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Objetives: The adoption of vaccines was a crucial factor in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination rates between rural and urban areas varied greatly. In this paper, our objective is to understand the individual and institutional factors associated with the uptake of vaccines in remote rural areas in Colombia., Methods: We interviewed a random sample of 800 households (1,592 individuals) in remote rural areas of Antioquia (Colombia) during February 2022 when vaccinations were available. Then, we use a linear probability model to explain the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine., Results: The results indicate that the probability of having at least the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is positively associated with access to information, trust in police and army, and the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19. Trust in the church is negatively related to vaccination., Conclusion: Institutions can play a critical role in the management of pandemics. Timely information on the risks associated with the disease and perceived riskiness are key factors that mobilize the population to take the COVID-19 vaccine., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cantet, Ibañez, Muñoz-Mora and Quintero.)

Despite significant advances in the epistemological frameworks that guide teacher education in Colombia and elsewhere, it continues to be governed mostly by traditional Eurocentric paradigms. Decolonizing teacher education requires epistemological moves to resignify the plurality of local knowledges and praxis. This article aims at reporting a qualitative research project carried out with three student teachers of a teacher education program with emphasis on English, at a public university in the northeast of Colombia. The main objective was to explore and reflect on how EFL pre-service teachers incorporated knowledge of local communities as resources for language teaching and learning during the practicum. Data were gathered over a three-semester period through pre-service teachers' lesson plans, materials, a final academic report, and a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed based on the principles of thematic data analysis. Findings revealed that student teachers approached knowledge from an ecological perspective coming from different ways of knowing, seeing, being and living in the world. At the same time, the ecology of knowledges helped them to overcome the challenges they faced during the project., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Quintero LM and Olarte Clavijo A.)

Giardia intestinalis is a pollutant of food and water, resistant to conventional disinfection treatments and its elimination requires effective methods action. Herein, mid-high-frequency ultrasound (375 kHz), which produces HO• and H 2 O 2 , was used as an alternative method of treatment to inactivate Giardia intestinalis cysts in water. The effect of ultrasound power (4.0, 11.2, 24.4 W) on the sonogeneration of radicals was tested, showing that 24.4 W was the condition most favorable to treat the parasite. The viability of the protozoan cysts was evaluated using the immunofluorescence technique and vital stains, showing this protocol was useful to quantify the parasite. The sonochemical method (at 375 kHz and 24.4 W) was applied at different treatment times (10, 20, and 40 min). A significant decrease in the protozoan concentration (reduction of 52.4% of viable cysts) was observed after 20 min of treatment. However, the extension of treatment time up to 40 min did not increase the inactivation. Disinfecting action was associated with attacks on the Giardia intestinalis cyst by sonogenerated HO• and H 2 O 2 (which may induce structural damage, even the cell lysis). For future work is recommended to test combinations with UVC or Fenton process to enhance the inactivating action of this method.•Mid-high-frequency ultrasound produces HO• and H 2 O 2 profitable to inactivate Giardia intestinalis .•Immunofluorescence technique and vital stains allowed us to quantify the parasite viability.• Giardia intestinalis cysts concentration decreased by 52.4% after only 20 min of sonication., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.