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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, occur when the pancreas does not make sufficient amount of insulin. Hyperglycaemia leads to severe injure especially the nerves and blood vessels (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy). According to World Health Organization the diabetic people is expected to increase up to 300 million or more by the year 2025. We searched the scientific database using various original research articles, clinical trials, meta analysis, patent reports, validation study, observational study, review articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Google by using the keyword. After an initial search, 528 articles were identified, out of which 50 articles had required criteria for the comparative study and meta-analysis of related topics. Herbal plants were extremely venerated source of medicine in Ayurveda and now they have become a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. It also reveals the information about the most recent innovation in the treatment of Type-I and Type II Diabetes mellitus. These reviews have proven that the herbal drugs were used for the treatment of Type II Diabetes mellitus worldwide. It also reveals that new approaches of nanotechnology were good choice for the management of Diabetes mellitus now a days. Hopefully, these new kind of treatment may help in making the everyday lives of millions of diabetes patients more comfortable.

The aim of present research work was to prepare and evaluate the controlled release bilayered tablet of Nicardipine HCL to improve its bioavailability for the treatment of hypertension. To minimize critical process parameters, two layer compression method was used for the formulation of Bilayered tablets. The appropriate formulation was achieved successfully with the combination of Polymers MCC, Carbopol 71G and HPMC K100M produced desired release profile for Metoprolol succinate extended release layer. The combination of disintegrating agents that is Sodium starch glycolate and Dicalcium phosphate produced desired release rate for Nicardipine immediate release layer. The results reveal that formulation F7 has met the objective of controlled drug release for over a period of 12 hrs. The formulation F7 ascertained the efficacy of the controlled released Bilayered tablet of Nicardipine and Metoprolol ER tablet in hypertension. This sustained release Bilayered tablet with the combination of Nicardipine and metoprolol can be used in the management of different types of hypertension. The formulation F7 of combination of Nicardipine and metoprolol showed controlled release profile among the other, Hence it was considered as an optimized formulation.

Nowadays solar cell is one of the best techniques for energy harvesting, we are using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite material for solar cells applications. One of the most exciting developments in photovoltaics over recent years has been the emergence of perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) as a promising new material for low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics. In this paper, we are assuming the layer of perovskite free from defects. A solar cell simulation software GPVDM, which works as a popular solar cell simulation tool (AMPS: Analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures) was used. The simulation model solves drift–diffusion of electron and hole, carrier continuity equations in position space to describe the movement of charge within the device, poison’s equation, and recombination of charge carriers.