81 results on '"Razum, O"'
Search Results
2. Stressful life events as predictors of refugee adolescents’ subjective mental health need
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Namer, Y, primary, Fretian, A, additional, Podar, D, additional, and Razum, O, additional
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- 2022
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3. Trans* people’s access to gender-affirming health care: A European comparison
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Breckenkamp, J, primary, Thirugnanamohan, J, additional, Stern, A, additional, Razum, O, additional, and Namer, Y, additional
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- 2022
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4. Elevated stress during pregnancy in women of Turkish origin: Results from a prospective cohort study
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Scholaske, L, primary, Entringer, S, additional, Razum, O, additional, and Spallek, J, additional
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- 2022
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5. Syllabi collection on diversity and intersectionality in public health: reflecting on the development
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Wandschneider, L, primary, Podar, D, additional, Wetzel, L, additional, Luetke Lanfer, H, additional, Skrypnikova, O, additional, Razum, O, additional, Selig, S, additional, and Namer, Y, additional
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- 2022
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6. REHAvolution: Akzeptanz und zukünftige Ausgestaltung medizinischer Rehabilitation und Reha-Nachsorge unter Berücksichtigung digital unterstützter Angebote
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Stampa, S, Thienel, C, Razum, O, Dockweiler, C, Stampa, S, Thienel, C, Razum, O, and Dockweiler, C
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- 2022
7. Syllabi collection on diversity and intersectionality in public health: reflecting on the development
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Wandschneider, L., Podar, D., Wetzel, L., Luetke Lanfer, H., Skrypnikova, O., Razum, O., Selig, S., Namer, Y., Wandschneider, L., Podar, D., Wetzel, L., Luetke Lanfer, H., Skrypnikova, O., Razum, O., Selig, S., and Namer, Y.
- Abstract
Background: Highlighting the intersectionalities between different markers of diversity and health inequities encourages the reconsideration of normativities in public health (PH). We developed an open access collection of syllabi on the relevance of intersectionality and diversity in PH together with the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER). Objectives: We developed the syllabi in a participatory, iterative process guided by transformative teaching pedagogy. We reflect on this process and how this can inform the enhancement of the syllabi themselves, as well as future curriculum development. Results: We recruited a core group of 9 PH researchers, teachers and professionals from all career levels from participants of introductory session presentations in different settings (e.g., 14th EPHC, ASPHER Retreat). The core group met once a month for one year online, and each meeting took the form of co-working sessions in breakout rooms to develop the syllabi based on interest and expertise. We designed a qualitative online survey to evaluate and ensure the scientific rigor and pedagogical value of the syllabi. We invited critical and constructive input from ASPHER member school professionals with expertise in intersectionality, diversity or curriculum development in PH in terms of content and pedagogy. Conclusions: Drawing from the expertise of the PH community we combined diverse professional and cultural backgrounds, experiences from different career levels and PH education systems, as well as specialisation in the PH field. The transformative pedagogical approach was considered particularly valuable in strengthening competences such as reflexive strategies and self-, social- and global awareness which are key to teaching on diversity and intersectionality issues. The peerreview structure supports the uptake in PH education and a sustainable implementation. The collection will also allow PH faculty to diversify their pedagogical approa
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- 2022
8. Exploring gendered practices by social position in epidemiology: the gender score applied to Germany
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Wandschneider, L, primary, Sauzet, O, additional, Razum, O, additional, and Miani, C, additional
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- 2021
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9. An introductory course on social identities and their importance in public health
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Wandschneider, L, primary, Namer, Y, additional, Siepmann, I, additional, Khutan, R, additional, Otok, R, additional, Middleton, J, additional, Razum, O, additional, and Selig, S, additional
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- 2021
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10. Birth integrity through the lens of medicalization, risk, embodiment and intersectionality
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Batram-Zantvoort, S, primary, Razum, O, additional, and Miani, C, additional
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- 2021
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11. Myths of ‘good motherhood’ and the wellbeing of mothers during the Covid-19 pandemic
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Batram-Zantvoort, S, primary, Wandschneider, L, additional, Razum, O, additional, and Miani, C, additional
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- 2021
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12. The role of Inclusionary Othering in Public Health
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Akbulut, N, primary and Razum, O, additional
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- 2021
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13. Intersectional inequalities in physical and mental health by sex, gender and immigration in Germany.
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Wandschneider, L., Miani, C., and Razum, O.
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HEALTH services accessibility ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,HEALTH status indicators ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,SEX distribution ,PSYCHOLOGY of immigrants - Abstract
Background: The mapping of migration-related health inequalities remains challenging, since immigrant populations constitute a heterogenous socially constructed group whose health experiences differ by social determinants of health. In spite of the increasing awareness that population mobility and its effects on health are highly gendered, an explicit gender perspective in epidemiology is often lacking or limited. Methods: To map health inequalities in Germany at the intersection of sex, gender and immigration status, we used data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP) and applied an intercategorical intersectional approach conducting multilevel linear regression models. We differentiated between sex (male/female) as reported in the survey and gendered social practices, quantified through a gender score (femininitymasculinity continuum). Results: We included 20,897 participants in our analyses. We saw an intersectional gradient for physical and mental health. Compared to the reference group, i.e. non-immigrant men with masculine gendered practices, physical and mental health steadily decreased in the intersectional groups that did not embody one or more of these social positions. The highest decreases in health were observed in the intersectional group of immigrant women with feminine gendered practices for physical health (-1.54 CI -2.41;-0.79) and among non-immigrant women with feminine practices for mental health (-2.71 CI -3.19;-2.14). Conclusions: We saw differentiated patterns of physical and mental health along the intersectional axes of sex, gender and immigration status, both for physical and mental health. These findings highlight the relevance of these intersections in describing population health statuses and emphasise the need to take them into account when designing public health policies aiming at effectively reducing health inequalities. Key messages: Being a man and having masculine gendered practices were associated with higher mental and physical health scores, for both immigrants and non-immigrants. Adopting an intersectional perspective, which takes into account social positions (e.g. gender, immigration status) and their impact on health inequalities, can help to target public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
14. War and peace in public health education and training: a scoping review.
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Wandschneider L, Nowak A, Miller M, Grün A, Namer Y, Bochenek T, Balwicki L, Razum O, and Cunningham C
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- Humans, Curriculum, Education, Public Health Professional organization & administration, Europe, Armed Conflicts, Public Health education, Warfare
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Background: Armed conflict and war are public health disasters. Public health action has a crucial role in conflict-related emergencies and rehabilitation but also in war prevention and peace promotion. Translating this into public health training and competencies has just started to emerge, especially in Europe., Methods: We conducted a Scoping Review to map and identify the role of public health education and training of public health workforce relating to the prevention of war and promoting peace, as reflected in the scientific literature. We searched in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science Core Collections as well as the reference list of included material in English, German and Polish. Focusing initially on the European region, we later expanded the search outside of Europe., Results: We included 7 publications from opinion pieces to an empirical assessment of curricula and training. The educational programs were predominantly short-term and extra-curricular in postgraduate courses addressing both public health professionals in conflict-affected countries as well as countries not directly affected by war. Publications focused on public health action in times of war, without specifying the context and type of war or armed conflict. Competencies taught focused on emergency response and multi-disciplinary collaboration during emergencies, frequently drawing on experience and examples from natural disaster and disease outbreak management., Conclusions: The scientific discourse on competences in public health education for times of war and for the promotion of peace, predominately focuses on immediate emergency response actions. The prevention of war and the promotion of peace are missing foci, that need to feature more prominently in public health training. Public Health Education and training should ensure that war prevention and peace promotion, as well as public health action in times of war, are included in their competencies for public health professionals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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15. What Self-Management Skills Do Turkish Caregivers Have in Caring for People with Dementia? Results of a Qualitative Survey.
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Yilmaz-Aslan Y, Annac K, Aksakal T, Yilmaz H, Merz S, Wahidie D, Razum O, Brzoska P, and Tezcan-Güntekin H
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Family caregivers can be overwhelmed by the care they provide within the family without external support. The development of self-management skills and the associated ability to actively and responsibly manage one's own health or illness situation therefore plays a vital role in the home care of people living with dementia. As part of an individualized intervention for family caregivers of people of Turkish origin with dementia, existing self-management skills were examined through qualitative interviews to gain insight into health literacy and empowerment in caregiving and in interviewees' own practices to maintain their health. Ten caregivers of Turkish origin who were responsible for family members living with dementia were interviewed using problem-centered interviews. We found that the target group has very heterogeneous self-management competencies, which are based, on the one hand, on existing supportive resources and, on the other hand, on diverse care-specific, psychosocial and life-world challenges in intrafamily care that have not been overcome. Self-management skills in family caregivers are influenced by a complex interplay of both available resources that support these skills and challenging caregiving situations. This dynamic combination of resources and challenges results in varying levels of self-management ability among family caregivers. Strengthening resources can help caregivers to meet the challenges resulting from caregiving and to expand their self-management competencies. There is great need for action in promoting self-management skills among Turkish caregivers of people living with dementia in home care. Interventions to promote self-management skills must take into account the individual resources of those affected as well as their social and cultural diversity.
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- 2024
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16. Barriers and drivers to COVID-19 vaccination among the migrant and non-migrant population in Germany, 2021.
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Wulkotte E, Schmid-Küpke N, Bozorgmehr K, Razum O, Wichmann O, and Neufeind J
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- Humans, Germany, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adolescent, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Transients and Migrants statistics & numerical data, Transients and Migrants psychology, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, Vaccination psychology
- Abstract
Background: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, immunization programmes struggled to reach all population groups equally. While migrant groups face multiple barriers to health systems, including vaccination, little is known about their vaccine uptake., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey on adults with and without migration history in Germany to investigate barriers and drivers to COVID-19 vaccination (11 April 2021 to 18 December 2021). Interviews were conducted in six languages. We used logistic regression models and a mediation model to analyze the association between migration history and vaccine uptake. Furthermore, we determined the effect of psychological determinants (5C model) on vaccine uptake., Results: The survey comprised 2039 individuals, including 1015 with migration history. Of these, 448 were interviews conducted in languages other than German. Individuals with migration history had a significantly lower vaccine uptake but, while still unvaccinated, had a higher intention to get vaccinated (P = 0.015) compared with those without migration history. The association between migration history and vaccine uptake was no longer significant when other factors were included in the regression model (odds ratio = 0.9; 95% confidence interval: 0.57-1.47). Socio-economic index, language skills and discrimination experience fully mediated this association. Among the psychological determinants, 'higher confidence' and 'higher collective responsibility' increased the chance of individuals with migration history to be vaccinated., Conclusion: Migration history alone cannot explain vaccine uptake; socio-economic index, language skills and discrimination experiences need to be considered. To achieve vaccine equity, future public health policy should aim to reduce relevant barriers through tailored interventions., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.)
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- 2024
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17. Capacity building in migration and health in higher education: lessons from five European countries.
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Diaz E, Gimeno-Feliu LA, Czapka E, Suurmond J, Razum O, and Kumar BN
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Capacity building in migration and health in higher education is key to better, sustainable, and equitable health care provision. However, developments so far have been patchy, non-structural, and often unsustainable. While training programs have been evaluated and competency standards developed, perspectives from individual teachers are hardly accessible. We present expert perspectives from five European countries to illustrate good examples in higher education and identify gaps to further the advancement of capacity building in migration and health. Based on these perspectives, we have identified thematic areas at four levels: conceptual evolution, policy and implementation, organization at the academic level and teaching materials and pedagogies. Finally, we propose creating spaces to share concrete educational practices and experiences for adaptation and replication. We summarize key recommendations for the advancement of capacity building in migration and health., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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18. Gaza Ceasefire: Improve WASH, Promote Cooperation.
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Razum O, Agha H, Davidovitch N, McCall T, and Shapira S
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- Humans, Middle East, Hygiene, International Cooperation, Wildfires
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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19. [Self-help measures as determinants of emergency department utilization among people with and without a migration history in Germany].
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Trümmler J, Razum O, Poetter AR, and Sauzet O
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- Humans, Germany, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Adolescent, Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Patient Acceptance of Health Care ethnology, Transients and Migrants statistics & numerical data, Self Care statistics & numerical data, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data
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Introduction: We analyzed whether there were differences between people with and without migration history in their implementation of self-help measures before they accessed the services of an emergency department and if there was an association between self-help measures and an appropriate utilization of emergency departments., Methods: The data basis of this secondary analysis is the EUMaR study, which was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019 and aimed to identify causes contributing to inappropriate and frequent use of emergency departments by migrants. Our study aimed to analyze the differences in self-help measures carried out by the population groups using several multiple logistic regressions. The association between self-help measures implemented and appropriate emergency department utilization was quantified using a multiple logistic regression as well as interactions., Results: The odds of first-generation migrants visiting an emergency department on their own initiative (OR=1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.61) was high compared to people without migrant history. Furthermore, the odds of their doing something by themselves against their complaints (OR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.86) were low. The odds of appropriate utilization of emergency services by respondents who self-initiated a visit to an emergency department were lower (OR=0.41; 95% CI, 0.34-0.50). The odds of appropriate utilization of emergency department services by respondents who had previously measured vital signs (e. g., blood pressure) were higher (OR=1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.59)., Conclusion: Barriers to the health care system as well as to general practitioners, medicines or medical aids among first-generation migrants could explain the increased odds of their visiting an emergency department on their own and the lower odds of their doing something by themselves about their complaints. A hypothesis of our study is that measuring vital signs may help to better assess individual health status., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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20. Influence of appropriate emergency department utilization and verbal communication on physicians' (dis)satisfaction with doctor-patient interactions with special consideration of migrational backgrounds.
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Pötter AR, Sauzet O, Borde T, Naghavi B, Razum O, Sehouli J, Somasundaram R, Stein H, and David M
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Germany, Berlin, Attitude of Health Personnel, Physician-Patient Relations, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Communication
- Abstract
In recent years, utilization of emergency departments (EDs) has increased continuously, both in Germany and internationally. Inappropriate use of EDs is believed to be partly responsible for this trend. The topic of doctor-patient interaction (DPI) has received little attention in research. However, successful DPI is not only important for adherence and treatment success, but also for the satisfaction of medical staff. This non-interventionl cross-sectional study attempts to identify factors influencing physicians' satisfaction with DPIs, with a particular focus on the appropriate utilization of EDs and verbal communication. We carried out tripartite data collection in three EDs of major referral hospitals in Berlin between July 2017 and July 2018. Migration experience, communication and language problems, level of education, and a large gap between physicians' and patients' perceived urgency regarding the utilization of EDs influence the quality of the doctor-patient relationships and interactions., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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21. Children on the Gaza-Israel Border: Victims of War.
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Paltiel O, Manor O, Calderon Margalit R, Baron Epel O, Bar Zeev Y, Berry E, Clarfield AM, Dann EJ, Davidovitch N, Donchin M, Green M, Hochner H, Neumark Y, Nitzan D, Paltiel A, Razum O, Rosen B, and Rudolf M
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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22. Germany's new asylum legislation poses a threat to refugees' health.
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Zielke J, Offe J, and Razum O
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- Humans, Public Policy, Germany, Refugees, Transients and Migrants
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- 2024
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23. Factors Facilitating and Inhibiting the Implementation of Telerehabilitation-A Scoping Review.
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Stampa S, Thienel C, Tokgöz P, Razum O, and Dockweiler C
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Due to the coronavirus pandemic, telerehabilitation has become increasingly important worldwide. While the effectiveness of telerehabilitation is considered proven for many indications, there is comparatively little knowledge about the implementation conditions. Therefore, this scoping review summarises the current state of facilitating and inhibiting factors that may influence the uptake of telerehabilitation. The review follows the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The article search was carried out in five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and Psyndex) in May 2022, with an update in October 2023. Two independent researchers identified relevant studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research served as the theoretical basis for the categorisation of the facilitating and inhibiting criteria in the organisational context. A total of 28 studies (timespan 2012 to 2023) have been included. The most relevant barriers identified are technical issues and a lack of technical skills. The factors considered most favourable for implementation are patients' motivation and the involvement of high-level leaders. The results provide clear indications of factors that inhibit and facilitate implementation, but also show that further research is needed.
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- 2024
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24. Statement of the ASPHER Task Force on War and Public Health on the Conflict in Israel/Palestine.
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Razum O, Barach P, Bochenek T, Cunningham C, Davidovitch N, Kostoulas P, Lindert J, Lopes H, Prikazsky V, Reid J, Tiljak MK, and Middleton J
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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25. [Supporting rehabilitation facilities in implementing diversity-sensitive care: Development of the DiversityKAT manual].
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Aksakal T, Mader M, Erdsiek F, Annac K, Padberg D, Yılmaz-Aslan Y, Razum O, and Brzoska P
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- Humans, Germany, Gender Identity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rehabilitation Centers, Delivery of Health Care
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Background: Expectations regarding health care including rehabilitation differ depending on age, gender, and also the migration history of the patient population. To meet the diverse expectations, health care needs to be diversity-sensitive, which can have a positive effect on the utilization and outcomes of care. Diversity-sensitive care, however, should take into consideration not only the expectations of diverse patient groups but also the opportunities and challenges offered by diversity of staff. Managers of health care facilities and health care staff in Germany are well aware of the need for diversity-sensitive care, but corresponding measures, so far, have been applied rarely and only unsystematically. The aim of the study was to develop a manual consisting of a catalogue of instruments and a guideline that can support rehabilitation facilities in implementing diversity-sensitive care., Methods: A mixed methods approach was used for the study. Based on a scoping review, suitable instruments (n=34) were identified that can be used for the implementation of diversity-sensitive health care. Consensus on a draft of the manual was then reached in seven focus group discussions with health care staff (n=44) and a discussion circle consisting of n=5 representatives of the rehabilitation providers., Results: The DiversityKAT manual, which was developed in a participatory manner, presents diversity-sensitive tools, including instructions, questionnaires, checklists and concepts that can be used to take into account the diversity of needs and expectations in everyday health care. In line with the feedback from health care staff, the manual includes information that can be used as a step-by-step guide to select and implement appropriate tools. At the request of the staff and the rehabilitation providers, exemplary case descriptions were added to present the use of selected instruments in specific situations. A matrix was developed for purposes of quick orientation and pre-selection of suitable instruments., Discussion: Through practice-oriented advice and low-threshold guidance, the DiversityKAT -manual can increase user orientation in rehabilitation but needs to be further examined in future evaluation studies., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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26. Prevention of War: A Scoping Review on Primary Preventive Measures in Public Health.
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Brake TM and Razum O
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Objectives: Wars and armed conflicts have a major impact on population health. As the discipline of public health aims to increase the health at population level, professionals play a significant role in dealing with war and armed conflict. There is need for research on prevention. This study aims to map the literature on existing public health approaches addressing the primary prevention of war and/or armed conflict. Methods: We performed a scoping review in the databases Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, followed by a narrative synthesis. Results: We included 15 studies. We identified three main themes regarding preventive measures: 1) research on root causes of conflicts, surveillance and documentation of its health consequences; 2) education and awareness raising on the consequences of conflicts; and 3) interventions to change socio-economic and political conditions conducive to conflicts. Conclusion: A two-tiered conceptual framework emerges: For primary prevention of war, public health should promote human rights and the rule of law. To prevent armed conflict within states, public health should address the social determinants of health and aim to reduce poverty and inequity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Brake and Razum.)
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- 2024
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27. ASPHER Statement: A New Public Health Curriculum for a "New Normal".
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Codd M, Barros H, Davidovitch N, Razum O, Mabhala M, Kostoulas P, Kujundžic Tiljak M, Lyubomirova K, Conyard KF, Popoola O, Ahmad MM, Leighton L, Otok R, and Signorelli C
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Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.
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- 2023
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28. A critical review: developing a birth integrity framework for epidemiological studies through meta-ethnography.
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Batram-Zantvoort S, Wandschneider L, Razum O, and Miani C
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- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Quality of Health Care, Attitude of Health Personnel, Delivery, Obstetric, Anthropology, Cultural, Epidemiologic Studies, Parturition, Maternal Health Services
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Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence that women worldwide experience sub-standard care during facility-based childbirth. With this critical review, we synthesize concepts and measurement approaches used to assess maternity care conditions and provision, birth experiences and perceptions in epidemiological, quantitative research studies (e.g., obstetric violence, maternal satisfaction, disrespect or mistreatment during childbirth, person-centered care), aiming to propose an umbrella concept and framework under which the existing and future research strands can be situated. On the 82 studies included, we conduct a meta-ethnography (ME) using reciprocal translation, in-line argumentation, and higher-level synthesis to propose the birth integrity multilevel framework. We perform ME steps for the conceptual level and the measurement level. At the conceptual level, we organize the studies according to the similarity of approaches into clusters and derive key concepts (definitions). Then, we 'translate' the clusters into one another by elaborating each approach's specific angle and pointing out the affinities and differences between the clusters. Finally, we present an in-line argumentation that prepares ground for the synthesis. At the measurement level, we identify themes from items through content analysis, then organize themes into 14 categories and subthemes. Finally, we synthesize our result to the six-field, macro-to-micro level birth integrity framework that helps to analytically distinguish between the interwoven contributing factors that influence the birth situation as such and the integrity of those giving birth. The framework can guide survey development, interviews, or interventional studies., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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29. [Othering in the context of migration: how Others emerge from social categories].
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Akbulut N and Razum O
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- Humans, Germany, Transients and Migrants
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'Migrants' and 'refugees' are often categorized as Other, in a process called Othering. Using the example of forced migration, we develop a definition of Othering to make it useful for the analysis of health inequalities. We consider Othering as a social process that constructs and classifies differences in such a way that certain groups become socially visible as essential Others. On one hand, the process of Othering operates through a discursive practice that constructs differences, thereby transforming individuals into visible Others. On the other hand, it is based on a power asymmetry that enables the categorization of people, thereby marking them as different.Othering is not solely based on negative attitudes of individuals or groups. Rather, Othering is the result of a broad and historically evolved system of beliefs that gain credibility through power relations. Thus, we understand Othering as a powerful process that goes substantially beyond concepts of discrimination based on mere categorization processes. The concept of Othering stands out from other concepts of inequality by including the epistemic level as a key factor for inequality. Othering not only produces the Other epistemologically, but at the same time establishes a discursive legitimation for the unequal treatment of the Other.Drawing upon our understanding of Othering, we present practice-related findings on the consequences of Othering for the healthcare of 'migrants' and 'refugees'., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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30. [Life course epidemiology in migrant health research].
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Spallek J, Zeeb H, and Razum O
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- Child, Humans, Germany epidemiology, Life Change Events, Epidemiologic Studies, Transients and Migrants
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From free choice to forced flight, there are many reasons for migration. Accordingly, the backgrounds and living conditions of migrating people are also diverse. The different associated exposures affect the health of migrants and their children. To capture such a complex phenomenon, an approach is required that takes specific living conditions during the life course of migrants into account.An established methodological approach that can accomplish this is life course epidemiology. When applied to migrating populations, it examines exposures before, during, and after migration. In epidemiological research on the health of migrant populations, it is desirable to consider all three phases. This is countered by the fact that reliable data on the entire life course is not always available.A valid, timely collection and data protection-compliant linkage of longitudinal data from different sources can improve life course-related research on the health of migrants in Germany. In the future, corresponding data should also be included from the countries of origin of migrants., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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31. Type of Refugee Accommodation and Health of Residents: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Cluster Analysis in South-West Germany.
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Mohsenpour A, Dudek V, Bozorgmehr K, Biddle L, Razum O, and Sauzet O
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Germany, Algorithms, Cluster Analysis, Refugees
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Objectives: Few studies have assessed whether refugees' health is associated with accommodation characteristics. We aimed to devise a typology of refugee accommodation based on variables on the accommodation and its physical context before assessing its association with health in multivariate analyses. Methods: We performed a cluster analysis based on a hierarchal, agglomerative clustering algorithm using Euclidean Distance and Ward's method. We analysed accommodation clusters based on number of inhabitants, degree of housing deterioration, urbanity of location (urban/rural distinction), and remoteness (walking distance to shops, medical or administrative services). In total, we analysed health and accommodation data of 412 refugees and asylum seekers from 58 different accommodation facilities in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg in the south-west of Germany. Results: Accommodations with a moderate occupation, lowest levels of deterioration, and a central urban location showed the best health outcomes in terms of subjective general health status, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Associations were strongest for GAD and weakest for depression. Conclusion: Our findings inform policymakers on layout and location of refugee collective accommodation centres., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Mohsenpour, Dudek, Bozorgmehr, Biddle, Razum and Sauzet.)
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- 2023
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32. [Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: Are there risk groups for reduced subjective well-being after the first lockdown?]
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Finne E and Razum O
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- Humans, Pandemics prevention & control, Communicable Disease Control, Germany epidemiology, Health Status, COVID-19 epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Measures to contain COVID-19 have created burdens that have widened health inequalities. We examine the extent to which risk groups for reduced subjective well-being can be identified after the 2020 lockdown. In doing so, we also consider possible interactions of different social grouping characteristics as part of an intersectional approach., Method: Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data from the years 2018-2020 were analyzed. A total of 16,000 cases with information on changes in well-being (SF-12 scores and individual indicators) were included in the analyses. We use the classification method "random forests" to identify groups with different trends in well-being. For the interpretation of the content, we also present results from a regression model with social and health aspects as predictors., Results: Demographic and social characteristics explained only a very small part of the changes in subjective well-being (R
2 = 0.007-0.012) and did not allow for the differentiation of homogeneous risk groups. Although some significant predictors were found in the regression models, the corresponding effects were mostly small. In addition to the initial state of well-being before the pandemic began, the presence of chronic illnesses and disabilities in particular contributed to the explanation of subjective well-being., Discussion: The currently available data do not allow a clear identification of risk groups for losses in well-being in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health status before the onset of the pandemic appears to be more important for short-term changes in subjective well-being than socio-demographic and socio-economic categorization characteristics., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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33. Operationalising masculinities in theories and practices of gender-transformative health interventions: a scoping review.
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Zielke J, Batram-Zantvoort S, Razum O, and Miani C
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- Male, Humans, Social Change, Masculinity, Men
- Abstract
Gender-transformative health interventions that involve men and boys are gaining global reach, adaptability to specific geographical, population and epidemiological contexts, public endorsement, and conceptual sophistication. However, the ways in which masculinities are conceptualised and operationalised in theory and practice across these interventions remains unclear. The purpose of this scoping review is to map intervention studies that conceptually grapple with masculinities and analyse: a) how the concept of masculinities is adapted and operationalised in gender-transformative interventions, with respect to intervention population and context, b) what the relationship between the concept of masculinities and its wider theoretical embedding is, and c) on which levels transformation can be observed when working with 'masculinities'.We conducted a search in APA Psych Articles, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL via EBSCO, MedLine, PubMed, and Web of Sciences (December 2021) looking for peer-reviewed studies on gender-transformative health interventions which engaged with masculinities conceptually. There were no restrictions regarding language, publication date, or geography. Forty-two articles were included in this review. Our abductive analysis finds that 'hegemonic masculinities' is a central concept in almost all included studies. This shows how the concept is adaptable to a range of different intervention contexts. The review further identifies five theoretical approaches, that help operationalise masculinities on an analytical level: feminist framework, affect theory, critical pedagogy, theories of social change, and ecological approaches. Lastly, this review draws out six levels on which transformation can be observed in the intervention outcomes: relational level, symbolic level, material level, affective level, cognitive-behavioural level, and community-structural level. The discussion underlines that processes and practices of (gender) transformation also require engagement with theories of transformation more widely and advocates for theoretical pluralism. Lastly, implications for practice, including preventative, ecological and community-based care models, are drawn out., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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34. Associations between postmigration living situation and symptoms of common mental disorders in adult refugees in Europe: updating systematic review from 2015 onwards.
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Nowak AC, Nutsch N, Brake TM, Gehrlein LM, and Razum O
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- Adult, Humans, Anxiety epidemiology, Mental Health, Europe epidemiology, Refugees psychology, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Refugees and asylum seekers have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. The postmigration context inheres different risk and protective factors for mental health of refugees and asylum seekers in host countries. We conducted a systematic review to update knowledge on the association between characteristics of the postmigration living situation (PMLS) and mental health outcomes in Europe since 2015., Methods: We searched in five databases according to the PRISMA statement. From a total of 5,579 relevant studies published in 2015-22, 3,839 were included for title and abstract screening, and 70 full texts screened for eligibility. Out of these, 19 studies on refugees and asylum seekers conducted in European countries after 2014 were included in this systematic review. The quality of studies was assessed by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) - version 2018. We performed a narrative synthesis using the four layers of the social determinants of health framework., Results: A wide range of risk and protective factors for mental health in the PMLS were identified as exposure measures, which included individual factors (e.g., language skills), social and community networks (e.g., family concerns, loneliness and social support, discrimination), living and working conditions (e.g., legal status, duration of residence, unemployment and financial hardship, housing) as well as general socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors (e.g., social status, acculturation). We found postmigration stressors are positively associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, albeit not consistently so. Especially, the general socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors showed weak associations with mental health., Conclusions: Heterogenous study characteristics likely explain the inconsistent associations between characteristics of the PMLS and mental health outcomes. However, broken down in its component layers, most risk and protective factors of the PMLS were significantly associated with symptoms of mental disorders showing the same direction of association across the included studies, while the association between some stressors or resources of the PMLS and mental health turns out to be less homogeneous than expected. Characteristics of the PMLS contribute to the high prevalence of mental diseases of refugees and asylum seekers. Disadvantages in general socio-economic conditions, living and working conditions, in access to social and community networks need to be redressed, in addition to better access to health care., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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35. Exploring the Significance of Legal Status on Refugees' and Asylum Seekers' Access to Health Care in Germany-A Mixed-Method Study.
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Nowak AC, Razum O, and Hornberg C
- Subjects
- Humans, Health Services Accessibility, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Facilities, Germany, Refugees
- Abstract
Objectives: The study aims to investigate the significance of legal status for well-being and access to and use of needs-based health care by asylum seekers and refugees in Germany. Methods: Using a mixed-method-design, we first conducted a cross-sectional study to explore access to health care and unmet needs of refugees and asylum seekers and legal status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. For the qualitative study a heterogeneous sample was recruited from the quantitative data. Interviews were analysed using a deductive-inductive approach. Results: Quantitative results showed that health care utilisation was associated with an unsecure legal status but not with unmet care needs. The in-depth qualitative study revealed that the legal status determines experiences of structural violence that can negatively affect well-being and associated access to health care. Conclusion: An insecure legal status can affect access to health care for refugees and asylum seekers. In order to improve health, changes in living conditions and the removal of access barriers are necessary., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Nowak, Razum and Hornberg.)
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- 2023
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36. Polio-philanthropy in Africa: A narrative review.
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Amzat J, Razum O, and Kanmodi KK
- Abstract
Background and Aim: Polio eradication efforts including polio-philanthropy have been coordinated and sustained since 1988, with the introduction of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). The polio fight is sustained in the name of evidence-based benevolence or beneficent philanthropy from which Africa has benefited immensely. With the recorded polio cases as of 2023, more efforts and funds are required to eradicate polio. Hence, it is not yet "Uhuru." Using the Mertonian lens, this study examines polio-philanthropy in Africa, its unintended consequences, and crucial dilemmas, which could impact the polio fight and polio-philanthropy., Methods: This is a narrative review that relies on secondary sources obtained through a thorough literature search. Only studies published in English were utilized. The study synthesized relevant literature in line with the study objective. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, philosopher's index, web of knowledge, Google Scholar, and Sociological Abstracts. Both empirical and theoretical studies were utilized for the study., Results: Despite significant achievements, the global initiative has shortcomings when examined through the Mertonian lens of manifest and latent functions. The GPEI sets a unilinear goal within multiple challenges. The activities of the philanthropic giants manifest in disempowering rigor, multisectoral neglect, and parallel (health) systems, sometimes, inimical to the national health system. Most philanthropic giants often operate vertically. It is observed that, apart from funding, the last phase of polio-philanthropy will be defined by some crucial factors, the 4Cs: Communicable disease outbreaks, Conflict, Climate-related disasters, and Conspiracy theory, which could impact the prevalence or resurgence of polio., Conclusion: The polio fight will benefit from the persistent drive to reach the finish line as scheduled. The latent consequences or dysfunctions are general lessons for GPEI and other global health initiatives. Therefore, decision-makers should calculate the net balance of consequences within global health philanthropy for appropriate mitigation., Competing Interests: Kehinde K. Kanmodi is an Editorial Board member of Health Science Reports and a coauthor of this article. To minimize bias, they were excluded from all editorial decision‐making related to the acceptance of this article for publication. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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37. Psychosocial Attributes of Housing and Their Relationship With Health Among Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Populations in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review.
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Brake TM, Dudek V, Sauzet O, and Razum O
- Abstract
Objectives: Housing as a social determinant of health should provide not only shelter, but also a feeling of home. We explored psychosocial pathways creating a sense of home and influencing the relationship between housing and health among asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in high-income countries. Methods: We performed a systematic review. To be included, studies had to be peer-reviewed, published between 1995 and 2022, and focus on housing and health of ASR in high-income countries. We conducted a narrative synthesis. Results: 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. The psychosocial attributes influencing health most often identified were control , followed by expressing status , satisfaction , and demand . Most attributes overlap with material/physical attributes and have an impact on ASR's mental health. They are closely interconnected with each other. Conclusion: Psychosocial attributes of housing play an essential role in the health of ASR; they are closely associated with material/physical attributes. Therefore, future research on housing and health of ASR should routinely study psychosocial attributes, but always in association with physical ones. The connections between these attributes are complex and need to be further explored. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021239495., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Brake, Dudek, Sauzet and Razum.)
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- 2023
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38. Universities should lead on the plant-based dietary transition.
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Krattenmacher J, Casal P, Dutkiewicz J, Huchard E, Sanders E, Treich N, Wadiwel D, Williams A, Bègue L, Cardilini APA, Dhont K, Dugnoille J, Espinosa R, Gagliano M, Lairon D, Maheta M, Mendez L, Nowicki P, Quinn TP, Razum O, Ripple WJ, Rothgerber H, and Twine R
- Subjects
- Universities, Diet, Feeding Behavior
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- 2023
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39. Recommendations for collecting and analysing migration-related determinants in public health research.
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Kajikhina K, Koschollek C, Sarma N, Bug M, Wengler A, Bozorgmehr K, Razum O, Borde T, Schenk L, Zimmermann R, and Hövener C
- Abstract
Background: According to the definition of the German Federal Statistical Office, about every fourth person living in Germany has a so-called migration background (MB), i.e., the person or at least one of their parents was born without German citizenship. However, MB has been defined differently in many studies. Also, the MB summarises people in different living situations, making differentiated analysis in health science more difficult. This article formulates recommendations for the collection and analysis of migration-related, as well as social and structural, determinants of health., Indicators for Capturing Relevant Determinants of Health: As part of the Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations project (IMIRA), the previous approaches to operationalise and measure migration-related determinants were revised based on literature research and exchange formats, such as workshops, meetings, congress contributions, etc. Instead of MB, the country of birth of the respondents and their parents, duration of residence, citizenship(s), residence status, and German language proficiency should be recorded as minimum indicators and analysed as individual variables. Further social and structural determinants, such as socioeconomic position, working and housing conditions, or self-reported discrimination, should be included., Conclusions: In order to describe health inequalities and to specifically identify the needs of people with a history of migration, a mutual and differentiated consideration of migration-related and social determinants of health is essential., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors declared no conflicts of interest., (© Robert Koch Institute. All rights reserved unless explicitly granted.)
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- 2023
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40. [Workload and Rehabilitation Needs of Older Workers with and without Migrant Background - Results of the lidA Cohort Study].
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Schönfeld S, Schröder CC, Prel JD, Razum O, and Breckenkamp J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Prospective Studies, Workload, Germany epidemiology, Transients and Migrants
- Abstract
Background: The need for rehabilitation measures will increase in the future due to increasing retirement age and demographic changes. In addition, the need for rehabilitation measures is determined, among other things, by the strenuousness of work. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether employees with a migrant background (EmM) are exposed to strenuous work more often and have a higher need for rehabilitation than employees without a migrant background (EoM)., Material and Methods: The lidA study is a nationwide, prospective cohort study focusing on work, age, health and labour force participation. Study subjects (2443 female, 2281 male) were socially secured employees, born in 1959 or 1965. They were personally interviewed with computer assistance. Data from the first study wave (2011) were used. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education and household equivalent income) were carried out to estimate the influence of migrant background, nationality and high workloads on the need for rehabilitation., Results: First generation EmMs were particularly affected by high workloads compared to EoM. The subjectively experienced workloads of EoM and EmM of the second generation were on a comparable level. In contrast, there were no differences between EmM with German and foreign citizenship. After adjustment for sociodemographic and workload-related factors, a higher need for rehabilitation was shown for the first-generation EmM (not significant) in comparison with the second-generation EoM and EmM, but not for EmM with foreign citizenship in comparison with EmM with German citizenship., Discussion: First-generation EmMs are exposed to strenuous work significantly more often and have a higher need for rehabilitation. However, the migrant background itself is not a determinant for increased rehabilitation needs. The significantly higher need for rehabilitation can rather be explained by the strenuousness of work and socio-demographic characteristics that are more frequent in first-generation EmM. Differentiated considerations of the subgroups of EmM are important to identify special needs and to avoid undersupply (e. g. due to access barriers)., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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41. [Implementation Strategies of Diversity-Sensitive Health Care and Administration - A Nationwide Postal Survey of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities].
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Aksakal T, Erdsiek F, Yılmaz-Aslan Y, Mader M, Padberg D, Razum O, and Brzoska P
- Subjects
- Humans, Germany, Delivery of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Inpatients, Rehabilitation Centers
- Abstract
Background: Diversity characteristics such as disability, gender, age or migration background are associated with different expectations towards health care. If these are not sufficiently considered in rehabilitative care, this may have a negative impact on the satisfaction with and outcomes of health care. Sensitivity towards the diversity of patients can promote patient-centered health care by helping to address different needs and expectations. The aim of the present study was to examine what measures inpatient rehabilitation facilities in Germany use to provide diversity-sensitive health care and which barriers prevent their proper implementation., Methods: Between May and August 2019, administrative managers of rehabilitation facilities were invited to participate in a nationwide postal questionnaire survey (n=1,233). The questionnaire included questions on addressing the diversity of employees and rehabilitation patients. Responses were received from a total of 223 inpatient rehabilitation facilities (response rate: 18.9%). Results were analyzed descriptively., Results: The survey shows that diversity-sensitive health care is a relevant topic for many rehabilitation facilities. It is regarded particularly important for the satisfaction of rehabilitation patients, treatment outcomes and employee satisfaction. Obstacles to the implementation of diversity-sensitive care comprise a lack of incentives on the part of health care organization, a lack of financial resources and organizational difficulties., Discussion: The majority of the administrative managers surveyed acknowledge the relevance of diversity-sensitive care. Instruments enabling it, however, are used only sparingly and unsystematically. To promote diversity-sensitive care, health care facilities need support in competence building and in selecting and implementing appropriate measures. A handbook with instructions on how diversity-sensitive care can be implemented can contribute to that goal., Competing Interests: Die Autor*innen geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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42. [A guideline on discrimination-sensitive language in research on migration and health].
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Bilgic L, Sarma N, Loer AM, Koschollek C, Bozorgmehr K, Razum O, Hövener C, and Kajikhina K
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- Humans, Germany, Public Health, Language, Transients and Migrants
- Abstract
Background: Public health research has increasingly focused on migration as a determinant of health. Responsible research in this area requires an anti-discriminatory approach in its conduct, reporting and dissemination. A discrimination-sensitive use of language is a central element. Guidelines in this regard do not yet exist for the field of public health in German-speaking countries., Methods: Within the framework of the project Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA) at the Robert Koch Institute, a guideline on anti-discriminatory language in research on migration and health was developed. It consists of a manual and an overview of relevant terms and concepts. The needs, content and form of the guideline were developed in an action research process with project staff from the IMIRA project., Results: The manual shows the following five basic principles for anti-discriminatory language use: (1) avoid generalisations, (2) formulate in a discrimination-sensitive way, (3) use self-designations and external designations, (4) recognise that terms are subject to constant change and (5) openly communicate one's own uncertainties. The overview, which is available online as a "living document", contains terms and concepts that are frequently used in association with the topic of migration., Conclusion: The guideline is intended to support researchers in using language in an anti-discriminatory way. This goes hand in hand with a reflection on one's own language use and strengthens responsible research on the topic of migration and health., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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43. Global health and health security - conflicting concepts for achieving stability through health?
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Holst J and Razum O
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- Humans, Global Health, Pandemics prevention & control, Public Health, COVID-19 epidemiology, Communicable Diseases
- Abstract
Global health has become fashionable and an important topic on the international policy agenda. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, cross-border infectious diseases had provoked a great deal of media and public interest, academic research and foreign-policy agendas. This paper analyses the relevance of health security in global health. It stresses global health as an explicitly political concept taking into consideration existing inequalities and power asymmetries. Global health represents the necessary evolution of public health in the face of ubiquitous global challenges and the growing number of international players. Some of them tend to divert global health towards technification, marketisation and privatisation, promoting biomedical reductionism and predominantly technological solutions. Overall, the current global health concept fails to adequately consider the global burden of disease, which is largely determined by non-communicable conditions. Global health goes beyond preventing infectious diseases and health security and must first and foremost focus on the social, economic, ecologic and political determination of health, which interacts with non-communicable and communicable diseases, turning them into syndemics. Health-in-all policies in a global perspective are required for sustainably reducing health inequalities within and between countries, instead of primarily focusing on security and safeguarding the status quo in a changing world.
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- 2022
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44. Racism in public health services: A research agenda.
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Namer Y, Wandschneider L, Stieglitz S, Starke D, and Razum O
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- United States, Minority Groups, Public Health, Communication, Health Services, Racism
- Abstract
Despite racism and its impact on health inequities being increasingly studied in health care settings, racism in public health services has so far been neglected in public health research. Studying racism in public health services provides many opportunities to explore the relationship between racism and health protection. We identify several research themes to be explored on (1) non-stigmatizing and community-driven risk communication, (2) surveillance by public health authorities of racialized minority groups, (3) racism experiences in everyday interactions with public health authorities, (4) legal consequences of encounters with public health authorities and (5) public health infrastructure, structural racism and the intersectionality of marginalization. Tackling these research themes will help to start building an evidence base on how racism interferes with equitable health protection and how to dismantle it., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Namer, Wandschneider, Stieglitz, Starke and Razum.)
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- 2022
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45. Why Othering should be considered in research on health inequalities: Theoretical perspectives and research needs.
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Akbulut N and Razum O
- Abstract
•Othering is relevant to public health as an analytical lens that helps to understand the link between minority status and health inequalities.•To investigate health inequalities caused by Othering, it is necessary to include the semantic-symbolic construction of Others.•Othering operates as a discursive practice and occurs on multiple levels.•Research on Othering requires consideration of intersectionality and power structures derived from socially and historically grown hierarchies.•Interventions against Othering require deconstructive concepts - this means deconstructing the institutionalized and embodied normality of the We., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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46. Diurnal cortisol variation during pregnancy in Turkish origin and non-migrant women in a German birth cohort study.
- Author
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Entringer S, Scholaske L, Kurt M, Duman EA, Adam EK, Razum O, and Spallek J
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- Birth Cohort, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Saliva, Turkey, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
- Abstract
Background: Immigrants from Turkey experience health disadvantages relative to non-immigrant populations in Germany that are manifest from the earliest stages of the lifespan onwards and are perpetuated across generations. Chronic stress and perturbations of stress-responsive physiological systems, including the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, are believed to in part mediate this relationship. Cortisol plays an important role in the association between maternal stress during pregnancy and many pregnancy-, birth- and offspring-related outcomes. We therefore examined whether maternal migrant background is associated with diurnal cortisol variation during pregnancy., Methods: 109 pregnant women (incl. n = 32 Turkish origin women) that participated in a multi-site prospective cohort study in Germany collected saliva samples across the day on two consecutive days around 24 and 32 weeks gestation. Hierarchical linear models were applied to quantify associations between migrant background and diurnal cortisol variation across pregnancy., Results: Women of Turkish origin exhibited a significantly lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) and a flatter diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) compared to non-migrant women after adjusting for household income. These relationships between migrant status and diurnal cortisol variation were mainly driven by 2nd generation migrants., Discussion: A potential HPA axis dysregulation of Turkish-origin pregnant women may contribute to the intergenerational transmission of health disadvantages in this group., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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47. Towards gender-transformative SRHR: a statement in reply to EUPHA and offer of a working definition.
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Zielke J, Strong J, Ahmed F, Miani C, Namer Y, Storey S, and Razum O
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- Humans, Reproductive Health, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Health
- Published
- 2022
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48. Corrigendum: How Can Schools of Public Health Actively Promote Peace?
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Namer Y, Wandschneider L, Middleton J, Davidovitch N, and Razum O
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604459.]., (Copyright © 2022 Namer, Wandschneider, Middleton, Davidovitch and Razum.)
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- 2022
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49. Maternal self-conception and mental wellbeing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative interview study through the lens of "intensive mothering" and "ideal worker" ideology.
- Author
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Batram-Zantvoort S, Wandschneider L, Niehues V, Razum O, and Miani C
- Abstract
Mothers tended to be responsible for most of the (additional) caregiving and domestic tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic while simultaneously having to pursue their work duties. Increased role conflicts, parenting stress, and exhaustion predict adverse mental health. We aimed to examine how women referred to and made sense of dominant gender norms in their arrangements of pandemic daily life and how these beliefs impacted their maternal self-conception. Qualitative interviews with 17 women were analyzed through the lens of "intensive mothering" ideology and "ideal workers" norms, emphasizing notions of maternal guilt rising from a perceived mismatch between the ideal and actual maternal self-conception. We found that mothers' notions of guilt and their decreases in health link to dominant discourses on motherhood and intersect with "ideal worker" norms. As such, these norms amplify the burden of gendered health inequalities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Batram-Zantvoort, Wandschneider, Niehues, Razum and Miani.)
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- 2022
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50. Development of a gender score in a representative German population sample and its association with diverse social positions.
- Author
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Wandschneider L, Sauzet O, Razum O, and Miani C
- Abstract
Background: Gender as a relational concept is rarely considered in epidemiology. However, an in-depth reflection on gender conceptualisation and operationalisation can advance gender analysis in quantitative health research, allowing for more valid evidence to support public health interventions. We constructed a context-specific gender score to assess how its discriminatory power differed in sub-groups defined by social positions relevant to intersectional analyses, i.e., sex/gender, race, class, age and sexual attraction., Methods: We created a gender score with the help of multivariable logistic regression models and conditional probabilities based on gendered social practices and expressed on a masculinity-femininity continuum, using data of the German Socioeconomic Panel. With density plots, we exploratively compared distributions of gendered social practices and their variation across social groups., Results: We included 13 gender-related variables to define a gender score in our sample ( n = 20,767). Variables on family and household structures presented with the highest weight for the gender score. When comparing social groups, we saw that young individuals, those without children, not living with a partner or currently living in a same-sex/gender partnership, showed more overlap between feminine/masculine social practices among females and males., Conclusions: The distribution of gendered social practices differs among social groups, which empirically backs up the theoretical notion of gender being a context-specific construct. Economic participation and household structures remain essential drivers of heterogeneity in practices among women and men in most social positions. The gender score can be used in epidemiology to support concerted efforts to overcome these gender (in)equalities-which are important determinants of health inequalities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wandschneider, Sauzet, Razum and Miani.)
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- 2022
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