remained stable (76%) or improved (14%); however, a subset may worsen (10%). Further studies are needed to identify the risk factors for this group, but worse preoperative PFTs and extension below T12 may be risk factors for worsening pulmonary function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aims: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) presents with skeletal muscle weakness, followed by cardiorespiratory involvement. The need for longitudinal data regarding DMD that could serve as a control for determining treatment efficacy in clinical trials has increased notably. The present study examined the longitudinal data of Japanese DMD patients collectively and assessed individual patients with pathogenic variants eligible for exon‐skipping therapy. Methods: Patients with DMD who visited Kobe University Hospital between March 1991 and March 2019 were enrolled. Data between the patients' first visit until age 20 years were examined. Results: Three hundred thirty‐seven patients were included. Serum creatine kinase levels showed extremely high values until the age of 6 years and a rapid decline from ages 7–12 years. Both the median 10‐m run/walk velocity and rise‐from‐floor velocity peaked at the age of 4 years and declined with age. The values for respiratory function declined from the age of 11 years. The median left ventricular ejection fraction was >60% until the age of 12 years and rapidly declined from ages 13–15 years. Examination of the relationship between pathogenic variants eligible for exon‐skipping therapy and longitudinal data revealed no characteristic findings. Discussion: We found that creatine kinase levels and motor, respiratory, and cardiac functions each exhibited various changes over time. These findings provide useful information about the longitudinal data of several outcome measures for patients with DMD not receiving corticosteroids. These data may serve as historical controls in comparing the natural history of DMD patients not on regular steroid use in appropriate clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study is to find out whether the return rate of parasympathetic activity (PA) can be accelerated with auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (TVNS). Pulmonary function test, ANS activity, pulse and blood pressure measurements were made. Individuals ran for 15 minutes. Those in the TVNS group received 5 minutes of auricular VNS. In the control group, headphones were attached but no current was given. After the end of their procedures, they were compared with pre-exercise. In the TVNS group, the pulse parameter was higher than in the initial measurement (p=0.001). There was a significant (p=0.007) rise in the FEV1 value in the VNS group. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) index (p<0.05) increased in both groups when compared to the initial measurement, although there was no significant difference in the index values between the groups. The TVNS group showed an increase from the first measurement (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) Index between the groups (p>0.05). The groups' values for the first and second measures were equal (p>0.05), and the root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) values did not reveal a significant difference. TVNS can improve respiratory parameters in healthy individuals in the acute period after exercise, and it seems that it can also increase activation in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic system. It can be stated that TVNS may lead to variable results in different circumstances in sports [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: Insufficiency of respiratory muscles is the most important reason for mortality in the natural history of SMA. Thus, improvement or stabilization of respiratory function by disease-modifying therapies (DMT) is a very important issue. Methods: We examined respiratory function using forced vital capacity (FVC) in 42 adult SMA patients (2 SMA type 1, 15 SMA type 2, 24 SMA type 3, 1 SMA type 4, median age 37 years, range 17-61 years) treated with nusinersen for a median of 22.1 months (range 2.1 to 46.7 months). Change in FVC was assessed using mixed effects linear regression models. Results: Baseline FVC differed significantly between SMA type 1 (4.0, 8.0%), 2 (median 22.0%, IQR 18.0-44.0), 3 (median 81.0%, IQR 67.0-90.8) and, respectively, type 4 (84.0%) patients reflecting the heterogeneity of respiratory impairment based on the SMA type in adulthood (p < 0.0001). FVC remained stable during follow-up (mean -0.047, 95% CI -0.115 to 0.020, p = 0.17); however, subgroup analysis showed an increase in FVC of type 2 patients (mean 0.144, 95% CI 0.086 to 0.202, p < 0.0001) and a decrease in FVC of type 3/4 patients (-0.142, 95% CI -0.239 to -0.044, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The observed improvement in FVC in patients with SMA type 2 can be seen as a therapeutic response differing from the progressive decline typically seen in the spontaneous course. For SMA type 3/4 patients approaching normal spirometry at baseline, FVC may only be of limited use as an outcome parameter due to ceiling effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many patients with heart disease potentially have comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there are not enough opportunities for screening, and the qualitative differentiation of shortness of breath (SOB) has not been well established. We investigated the detection rate of SOB based on a visual and qualitative dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) detection index during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and assessed potential differences in respiratory function between groups. Methods: We recruited 534 patients with heart disease or patients who underwent simultaneous CPET and spirometry (369 males, 67.0 ± 12.9 years) to scrutinize physical functions. The difference between inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume was calculated (TV E-I) from the breath-by-breath data. Patients were grouped into convex (decreased TV E-I) and non-convex (unchanged or increased TV E-I) groups based on their TV E-I values after the start of exercise. Results: Among the recruited patients, 129 (24.2%) were categorized in the convex group. There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The Borg scale scores at the end of the CPET showed no difference. VE/VCO2 slope, its Y-intercept, and minimum VE/VCO2 showed no significant difference between the groups. In the convex group, FEV1.0/FVC was significantly lower compared to that in the non-convex group (69.4 ± 13.1 vs. 75.0 ± 9.0%). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between FEV1.0/FVC and Y-intercept (r=-0.343), as well as between the difference between minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (r=-0.478). Conclusions: The convex group showed decreased respiratory function, suggesting a potential airway obstruction during exercise. A combined assessment of the TV E-I and Y-intercept of the VE/VCO2 slope or the difference between the minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slopes could potentially detect COPD or airway obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant administration can significantly alleviate smoking-mediated oxidative stress. In our previous research, using a concentrated mixed juice powder led to significant reduction in oxidative status markers and improved lung function among smokers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of different antioxidant formulations of the retail product Juice Plus+® on oxidative status and lung function in healthy smokers via a a Bayesian Network (BN) analysis. METHODS: At baseline and after 3 months' supplementation, pulmonary function, cardiovascular risk factors, and oxidative status were assessed in 101 smokers, randomized into three groups: placebo (P), fruit/vegetable (FV), and fruit/vegetable/berry (FVB) group. BN analysis was performed via Monte Carlo simulations. Statistical significance was assigned as p < 0.05. RESULTS: No significant interaction was observed in P (network score –101.4, p = ns), whereas overall fit significantly improved in both FV (network score –185.7, p = 0.01) and FVB (–293.7, p = 0.003). Moreover, P group's respiratory parameters appeared unrelated to the biochemical structure, whereas those of the FV and, to a greater extent, FVB groups were definitely related to it CONCLUSIONS: BN analysis demonstrated that the FV and FVB formulations contain nutraceutical compounds capable of synergistically acting and improving antioxidant modulation and respiratory function in smoking subjects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to compare respiratory functions of patients after thoracoscopic lobectomy (TS) with those after thoracotomy (TR). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in two centers, one of which adapted TS as a standard procedure in 2009 and the other performs it via TR. Data on patients who underwent lobectomy for congenital lung disease between 2009 and 2021 and underwent pulmonary function test (spirometry) were collected. Results: Ten patients underwent TS and 36 underwent TR. Distribution based on sex, prenatal diagnosis, pathological diagnosis, and resected lobe were similar between the two groups. The median [interquartile range] age at procedure in the TR group was significantly smaller than that in the TS group (13 [11–18] months versus 38 [13–79] months, P = .03). The procedure duration in the TR group was significantly shorter than that in the TS group (230 [171–264] minutes versus 264 [226–420] minutes, P = .02). Pulmonary function test was conducted at the age of eight in both groups, but the interval between the procedure, and the test was significantly shorter in the TS group (TR: 7 [5–8] years versus TS: 5 [2–7] years, P = .03). The ratio of forced vital capacity compared to predicted one (TR: 86.6 [76.6–95.3] versus TS: 88.7 [86.8–89.1], P = .58) and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second against that predicted (TR: 84.0 [80.5–88.7] versus TS: 88.7 [86.8–89.1], P = .08) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Although TR was performed earlier than TS, respiratory function was similar between the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by persistent airflow limitation during breathing, is considered to be the third leading cause of death worldwide. Among the mechanisms involved in this pathology is the excessive generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can induce an unwanted inflammatory response. These traps have been reported to be generated by the enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). The aim of this work is therefore to evaluate the effect of the administration of a siRNA targeting PAD4 on lung damage in a COPD animal model. Wistar rats weighing 300–350 g were administered cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg i.p.) every 24 h. Then, following one week of the administration of cadmium chloride, the PAD4-targeted siRNA was administered, and at the second week, lung function was measured, as were lung and heart weights, as well as PAD4 expression by RT-PCR. Our results showed that cadmium administration generated a COPD model, which increased PAD4 expression and decreased lung and heart weights and respiratory function. SiRNA administration partially reversed the changes associated with the COPD model. In conclusion, our results suggest that administration of an siRNA targeting PAD4 could improve respiratory function by decreasing lung and heart damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response, severe damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier and a secondary infiltration of protein-rich fluid into the airspaces, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Resolution of ARDS depends on the ability of the alveolar epithelium to reabsorb lung fluid through active transepithelial ion transport, to control the inflammatory response, and to restore a cohesive and functional epithelium through effective repair processes. Interestingly, several lines of evidence have demonstrated the important role of potassium (K+) channels in the regulation of epithelial repair processes. Furthermore, these channels have previously been shown to be involved in sodium/fluid absorption across alveolar epithelial cells, and we have recently demonstrated the contribution of KvLQT1 channels to the resolution of thiourea-induced pulmonary edema in vivo. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of the KCNQ1 pore-forming subunit of KvLQT1 channels in the outcome of ARDS parameters in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). We used a molecular approach with KvLQT1-KO mice challenged with bleomycin, a well-established ALI model that mimics the key features of the exudative phase of ARDS on day 7. Our data showed that KvLQT1 deletion exacerbated the negative outcome of bleomycin on lung function (resistance, elastance and compliance). An alteration in the profile of infiltrating immune cells was also observed in KvLQT1-KO mice while histological analysis showed less interstitial and/or alveolar inflammatory response induced by bleomycin in KvLQT1-KO mice. Finally, a reduced repair rate of KvLQT1-KO alveolar cells after injury was observed. This work highlights the complex contribution of KvLQT1 in the development and resolution of ARDS parameters in a model of ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of exercise-specific face masks (ESFMs) in aerobically fit individuals on physiological, perceptual, respiratory, and performance responses remains unclear. How ESFMs mitigate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is also unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine how an ESFM altered within-exercise physiological, perceptual, respiratory, and performance responses to graded treadmill exercise. Twenty-four individuals (11 females) completed a discontinuous graded exercise test on a treadmill under two conditions (ESFM and unmasked). Physiological, respiratory function, and perceptual measures were assessed. Performance was determined by time to exhaustion. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effects modeling, repeated measures analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons using an alpha value of 0.05. ESFM use significantly impaired performance (median = −150.5 s) and decreased arterial oxygen saturation at maximal intensity (mean = −3.7%). Perceptions of air hunger and work of breathing were elevated across submaximal and maximal intensities. Perceived exertion and breathing discomfort were significantly elevated submaximally but not maximally. Spirometry measures were not significantly different at termination but were significantly improved at submaximal intensities in participants with and without EIB. ESFM use in fit individuals increased perceptual discomfort, impaired performance, and augmented arterial desaturation. Respiratory function improvements were observed but were accompanied by adverse perceptual sensations. Despite this, performance impairments may limit the real-world utility of ESFMs for athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Respiratory muscle training is a continuous and standardized training of respiratory muscles, but the evidence of the effects on early stroke patients is not clear. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory function and functional capacity in patients with early stroke. Methods PubMed, Embase, PEDro, ScienceDirect, AMED, CINAHL, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from inception to December 8, 2023 for articles about studies that 1) stroke patients with age ≥ 18 years old. Early stroke