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Introduction: Several evaluations of lifestyle interventions for childhood obesity exist; however, follow-up beyond 2 years is necessary to validate the effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate long-term weight development following children participating in one of two pragmatic family-centered lifestyle interventions treating childhood obesity. Methods: This real-life observational study included Danish children 4–17 years of age classified as having obesity. Data from 2010 to 2020, from two community-based family-centered lifestyle interventions (designated hereafter as the Aarhus- and the Randers-intervention) were merged with national registers and routine health check-ups, including height and weight. Adjusted mixed effect models were used to model changes in body mass index (BMI) z score. We performed exploratory analyses of the development in BMI z-score within stratified subgroups of children treated in the interventions before investigating potential effect modifications induced by sex, age, family structure, socioeconomic, or immigration status. Results: With a median follow-up of 2.8 years (interquartile range: 1.3; 4.8), 703 children participated in an intervention (445 the Aarhus-intervention; 258 the Randers-intervention) and 2,337 children were not invited to participate (no-intervention). Children in both interventions experienced a comparable reduction in BMI z-scores during the first 6 months compared to the no-intervention group (Aarhus-intervention: −0.12 SD/year and Randers-intervention: −0.25 SD/year). Only children in the Randers-intervention reduced their BMI z-score throughout follow-up (Aarhus-intervention vs. no-intervention: 0.01 SD/year; confidence interval [CI]: −0.01; 0.04; Randers-intervention vs. no-intervention: −0.05 SD/year; CI: −0.08; −0.02). In subgroup comparisons, combining the two interventions, family income below the median (−0.05 SD/year, CI: −0.02; −0.09), immigrant background (0.04 SD/year, CI: 0.00; 0.07), or receiving intervention less than 1 year (0.04 SD/year, CI: 0.00; 0.08) were associated with a yearly increase in BMI z score. In addition, effect modification analyses did not observe any interaction by sex, age, family structure, socioeconomic, or immigration. Conclusions: Although the more dynamic intervention with longer duration obtained and sustained a minor reduction in BMI z score, the clinical impact may only be modest and still not effective enough to induce a long-term beneficial development in BMI in children with obesity.

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is associated with impaired Quality-of-Life (QoL), increased stigmatization and higher risk of development of depression compared to their peers. This report describes the long-term development in QoL for cohort of children with obesity after a sustainable weight reduction. Methods This pragmatic descriptive intervention study enrolled 120 children with obesity, age 5–17 years, in a multifactorial lifestyle intervention. The intervention was an across sectors collaboration between a department of pediatrics and community health care workers. QoL was assessed yearly throughout the intervention and evaluated by a 6-item Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). For analyzing changes in VAS, as function BMI-SDS, regression models were used, while ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were applied for normal and not-normal distributed data. 95% confidence interval not containing 0 and p-value

Summary: Here, we describe a series of protocols detailing the steps for evaluating SARS-CoV-2 infection in models of the human eye. Included are protocols for whole eye organoid differentiation, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and processing organoids for single-cell RNA sequencing. Additional protocols describe how to dissect and culture adult human ocular cells from cadaver donor eyes and how to compare infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors using qPCR, immunofluorescence, and plaque assays.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Eriksen et al. (2021).

Introduction: Several evaluations of lifestyle interventions for childhood obesity exist; however, follow-up beyond 2 years is necessary to validate the effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate long-term weight development following children participating in one of two pragmatic family-centered lifestyle interventions treating childhood obesity. Methods: This real-life observational study included Danish children 4–17 years of age classified as having obesity. Data from 2010 to 2020, from two community-based family-centered lifestyle interventions (designated hereafter as the Aarhus- and the Randers-intervention) were merged with national registers and routine health check-ups, including height and weight. Adjusted mixed effect models were used to model changes in body mass index (BMI) z score. We performed exploratory analyses of the development in BMI z-score within stratified subgroups of children treated in the interventions before investigating potential effect modifications induced by sex, age, family structure, socioeconomic, or immigration status. Results: With a median follow-up of 2.8 years (interquartile range: 1.3; 4.8), 703 children participated in an intervention (445 the Aarhus-intervention; 258 the Randers-intervention) and 2,337 children were not invited to participate (no-intervention). Children in both interventions experienced a comparable reduction in BMI z-scores during the first 6 months compared to the no-intervention group (Aarhus-intervention: −0.12 SD/year and Randers-intervention: −0.25 SD/year). Only children in the Randers-intervention reduced their BMI z-score throughout follow-up (Aarhus-intervention vs. no-intervention: 0.01 SD/year; confidence interval [CI]: −0.01; 0.04; Randers-intervention vs. no-intervention: −0.05 SD/year; CI: −0.08; −0.02). In subgroup comparisons, combining the two interventions, family income below the median (−0.05 SD/year, CI: −0.02; −0.09), immigrant background (0.04 SD/year, CI: 0.00; 0.07), or receiving intervention less than 1 year (0.04 SD/year, CI: 0.00; 0.08) were associated with a yearly increase in BMI z score. In addition, effect modification analyses did not observe any interaction by sex, age, family structure, socioeconomic, or immigration. Conclusions: Although the more dynamic intervention with longer duration obtained and sustained a minor reduction in BMI z score, the clinical impact may only be modest and still not effective enough to induce a long-term beneficial development in BMI in children with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]