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The experiment was conducted during January, 2022 to January, 2023 at the Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Navsari, Gujarat, India to identify polymorphisms in HSP 70 gene. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) known as molecular chaperones are essential for cells' ability to recover from stress and serve as the primary defence mechanism within cells. They are extremely conserved and essential to the response to heat stress and cellular thermotolerance. Even though there are numerous HSP genes, in livestock species, heat tolerance is primarily associated with HSP 70. This gene polymorphisms have been linked to heat tolerance, milk production, fertility and cattle susceptibility to disease. They can be utilised as genetic markers to help choose animals that are more resilient to climate change, have stronger immune systems and perform better overall. A 220 bp fragment of bovine HSP 70 gene was subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique to identify the polymorphism. PCR-SSCP pattern was associated with the thermotolerance traits in Kankrej cattle using the univariate GLM model of SPSS 26. HSP 70 gene (220 bp fragment) was found to be monomorphic documented on SSCP gel which revealed only one genotype (AA) in all Kankrej cattle. It is concluded that genotype and its association with thermotolerance traits were found to be non-significant. However, The HSP 70 polymorphism is expected to strongly predict cattle heat tolerance, aiding in selection for thermotolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is a key player in the development of thermotolerance among the several members of the HSP superfamily, which function as a molecular chaperon by attaching to denaturing proteins and stabilising them while maintaining their activity. The current study intended to screen the HSP70 gene in cattle of the Kankrej breed for polymorphisms and potential variations in thermotolerance. A 295 bp fragment of HSP70 gene was subjected to PCR - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) in 100 Kankrej cattle. Association of thermolerance traits, viz., rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate with identified genotypes were analyzed for different seasons. Three SSCP patterns, viz., AA, AB and BB and consequently two alleles namely A and B were documented in fragment of HSP70 gene. Comparative association of identified genotypes with different heat tolerance traits were found non-significant. However, it is anticipated that the polymorphism at HSP70 may be a strong predictor of cow heat tolerance, which could help with thermotolerance selection screening large number of samples and future genetic improvement in breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Surti is a dual-purpose goat breed of Gujarat. The bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), a gene of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily ligands, plays a role in ovulation and litter size. Mutation in the Exon-2 region of BMP15 gene with base size 575 bp increases litter size. Based on the known mutation information in goat and sheep PCR primers were designed to screen polymorphism in total 100 Surti goats, 50 Surti goats from University farm and 50 Surti goats from field units of the Southern part of Gujarat. Two polymorphic sites were found during the study, one at 500 bp and another at 400 bp. Based on this polymorphism, three genotypes were denoted as AA, AB, and AC for a wild or non-polymorphic region of 575 bp, polymorphic region at 500 bp, and polymorphic region at 400 bp, respectively. The AA, AB, and AC genotypic frequency was 0.58, 0.29, and 0.13 with average kidding rate 3.01 ± 0.09, 4.65 ± 0.32 and 2.84 ± 0.24, respectively. Polymorphic region of BMP15 gene at 500 bp (AB genotype) might be used as marker genotype for higher kidding rate at early age selection of female Surti goat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]