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Manual operations remain crucial in critical human‐machine interactions due to limitations in automatic control algorithms and technologies. While ergonomic analysis and evaluation techniques for interactive interfaces are advancing, recent approaches emphasize integrating graphical interface experiences with intuitive controls. Conventional methods often lack precision or overlook the interaction effect of different influencing factors, leading to inadequate assessment of essential manual operations for intricate interfaces, such as multifunctional operation panels. To address these challenges, this study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of various factors on the manual operation performance of operators when using a multifunctional operation panel and aims to develop a more comprehensive and broadly applicable evaluation model for such panels. An experiment was designed to consider the type, size, layout of controls, and operational task type as the main factors affecting manual operation performance. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to identify significant interaction effects among the operation factors. The findings underscored the importance of these interactions in evaluating manual operation performance. Multivariate linear regression further examined the influence of these factors, enhancing the evaluation methodology. The study emphasizes the critical role of understanding interaction effects in assessing the manual operation performance of multifunctional operation panels, particularly in improving the design of the panel or operation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal bacterial communities play an important role in the growth and health of aquatic animal hosts and have drawn increasing attention. However, the role of the intestinal microbiota in the growth of freshwater prawns remains unclear. Here, the intestinal microbiota of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) at different life stages (one, two, and three months old) were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that community richness and diversity increased with growth, which might be one of the reasons that the prawns maintained a fast growth rate before sexual maturation. Three core phyla were identified in the one-month-old group, namely, Firmicutes (79.24%), Proteobacteria (17.09%) and Actinobacteriota (2.01%). Five core phyla were identified in the two-month-old group, including Firmicutes (47.84%), Proteobacteria (44.22%), Actinobacteriota (1.83%), Acidobacteriota (1.66%) and Bacteroidota (1.24%), and the core phyla in the three-month-old group were similar, except for Acidobacterota, which was not identified. A total of 12 core genera were identified in all samples, and significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of gut microbiota between the three groups (p < 0.05). Exiguobacterium, Lactococcus and Shewanella were the three most significantly differentially abundant genera between stages. In addition, Candidatus Hepatoplasma was detected only in the two- and three-month-old prawn groups. This study provides information on the differences in the intestinal microbiota in different developmental stages, which contribute to adaptation to salinity in the early developmental stage and digestive ability to meet the growth needs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembly of cyclohexyl cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (cyCAAC) can be realized and reversibly switched from a close-packed trimer phase to a chainlike dimer phase, enabled by the ring-flip of the cyclohexyl wingtip. Multiple methods including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified a distinct isomer (axial or equatorial chair conformer) in each phase, and consequently support the conclusion regarding the determination of molecular surface geometry on the self-assembly of cyCAAC. Moreover, various substrates such as Ag (111) and Cu (111) are tested to elucidate the importance of cyCAAC-surface interactions on cyCAAC based nanopatterns. These investigations of patterned surfaces prompted a deep understanding of cyCAAC binding mode, surface geometry and reversible self-assembly, which are of paramount significance in the areas of catalysis, biosensor design and surface functionalization., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)