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The digital age thrives on image processing, a technology critical for healthcare and security. This paper proposes a robust approach to improve image quality and empower further analysis through innovative preprocessing techniques. Our approach attempts to implement image data systematically, ensuring it's ready for advanced processing. Standardization with Bicubic Interpolation: Input images are resized to a uniform dimension using Bicubic Interpolation. This ensures compatibility within datasets, regardless of their original sizes, while preserving the image's proportions. Separating Brightness for Sharper Analysis: Images are converted from RGB to YCbCr color space. This separates the image data into brightness (luma) and color (chrominance) components. Focusing on the bright information is crucial for noise reduction and edge detection. Enhanced Clarity with NoiseNixie Rejuvenation Filter: Our novel NoiseNixie Rejuvenation Filter (NNRF) tackles noise, a standard image quality hurdle. This filter incorporates noise variation and light correction adjustments, resulting in sharper and clearer images. Fast Fourier Transform for Refined Processing: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) converts image data into the frequency domain. This transformation unveils hidden patterns within the image and allows for precise adjustments. The data is then converted back using the Inverse FFT, preparing the image for in-depth analysis. By implementing these techniques, our preprocessing pipeline empowers researchers and practitioners to unlock valuable insights from image data. This comprehensive approach paves the way for advancements in image processing across various applications. From medical imaging to autonomous vehicles, high-quality image analysis is essential, and this method provides a robust foundation for achieving that goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deriving a molecule (1) and its derivative (2) is the focus of the present study, and the different entities are to be compared and contrasted. Employing microwave as an assisting unit, the synthesis of (E)-3-(2,5-dimethoxy)-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) was conducted using the relevant ketones and aldehydes. Starting from analogue (1), cyclization reaction by implementing the reflux method being used to yield pyrazoline derivative (2). These compounds underwent a preliminary characterization through IR spectroscopy. Together, the Auxiliary scans were performed spending the 6-311++G(d,p)/B3LYP method. Geometry of fully optimized structure with their binding informations, orbitals nature in molecules, electrostatic locations, values of dipole moments and atomic charges designed Mulliken’s were anticipated. From these values, the reactive sites, molecules ability to accept or release a electron tendency, global descriptive parameters are noted. In addition to these studies, the pharmokinetical behaviours are predicted by pkCSM and SwissADME tools. Further, the anti-inflammatory behaviour of molecules 1 and 2 are projected by molecular docking method with COX-II enzyme (pdb id : 3LN1). The docking interactions are better for both molecules and significantly important when compared with standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Function of placenta decides fetal growth. There are studies which relate size of infant at birth with placenta weight. If placenta weight is >normal, then infants are affected with respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Higher weight is associated with complications in child, and low placenta weight is associated with maternal complications Objective: To study relation between maternal characteristics with fetal and placental weight Methods: Hospital based prospective study was carried out among 475 mothers. Birth weight of newborn was measured with standard instrument and standard technique. Placenta was removed, umbilical cord removed, trimmed and weighed as per standard guidelines. Results: Majority (62.3%) belonged to 18-24 years. Majority (64.4%) were high risk. As the gestational age increased, the mean birth weight and the placental weight also increased (p<0.05). Birth weight to placental weight ratio did not increase or decrease (p>0.05). Birth weight was significantly more in those without high risk pregnancy compared to those with high risk pregnancy (p<0.05). Placental weight was also more in those without high risk pregnancy compared to those with high risk pregnancy but it was not significant (p>0.05). Birth weight was slightly more in male babies compared to the female babies, but this difference was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Similarly the placental weight was slightly more in male babies compared to the female babies, but this difference was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: As the gestational age increased, the birth weight and placental weight increased but the their ratio remained same. It was not related with the parity and fetal gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the uterus is the identity of any woman. Hence, apart from physical complications, there can be emotional and psychological disturbances as well after the hysterectomy. The experts opine that about 70% of the hysterectomy may not be appropriate for those women. All possible options for conservative therapy should be explored before planning for surgical approach. Objective: To study the Clinical profile and Complications associated with hysterectomy Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out among 405 women undergoing hysterectomy. Their age, parity, co-morbidities, presenting complaints, different approaches for hysterectomy and complications were noted. The data was described as percentages. Results: Majority (67.4%) were 41-50 years. Majority (83.6%) were multipara. Anemia was most common seen in 48.5%. Most common presenting complaint was abnormal uterine bleeding in 52%. Most common indication for hysterectomy was fibroid in 42.7%. Most common procedure performed for hysterectomy was Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in 29.2% followed by TAH+ unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 15.3%. Only 28.3% had complications during surgery and in that most common was Hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 26.2%. Incidence of bladder injury was 0.7%. Pain was most common immediate post-operative complication in 20.7%. All cases were followed for one year after surgery. Nine had some complications in which vault prolapse was seen in 1.4% of cases. Conclusion: Hysterectomy is commonly performed in fourth decade of life among multipara. Correction for anemia is required before hysterectomy. Mostly they present with abnormal uterine bleeding and fibroid is the most common indication. TAH is commonly done procedure and overall, the complications are less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Determination of gestational age and expected date of delivery are important for maternal and fetal well-being. Most commonly used method is last menstrual period (LMP). To overcome the limitations of the LMP, ultrasonographic parameters are used. Objective: To study the correlation of gestational age based on LMP with various ultrasonographic parameters among healthy pregnant women. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 285 healthy pregnant women. LMP was determined by asking the women their last menstrual period and also cross-checked from the available records. The ultrasonographic parameters like biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) were studied. Results: Majority of the women belonged to the age of 18-24 years (49.5%). Majority (41.4%) were primi. BPD, AC and TCD were positively correlated with gestational age by LMP (p<0.05). FL and HC were also positively correlated with gestational age by LMP but their coefficient of determination was not significant (p>0.05). For all parameters, as gestational age increased, their values also increased. Scatter plots of TCD, BPD and AC showed that there is a linear relation with the gestational age by LMP. But, the scatter plot of the HC and FL had no linear relation between the gestational age by LMP. Conclusion: The biparietal diameter, transverse cerebellar diameter and abdominal circumference showed a strong linear relationship with the gestational age by LMP. The FL and AC had no linear relation with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Intelligent Moving Robots (IMR) are designed to understand instructions and act accordingly in an independent manner. They use sensors that operate with the help of the Internet of Things(IoT) and Deep Learning (DL) for interpreting and navigating the directions following environmental conditions. Recent advancements use the Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS) to model an efficient engineering system. In this work, a hybrid fuzzy inference system, MSFIS(Mamdani-Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System), is proposed along with Adaptive Deep Belief Networks(ADBN) for identifying and tracing the Direction Finding(DF) capability of the IMR. The MSFIS uses parameters in the range 4:4 (4 Input and 4 Output Parameters). The inputs used are Front View (FV), Left View(LV), Right View(RV), and Back View(BV), and the output (4 directions) might depend on the speed of the wheels used in the Robot. Four directions are used at the output for navigation purposes. The results obtained from simulating the experiments confirm that the suggested navigation controller demonstrates superior viability, efficiency, and resilience. Compared with the existing system, the proposed system outperforms well in accuracy and sensitivity, proving it is well efficient in navigating any new environment.

Intro: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugbmushi, is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacific region and it is also endemic in the countries of south and southeast Asia. As most of the clinical features are nonspecific, it causes major diagnostic as well as management challenge [1]. This study was aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical and hematological profiles of eschar positive scrub typhus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during1st of May 2020- 31st October 2020 in medical units of Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Data were collected using designed data collection form and the relevant laboratory and clinical data retrieved from the patients’ records and were analyzed using SPSS26. Findings: Total of 85 participants who had fever and eschar as defined by case definition were recruited for this study. Mean duration of fever was 5.92+2.06. Majority of them (56.47%) had fever more than 5 days. Eschar was mainly found in axilla (35.3%) followed by groin (16.5%), torso (10.6%), arms (9.4%), head (7.1%), sub-mammary (7.1%), thigh (5.9%), umbilicus (3.5%), genitalia 2.4% and legs 2.4%with decreasing order. Apart from fever, body aches, headache and sore throat were among the commonest symptoms. Amongst the clinical signs, the regional lymphadenopathy was the commonest (42%) sign, followed by hepatomegaly (12.9%) and splenomegaly (11.8%). The commonest respiratory sign was bilateral crepitation observed in 12.9% of them. Haematological features of patients included thrombocytopenia (54.1%), eosinophilia (55.3%), elevated ESR (81.2%) and CRP (94.4%), neutrophilia (32.9%) and lymphocytosis (12.9%). Majority of the patients showed elevated liver enzymes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the diagnosis of Scrub typhus is quite difficult in our setting due to lack of availability of the diagnostic test and non-specific clinical presentation. However, the high degree of suspicion, extensive clinical examination and the basic haematological and biochemical tests would support the diagnosis.

Today, we completely rely on Information Technology (IT) applications for every aspect of daily life, including business and online transactions. In addition to using these IT-enabled applications for business purposes, we also use WhatsApp, Facebook, and a variety of other IT applications to communicate with others. However, there will undoubtedly be a drawback to every benefit. Since everything is linked to the Internet, there are many opportunities for security to be compromised. To address this, we are working to identify security threats early on in the software development process, specifically during the requirements phase. During the requirement engineering process, an engineer can recognize the security specifications in a more structured manner to create threat-free software. In our research work, we suggest the Identification of Security Threats during Requirement Engineering (ISTDRE) technique for detecting security risks throughout the requirement engineering process. The four points that make up this ISTDRE technique are Hack Point (HP), Speculation Point (SP), Trust Point (TP), and Reliable Point (RP). The new ISTDRE methodology will be validated using a case study of an ERP system involving two currently used methodologies: Model Oriented Security Requirements Engineering (MOSRE) and System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study., (Copyright © 2022 R. Subha and Anandakumar Haldorai.)