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Abstract Nowadays, treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has been enriched with novel therapeutical strategies. Metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT) is a continuous and frequent administration of chemotherapy at a lower dose and so whit less toxicity. Thus, this strategy could be attractive for elderly MBC patients. Aim of this analysis is to provide insights into mCHT’s activity in a real-life setting of elderly MBC patients. Data of patients ≥ 75 years old included in VICTOR-6 study were analyzed. VICTOR-6 is a multicentre, Italian, retrospective study, which collected data on mCHT in MBC patients treated between 2011 and 2016. A total of 112 patients were included. At the beginning of mCHT, median age was 81 years (75–98) and in 33% of the patients mCHT was the first line choice. Overall Response Rate (ORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) were 27.9% and 79.3%, respectively. Median PFS ranged between 7.6 and 9.1 months, OS between 14.1 and 18.5 months. The most relevant toxicity was the hematological one (24.1%); severe toxicity (grade 3–4) ranged from 0.9% for skin toxicity up to 8% for hematologic one. This is a large study about mCHT in elderly MBC patients, providing insights to be further investigated in this subgroup of frail patients.

Electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia provides an interesting pathway for wastewater treatment and valorization. Cu-based catalysts are active for the conversion of NO 3 - to NO 2 - but suffer from an inefficient hydrogenation process of NO 2 - . Herein, Cu x O/N-doped graphdiyne (Cu x O/N-GDY) with pyridine N configuration are in situ prepared in one pot. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of pyridinic N in GDY and Cu x O, the prepared Cu x O/N-GDY tested in a commercial H-cell achieved a faradaic efficiency of 85% toward NH 3 at -0.5 V versus RHE with a production rate of 340 µmol h -1  mg cat -1 in 0.1 M KNO 3 . When integrating the Cu x O/N-GDY in an anion exchange membrane flow electrolyzer, a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 89% is achieved at a voltage of 2.3 V and the production rate is 1680 µmol h -1  mg cat -1 at 3.3 V in 0.1 M KNO 3 at room temperature. Operation at 40 °C further promoted the overall reaction kinetics of NO 3 - to NH 3 , but penalized its selectivity with respect to hydrogen evolution reaction. The high selectivity and production rate in this device configuration demonstrate its potential for industrial application., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

High-throughput testing of photoelectrochemical cells and materials under well-defined operating conditions can accelerate the discovery of new semiconducting materials, the characterization of the phenomena occurring at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface, or the understanding of the coupled multi-physics transport phenomena of a complete working cell. However, there have been few high-throughput systems capable of dealing with complete cells and applying variations in real-life operating conditions, like temperature or irradiance. Understanding the effects of the variations of these real-life operating conditions on the performance of photoelectrode materials requires reliable and reproducible measurements. In this work, we report on a setup that simultaneously tests ten individual, identical photoelectrochemical cells whilst controlling temperature. The effects of temperature from 26 to 65 °C were studied in tin-doped hematite photoanodes for water splitting - as a reference case - through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The increase of surface-state-mediated charge recombination with temperature mainly penalized the energy conversion efficiency due to the reduction of the photovoltage produced. For parallel measurements in the ten individual cells, standard deviations from 20 to 60 mV for the onset potentials and less than 0.2 mA cm -2 for saturation current densities quantified the reproducibility of the results., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)