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The increase in fish and seafood consumption observed in recent years is a consequence of the growing consumers' awareness of proper nutrition. One of the possibilities to provide fish-friendly, qualitatively attractive (both in terms of nutrition and sensory quality) raw fish materials is the production of hybrids, which would improve production rates without compromising their meat quality. This study compares the carcass and fillet yields of

Climate change will expose the food-producing sector to a range of challenges. Inland aquaculture farms are particularly vulnerable, due to the difficulty in changing their location, and therefore require specific tools to predict the influence of direct and indirect effects on production, environment and economic feasibility. The objective of our study was to apply a simple set of models to produce a set of growth, risk and suitability maps for stakeholders within the common carp sector in Poland, to assist decision-making under two different scenarios of climate change: a moderate situation (RCP 4.5) and an extreme situation (RCP 8.5). We used present (2000-2019) and future projections (2080-2099) for water surface temperature based on land surface temperature data from regionally downscaled climate models to draw maps to: (i) show optimal temperature conditions for carp growth, (ii) assess risk of disease outbreak caused by three important common carp pathogens: Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), carp oedema virus (CEV) and spring viremia of carp (SVCV) and (iii) predict potential suitability changes of carp farming in Poland. The study identified areas with the most and least favourable temperature conditions for carp growth, as well as those areas with the highest/lowest number of days with suitable temperatures for virus infection. These suitability maps showed the combined effect of direct and indirect effects of climate change projections under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5 scenarios. The approach applied herein will be of use worldwide for analysing the risks of temperature increase to land-based aquaculture, and the results presented are important for carp farmers in Poland and elsewhere, industry in general, and government stakeholders, to understand the direct and indirect effects of climate change on the triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit.

Overwintering impacts common carp performance, yet the nature of changes is not known. The aim of the study was to compare the zootechnical and key performance indicators (KPI) of Cyprinus carpio wintering in a pond with no supplementary feeding (MCF), in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) fed typical (30% of protein and 8% of fat) carp diet (AFC), and in a RAS fed high protein (42%) and fat (12%) diet (ABF). The analysis showed that ABF fish had the highest final body weight and the Fulton’s condition factor, as well as the lowest food conversion rate compared with AFC and MCF fish. Histomorphological assessment revealed that MCF fish had thinner skin layers, a depleted population of mucous cells in skin, an excessive interlamellar mass in the gills, and no supranuclear vacuoles in the intestine compared to fish from RAS. At the molecular level, higher transcript levels of il-1β and il-6 transcripts were found in the gills of MCF than in fish from RAS. The transcript level of the intestinal muc5b was the highest in ABF fish. Relative expression of il-1β and il-6 in gills were presumably the highest due to lamellar fusions in MCF fish. Described KPIs may assist carp production to ensure sustainability and food security in the European Union.

Fish biofortification with natural ingredients like iodine-rich macroalgae and selenized-yeast is an excellent strategy to enhance the nutritional quality of farmed fish. This study aimed to assess the effect of frozen storage during 12-months on physicochemical quality of biofortified seabream (Sparus aurata) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). Frozen storage reduced iodine content in biofortified seabream fillets (17%), as well as selenium content in biofortified carp fillets (24%). Yet, biofortified fillets still presented enhanced iodine and selenium contents at the end of the storage period. Increased lipid oxidation (3.45 mg MDA kg-1 for seabream and 2.41 mg MDA kg-1 for carp) and decreased water holding capacity (23-29% for seabream and 14-23% for carp) was observed during storage, whereas major changes in colour and texture occurred after 45 days (seabream) and 225 days (carp) of storage. In general, biofortified fish fillets maintained their nutritional value and quality after 360 days of frozen storage. Highlights: In general, the quality parameters of fish fillets during frozen storage were not relevantly affected by the biofortification strategies; Frozen storage led to increased lipid oxidation of gilthead seabream and common carp fish fillets; Decreased I and Br contents were observed in biofortified seabream fillets during frozen storage; Decreased Se and As contents were observed in biofortified carp fillets during frozen storage; Overall, biofortified fillets maintained acceptable conditions for consumption after 360 days of frozen storage. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 773400 (SEAFOODTOMORROW). This output reflects the views only of the author(s) and the European Union cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the in- formation contained therein. The authors also thank to i) Gelpeixe, S.A. for providing the installations and resources, allowing the study devel- opment; ii) the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) supported the contract of PA in the framework of CEECIND/ 01739/2017; iii) the Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE) through the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020 granted to MARE and under the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET; iv) the Portuguese national funds (DIVERSIAQUA MAR 2020 – 16-02-01-FEAM-66; DIVERSIAQUA II MAR 2020 - 02.01.01-FEAMP-0175); v) the project CALIBRA/EYIE (MIS 5002799), which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructures,” funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (Eu- ropean Regional Development Fund), and vi) the technical support of the master student Analdeth Marvão. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion