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Objective: To assess the bacterial colonisation of mice organs and faeces infected with 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, to measure levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-beta and interleukin-6 in mice serum, and to evaluate immune response of mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Method: The animal study was conducted at Kafreslsheikh University, Egypt, in 2021, and comprised mice 5-7 weeks old who were infected with 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae; K80uge+ (uri, kfu+, mrkD+; K68 gyrA+(gyrase A), mrkD+; and K84 uge+, kfu+, mrkD+”. They were monitored for 14 days. The bacterial colonisation of mice livers, lungs, spleens and faeces were determined using culture on MacConkey agar. The percentage of neutrophils detected as cluster of differentiation 11b+ and cluster of differentiation 45+ in the mice serum was determined by flow cytometry. Levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and tumour necrosis factor-beta were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There were 4 sets of female mice [1 control and 3 infected groups for which 3 K. pneumoniae strains (K80 uge+, kfu+, mrkD+; K68 gyrA+, mrkD+; and K84 “uge+, kfu+, mrkD+)] weighing 13-24gm was used. Colonisation of mice organs and faeces was high after 24 hours then declined rapidly after 3 days, 10 days and 14 days in case of infection with capsulated and non-capsulated strains of bacteria. Livers, lungs and spleens showed maximum inflammation after 24 hours, then declined rapidly. Both cytokine production and organ inflammation increased after one day of infection. There was a significant correlation between the produced cytokines and histopathological changes in liver, lung and spleen. The neutrophils increase in case of infection with K84 and K80 was more than non-capsulated K68. Conclusion: Neutrophils were found to play an important role in the clearance and treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Keywords: Mice, Interleukin, Neutrophils, Spleen, Cytometry, Lung, Inflammation, Liver, Faeces, Enzyme, Immunity.

Objective: To genotypically assess the relationship between certain resistance and virulence determinants. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, from March 2019 to May 2021, and comprised pathological samples, like blood, sputum, urine, vaginal swabs and wound swabs, that had been taken from patients who had never received treatment. The sample were collected from Kafrelsheikh and Mansoura University hospitals, and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained. Resistance and virulence determinants were tested phenotypically. Uniplex polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of several resistanceaccompanied genes and virulence genes in the isolates. Disc diffusion method was used to assess the isolates’ susceptibility in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria for identifying diverse resistance patterns. Results: There were 23 isolates from 16 patients. Of the tested isolates, 22(95.65%) showed drug resistance; 19(82.6%) had multidrug resistance, and 3(13.04%) had extensive drug resistance. There was no case of pan drug resistance. CTX-M-15, NDM, CTX-M-1, VIM-1 and qnr B genes were detected in 14(60.86%), 13(56.5%), 6(26.08%), 6(26.08%) and 6(26.08%) isolates, respectively. Moreover, 6(26.08%) isolates exhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, and 12(52.17%) of such isolates contained both CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-15 genes, 6 and 33.3% contained CTX-M-1, CTXM- 15 and fox genes. Type 3 fimbriae adhesin mrkD and mucoviscosity regulatory gene uge were found in the tested isolates. However, gene of iron uptake system kfu was found in 8(34.78%) isolates, and increased serum survival protein is and mucoviscosity accompanied gene magA were detected in 3(13.04%) isolates. A direct correlation was found among 5 from 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Conclusion: There was a direct correlation between the existence of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials. Keywords: Lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Anti-bacterial, Virulence, Bacterial, Genes.

Objective: To assess the potential role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 as a staging marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: The experimental study was conducted at Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, from December 2020 to March 2022 after approval from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, and comprised male albino rats. The subjects were divided into 4 groups. The control group was administrated a single intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while the other groups were generated post-induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. The induction was done by injecting rats intraperitoneally with a single dose of 200mg/kg diethyl nitrosamine, followed by the administration of 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in drinking water daily. Rats were euthanised at 8, 16 and 24 weeks after the injection to obtain three groups related to the 3 stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum was used for measuring the alpha protein level. Liver homogenates were used for the assessment of the hepatic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 expression, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein expression, and the hepatic content of matrix metalloproteinase -9 and cyclin D1. Data was analysed using Graph Prism 8. Results: Of the 24 rats with weight range 120-130g, 6(25%) were in each of the 4 groups. The relative protein and messenger ribonucleic acid tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 expressions were significantly decreased in the intervention groups compared to the control group, with more decline as the hepatocellular carcinoma stage increased. The matrix metalloproteinase -9 and cyclin D1 concentrations and the relative hepatic protein Ki67 expression were significantly raised in the intervention groups compared to the control group (p

The study focuses on the integration of a fuzzy logic-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system, an optimized proportional Integral-based voltage controller, and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm into a solar PV battery setup. This integrated approach aims to enhance energy harvesting efficiency under varying environmental conditions. The study’s innovation lies in effectively addressing challenges posed by diverse environmental factors and loads. The utilization of MATLAB 2022a Simulink for modeling and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm for PI-controller tuning further strengthens our findings. Testing scenarios, including constant and variable irradiation, underscore the significant enhancements achieved through the integration of fuzzy MPPT and the Jellyfish Optimization Algorithm with the PI-based voltage controller. These enhancements encompass improved power extraction, optimized voltage regulation, swift settling times, and overall efficiency gains.

Foams used in drilling can be contaminated by formation influx containing oil. The stability and flow behavior of foam are affected when it comes into contact with oil. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of oil on foam drainage and rheology under high-pressure conditions.Drainage and rheology experiments were performed introducing different types of oils (mineral oil, light crude oil, and heavy crude oil) into the surfactant solution at varying concentrations. The tests were performed at three different foam qualities (40%, 50% & 60%). To determine the drainage, the foam was first generated in a flow loop and its rheology was measured. Subsequently, its drainage was evaluated by trapping it in a vertical test section (stability cell) and measuring the pressure profile of the foam column trapped in the cell using ten pressure sensors. The foam drainage was determined as a function of time by analyzing the pressure profile data. Tests were conducted under ambient temperature (25 ± 3 °C).The results show how the foam drainage and rheology were affected by oil type and concentration. Low-quality foam (40%) showed a slight stabilizing effect with increasing mineral oil concentration. However, high-quality foams (50% and 60%) destabilized with increasing the concentration of the mineral oil. Crude oil type was found to affect the stability of the foams. Light crude oil had a more destabilizing effect as compared to heavy crude oil.

Oilfield-produced water (PW) can be cleaned using a variety of techniques. However, traditional methods are often expensive and can generate secondary waste that pollutes the environment. In addition, PWs contain highly stable micronized dispersed oil, which makes conventional treatment ineffective in meeting regulatory requirements. As a result of their unique properties, magnetized nanoparticles can effectively remove emulsified and dissolved oil from PW. This study aims to evaluate the residual oil removal efficiency of bare maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles in treating oilfield-produced water (produced water).Several techniques for manufacturing maghemite nanoparticles were evaluated to select one that is both cost-effective and produces high-quality nanoparticles. After manufacturing nanoparticles with the selected method, the mineral composition and properties of the nanoparticles were determined. Subsequent experiments used synthetic and commercial nanoparticles to treat samples of PWs derived from oil and gas wells. By measuring the oil content of PW before and after treatment, the removal efficiencies of the nanoparticles were determined. Nanoparticles were recovered from treated PW samples, washed, and reused. Over ten times, they were recycled. The recycling potential of nanoparticles is evaluated by assessing the reduction in oil removal efficiency after recycling. Using fresh nanoparticles, over 98% of residual oil can be removed. Even after recycling more than 11 times, the oil content of treated PW samples was below the disposal limit. However, a slight reduction in the efficiency of the nanoparticles was observed. The reduction could be attributed to their dissolution in water and carryover during the treatment/demulsification operation.

Rust, induced by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is one of the most serious bean diseases. The involved mechanisms in rust resistance were evaluated in 10 common bean genotypes during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The disease parameters such as final rust severity (FRS%), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease increase rate (r-value) were lower in the resistant genotypes than in highly susceptible genotypes. Biochemical compounds such as total phenols and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were increased in the resistant genotypes compared to susceptible genotypes. In the resistance genotypes, the levels of oxidative stress markers such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•−) increased dramatically after infection. The electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%), was found to be much greater in susceptible genotypes than resistant genotypes. The resistant gene SA14, which was found in genotypes Nebraska and Calypso at 800 bp, had an adequate level of resistance to bean rust with high grain yield potential. After infection, the transcriptions levels of 1,3-D-glucanases and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) were higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible genotypes. In conclusion, the resistant genotypes successfully displayed desirable agronomic traits and promising expectations in breeding programs for improving management strategies of common bean rust disease. The resistance was mediated by antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds, and defense gene expressions, as well as the resistant gene SA14.

Introduction: Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells, producing ATP through the electron transport chain to supply energy for cellular activities. Beyond energy production, mitochondria play crucial roles in cellular signaling, stress responses, and the regulation of reactive oxygen species. In plants, mitochondria are one of the keys to responding to environmental stresses which can significantly affect crop productivity, particularly in crops like wheat. RNA editing, a post-transcriptional RNA modification process in mitochondria, is linked to regulating these stress responses. Methods: This study explores RNA editing patterns in the nad9 gene of wheat drought-tolerant (Giza168) and drought-sensitive (Gemmiza10) wheat cultivars under drought stress to understand plant adaptation mechanisms. RNA-seq data for these cultivars were analyzed using CLC Genomic Workbench to identify RNA editing sites in the nad9 gene, examining subsequent amino acid changes and predicting secondary structure modifications. These RNA editing sites were validated using qRT-PCR on drought-treated seedlings at 0, 2, and 12 hours post-treatment. Protein models were generated using AlphaFold, with functional predictions and structure verification conducted using various bioinformatics tools to investigate the effect of RNA editing on protein level. Results: The results showed significant RNA editing events, especially C-to-T conversions, in the nad9 gene across different drought exposure times. Giza168 had 22 editing sites, while Gemmiza10 had 19, with several showing significant differences between control and stress conditions. RNA editing influenced the NAD9 protein's secondary structure, particularly beta sheets, and 3D modeling highlighted the structural impacts of these edits. The N-terminal region of NAD9 contained important regulatory motifs, suggesting a complex regulatory environment. Discussion: This study reveals key editing sites that differ between drought-tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars, impacting NAD9 protein structures and highlighting the role of RNA editing in enhancing drought resilience. Additionally, the study suggests potential regulatory mechanisms, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination that influence mitochondrial stability and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to study a new relationship among L -fuzzy quasi-proximity spaces, L -fuzzy closure spaces and L -fuzzy interior spaces and their properties are considered, where L is a complete residuated lattice. Moreover, the Galois connections between L -fuzzy quasi-proximity spaces, L -fuzzy closure spaces and L -fuzzy interior spaces are investigated. We present an example through fuzzy information system which confirms the feasibility of using the proposed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]