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Postoperative pain, a common problem in perioperative management, has negative impact on patients' experience and functional recovery. The development of postoperative pain is not only related to direct surgical trauma, but also a series of preventable perioperative risk factors, among which perioperative sleep quality should not be neglected. In recent years, more and more researches have indicated that poor perioperative sleep quality is a risk factor for both acute and chronic postoperative pain, and some researches have even pointed out that sleep quality can directly influence patients' pain threshold. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current research progress on the influence of perioperative sleep quality on postoperative pain, hoping to provide reference for improving the perioperative pain management for patients.

Postoperative pain seriously affects the recovery process of patients, resulting in prolonged hospital stay and increased care costs. Appropriate application of patient-controlled analgesia devices can effectively relieve perioperative acute pain. In 1994 patient-controlled analgesia began to be used in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and the Acute Pain Service Working Group was established in 2004. With the cooperation of anesthesiologists and specialist nurses, the group jointly has implemented the whole process and standardized management based on patient-controlled analgesia, and constantly improved and innovated working methods, laying a solid foundation for the development of postoperative pain management. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the work from the aspects of clinical focus, nursing management experience, promotion and dissemination of pain treatment concepts, and development of acute pain service model under the new situation, with the hope of providing valuable reference for comprehensively strengthening pain management in the process of diagnosis and treatment, and enhancing patients' satisfaction with perioperative analgesia services.

Nondeep physiological dormancy exists in freshly harvested pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed, and the endocarp inhibits the seed germination. New methods were tried to detect if “chemical dormancy” or “mechanical dormancy” was caused by the endocarp. The germination of freshly harvested pecan seed with the removal of different parts of the endocarp and the fracture pressure of the endocarp of pecan seed soaked in water at different temperatures were tested. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in germination rate between the pecan kernel keeping in touch and out of touch with the same part of the endocarp, (2) whether a part of endocarp was removed to expose the radicle, preventing endocarp from splitting by glue inhibited the radicle elongation significantly, (3) the fracture pressure of the endocarp decreased significantly over water uptake time, and (4) little difference in the fracture pressure of the endocarp between different soaking temperatures. In conclusion, it suggested that (1) the endocarp caused “mechanical dormancy” but “chemical dormancy,” (2) the prevention of radicle elongation was due to the endocarp pressuring the cotyledon rather than the direct physical restriction on the radicle, and (3) the radicle elongation seemed to be able to respond to the suture split and the pressure on the cotyledon.

Birefringent materials play an important role in laser techniques as an essential part of optical devices. Therefore, the exploration of high-performance birefringent materials has been a central focus of researchers. Herein, two tin(II) fluoride oxalates Na4Sn4(C2O4)3F6 and NaSnC2O4F·H2O were gained by the combination of birefringence-active groups of Sn2+ with stereochemically active lone pairs and planar π-conjugated [C2O4]2− groups. These groups assemble into low-dimensional structures of 0D [C2O4F4]6− clusters and 1D [SnC2O4F]∞− chains in Na4Sn4(C2O4)3F6, and double [Sn2(C2O4)2F2]∞2− chains in NaSnC2O4F·H2O, which gives rise to the large birefringence of 0.160@546 nm and 0.189@546 nm, respectively. Detailed structure–property analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that strong optical anisotropy can be induced by the rational arrangement of the Sn2+-polyhedra and [C2O4]2− groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare pain management outcomes in postoperative patients from an American hospital and a Chinese hospital. A convenience sample of 244 patients in the United States and 268 patients in China with similar surgical sites completed the American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire-Revised (APS-POQ-R) and the Pain Management Index (PMI) was calculated on their first postoperative day. Patients in the United States reported a higher score on the "perception of pain management" subscale of the APS-POQ-R and a higher proportion of adequate treatment as measured by the PMI (85.2% vs. 39.0%, p <.001). Patient education and degrees of pain relief predicted patient satisfaction with pain management (item in APS-POQ-R) in patients from both countries. A higher level of compliance with pain management guidelines has contributed to a higher level of perception in patients in the United States. Establishing procedure-specific protocols and clinical pathways may improve pain management outcomes for Chinese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birefringent materials play an important role in laser techniques as an essential part of optical devices. Therefore, the exploration of high-performance birefringent materials has been a central focus of researchers. Herein, two tin(II) fluoride oxalates Na 4 Sn 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 F 6 and NaSnC 2 O 4 F·H 2 O were gained by the combination of birefringence-active groups of Sn 2+ with stereochemically active lone pairs and planar π-conjugated [C 2 O 4 ] 2- groups. These groups assemble into low-dimensional structures of 0D [C 2 O 4 F 4 ] 6- clusters and 1D [SnC 2 O 4 F] ∞ - chains in Na 4 Sn 4 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 F 6 , and double [Sn 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 F 2 ] ∞ 2- chains in NaSnC 2 O 4 F·H 2 O, which gives rise to the large birefringence of 0.160@546 nm and 0.189@546 nm, respectively. Detailed structure-property analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that strong optical anisotropy can be induced by the rational arrangement of the Sn 2+ -polyhedra and [C 2 O 4 ] 2- groups.

A novel mercury selenite sulfate named Hg 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) has been successfully synthesized under a mild hydrothermal method. Hg 3 (SeO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) crystallizes in a monoclinic space group P 2 1 and features a unique three-dimensional (3D) frame structure formed by [Hg 6 O 8 (SeO 3 ) 4 ] ∞ layers and SO 4 tetrahedra, which enables it to exhibit a comprehensive performance of a moderate second-harmonic generation (SHG) response of approximately 1.3 times that of baseline KH 2 PO 4 (KDP), a moderate birefringence (0.118@546 nm), and a wide band gap (4.70 eV), which indicates that it has potential for application as an ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical material. Detailed theoretical calculations show that the Hg 2+ -based polyhedra with large polarizability and deformability and the SeO 3 groups with stereochemically active lone pair (SCALP) electrons are the main contributors to moderate optical properties.

Introduction: Due to the high recurrence, the HCC prognosis remains poor. Yet, the biomarkers for predicting the recurrence of high-risk patients are currently lacking. We aimed to develop a signature to predict the recurrence of HCC based on NKG2D ligands., Methods: The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to select recurrence-related variables of NKG2D ligands in HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). HCC patients from the OEP000321 dataset and Guilin cohort were used to validate the predictive signature. The mRNA expression of NKG2D ligands was measured by QRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry analysis of HCC tissue microarray samples was used to identify the expression of NKG2D ligands., Results: In this study, NKG2D ligands expression in the mRNA and protein level was both abnormally expressed in HCC and associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Then, the recurrence-related variables of NKG2D ligands in HCC were selected by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Among the eight NKG2D ligands, MICA (HR = 1.347; 95% CI = 1.012-1.793; p = 0.041), ULBP3 (HR = 0.453; 95% CI = 0.231-0.889; p = 0.021) and ULBP5 (HR = 3.617; 95% CI = 1.819-7.194; p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with RFS in the TCGA-LIHC cohort. Then, the signature was constructed by the three NKG2D ligands. The predictive effectiveness of this signature was also validated in the OEP000321 dataset and Guilin cohort. Further, HCC patients were classified into low-risk and high-risk subgroups by the predictive score. Compared with the low-risk group, the high-risk group had poor RFS in both training and validation cohorts. Importantly, compared with the low-risk patients with the G1-G2 stage, the levels of infiltrated NK-activated cells and NKG2D expression were both lower in the high-risk patients., Conclusions: The signature based on MICA, ULBP3, and ULBP5 could predict HCC recurrence., (© 2022 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)