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Aim: A validated RP-HPLC method was established for the quantification of Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate according to ICH guidelines. Materials and Methods: This method utilized a Phenomenex (US) C18 column with dimensions of 250X4.6 mm I.D and a particle size of 5 µm. Employing an isocratic elution technique, the mobile phase comprised pH 3.0 phosphate buffer solution and acetonitrile. Detection occurred at a wavelength of 215 nm and a flow rate of 1 mL/min was chosen to ensure optimal resolution for Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate. Results and Discussion: Retention times were noted at 3.137 min and 5.672 min for Amlodipine and Metoprolol succinate, respectively. High correlation coefficients were achieved (0.9995 for Amlodipine and 0.9996 for Metoprolol succinate). The method exhibited precision, with low relative standard deviations of 0.357% for Amlodipine and 0.077% for Metoprolol succinate. In summary, the RP-HPLC method developed was specific, linear, precise and robust. Conclusion: The devised method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness and ruggedness. All formulations' sample recoveries were in good accordance with the claims made on their labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075 and AA2024 welded joints when friction stir welded with different reinforced materials (SiC and TiO2). The imperfection-free welds are portrayed by great mechanical blending between AA7075 and AA2024 and good, reinforced material dispensation in the stir zone. Grain refinement of weld with reinforced material is compared with weld without reinforced material. It is also observed that double-pass processed welds have coarser microstructure than a single pass. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the size and distribution of reinforced particles in the various zones of the weld. The maximum tensile strength of the joint produced with SiC reinforcement particles is 206 MPa, while the minimum tensile strength (177 MPa) was observed without reinforcement particles. A comparative study has been carried out between the friction stir welding of AA7075 and AA2024 with TiO2 and SiC reinforced material and with unreinforced material. The nanoparticles disperse within the weld zone, leading to a refined microstructure and preventing the formation of detrimental defects. This dispersion improves load-bearing capabilities, effectively increasing the tensile strength of the joint. The nanoparticles contribute to a more uniform distribution of stresses and help mitigate crack initiation and propagation. The average hardness value at the stir zone with SiC and TiO2 nanoparticles was observed as 172 HV and 164 HV, respectively, while the minimum hardness value of 147 HV was observed without nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in a thermoplastic polymer matrix is a big challenge in the research community. In the present study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were dispersed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer by a twin screw extruder to improve mechanical and thermal properties. The desired ratio of MWCNT in ABS (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were dispersed through single and double extrusion processes by a twin screw extruder. The test specimens of produced composites and pure ABS materials were prepared by micro-injection molding. The nanocomposites' mechanical and thermal properties were investigated and compared with pure ABS. It has been found that the tensile strength has increased significantly for single-extruded and double-extruded composites. A comparative study of MWCNTs reinforced ABS nanocomposites and pure ABS was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier's transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the microhardness has also increased for single- and double-extruded nanocomposites in comparison to pure ABS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of AA2024 and AZ91D and aimed to explore the effect of rotation tool speed (RTS) on welding quality and the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the welded region. The optimal welding parameters for achieving a sound weld were determined to be a traverse speed (TS) of 35 mm/min and an RTS of 700 r/min. The presence of two specific intermetallic phases, Al3Mg2 and Al12Mg17, was observed in all joints, with Al12Mg17 showing a tendency to migrate toward the weld surface adjacent to the AZ91D plate, possibly resulting in constitutional liquation during solidification. The results revealed that the morphological characteristics and input heat significantly influenced the formation of IMCs. Moreover, the study highlighted that improper selection of processing parameters, particularly using lower RTS and TS, led to the development of dense layers of IMCs, such as Al12Mg17 and Mg + Al12Mg17, within the stir zone (SZ). Consequently, this led to a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the FSWed joints. The highest UTS value of 147.26 MPa was achieved with an RTS of 700 r/min and a TS of 35 mm/min, while the lowest UTS value of 113.47 MPa was observed at an RTS of 500 r/min and a TS of 35 mm/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing is emerging as one of the manufacturing technologies, which affect the traditional supply chain management. The traditional supply chain is based on a push system, whereas an additional supply chain is based on a pull system. In this work we have found the impact of 3D printing on supply chain management, what the risks and opportunities of 3D printing on the supply chain are and, also what the companies are doing to leverages these opportunities and risks. It has been concluded that the additive supply chain has drastically changed the traditional supply chain in four key ways i.e. time, quality, speed, and environmental impact. It will result in the effective management of resources, which is of immense importance, keeping in mind the sustainable development goals of a blue-chip organization. It will be cost-effective and will reduce the lead-time of the supply chain. It will result in increased customer satisfaction, as the product will be produced by mass customization and improved quality. Moreover, this will lead to flexibility in the manufacturing process, which will enhance industrial efficiency. Therefore, we can say that this research will give us the vision of different industries in India in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be spread out in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using a twin‐screw micro‐compounding extruder. It can significantly improve the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed objects. Dispersed MWCNTs in pure ABS to develop the nanocomposites through a two‐time micro compounding extruding process. 3D printed filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm have been prepared by processing the acquired composite structure through a filament extruder. The mechanical and other properties of 3D printed pure ABS and 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process were studied for MWCNTs/ABS composites. Compared with pure ABS, the tensile and thermal properties were significant for 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of MWCNTs/ABS composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also analyzed for 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% MWCNTs/ABS composites. Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have recently been emphasized for their applications in electronics, aerospace, biomedical, and automobile engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to model and predict the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling. An L27 Taguchi array was used to associate the peculiar parameters (nozzle diameter, layer height, fill density, printing velocity, raster orientation and infill pattern) to perform experiments. A three-point bending test was executed on all samples in accordance with the ASTM D7264 standard, aimed to obtain Flexural strength and the 0.2% offset yield strength. An artificial neural network multi-parameter regression model was formed and then the model of the input-output relations developed by this network was optimised by genetic algorithm. This modelling and optimisation suggest a direct relation between choosing process parameters correctly and enhancing performance fused deposition modelling. This method provides optimal solutions for getting allotted output values. Infill pattern plays a critical role in providing strength. Infill patterns can be recommended for desired output within constraints of input factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir processing (FSP) has materialised as a significantly improved procedure for surface modification and fabrication. This has propelled its use in the industries of aerospace, automobile, and suchlike. Surface composites have many advantages over conventional composites and FSP is extensively used for their fabrication. In this study, we have compared and analysed the residual stresses of such friction stir fabricated surface composites with AA6063 as the base alloy and B4C nanoparticles as the reinforcement. Here, diethyl ether was used for the incorporation of B4C into the substrate of the base alloy. The residual stresses were measured using a portable stress analyser. The effect of the number of passes (one pass, two passes, three passes, and four passes) of FSP was studied. It was concluded that the specimen processed at 1000 rpm and three passes showed the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, measurement of residual stress induced during turning and threading operations for the fabrication of two types of pin profiled friction stir processing/welding (FSP/FSW) tools, i.e. cylindrical profiled pin tool and cylindrical threaded profiled pin tool, is being dealt with. Workpiece was chosen to be H13 tool steel with a diameter of 22 mm and 110 mm length. Turning and threading was done on CNC machine tools using CNMG 12404-THM uncoated tungsten carbide cutting tool. For residual stress measurement of the workpieces, an XRD-based Pulsetec μ -X360n portable residual stress analyzer setup was used. The experimental results show that the cylindrical pin profile tool had a compressive residual stress of σ (x) = 3 0 1 MPa and compressive residual shear stress of τ (x y) = 6 0 MPa, while the cylindrical threaded pin profile tool had a compressive residual stress of σ (x) = 4 5 7 MPa (51.8% more) and compressive residual shear stress of τ (x y) = 3 6 MPa (40% less). It has been concluded that due to threading operation on the cylindrical threaded pin profile, the value of residual stress is more in it, and since the stress is compressive in nature, it would have a better positive impact while doing FSP/FSW than that of the cylindrical profiled pin tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing processes such as casting, rolling, forging, extrusion, material removal processes, etc. are some of the common techniques used today in manufacturing industries. However, these processes must be carried out with utmost precision and precaution. Even the slightest negligence can give rise to anomalies which can be classified as defects or discontinuities depending upon their repairability. Non-Destructive Testing or NDT is amode of testing which has been adopted by industries for decades to test mass manufactured products for anomalies. This paper discusses various NDT methods, such as Visual Testing, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Penetrant Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Radiographic Testing, Acoustic Emission and Eddy Current Testing. The paper also discusses how technical advancements have broadened the scope of NDT even in industries that may not be manufacturing oriented, indicating that NDT is not limited to detection of anomalies. Even though these developments have made NDT more favourable, this paper highlights the fact that these techniques are mostly manual and heavily dependent upon inspectors' knowledge and experience, leaving room for errors. This paper also discusses the key challenges and future scope in the field of NDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Automotive industry is one of the biggest emerging sectors in terms of revenue. Every automotive industry has an indispensable need for optimum manufacturing scheduling systems for generating good revenues and profits. This need can be pulled off by identifying and prioritizing the scheduling parameters. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is one of the best techniques of operation research in selecting the best parameters or factors among the various alternatives. This study includes the identification and prioritization of the various important scheduling parameters (SPs) in the Indian automotive industry. The twelve scheduling parameters have been identified in this study and these parameters are prioritized by the fuzzy- Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Model (DEMATEL). The expert’s views are gathered from the five automobile industries. Makespan, energy consumption, due date, and travel time are the crucial parameters obtained using Fuzzy TOPSIS. The least important parameters obtained using Fuzzy TOPSIS are work in process, flow time, and release date. The most influential parameters identified using the DEMATEL method are completion time and processing time. This study is valuable for every industry and research organization in the field of the automobile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]