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The interaction between different types of substituents in dicarbollide ligands and their influence on the stabilization of various rotational conformers (rotamers) of transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes [3,3′-M(1,2-C2B9H11)2]− are considered. It has been shown that the formation of intramolecular CH···X hydrogen bonds between dicarbollide ligands is determined by the size of the proton acceptor atom X rather than its electronegativity. Due to the stabilization of rotamers with different dipole moments, intramolecular hydrogen bonds between ligands in transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes can have a significant impact on the biological properties of their derivatives. In the presence of external complexing metals, weak intramolecular CH···X hydrogen bonds can be broken to form stronger X—>M donor-acceptor bonds. This process is accompanied by the mutual rotation of dicarbollide ligands and can be used in sensors and molecular switches based on transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as leading photon detectors in experimental physics since their introduction in the late 1990s. With performance characteristics superior to those of traditional photodetectors, SiPMs exhibit up to 60% photon detection efficiency, rapid signal rise times, and resistance to magnetic fields. Their solid-state construction enables mass production, compactness, and high spatial resolution, facilitating their integration into a wide range of experimental setups. Although susceptible to radiation damage, mitigation strategies are being studied to allow their reliable operation even in environments with elevated radiation levels. SiPMs excel in detecting low levels of light, making them well suited for applications involving scintillation and Cherenkov light. Their ability to operate effectively at cryogenic temperatures allows the construction of a new class of multi-tons rare event search experiments such as Darkside-20k. Insensitivity to the magnetic field and mitigation of the radiation damages are making SiPMs well-suited to be used in accelerator driven physics such as Cherenkov light detectors for Particle IDentification (PID) in the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]