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ObjectiveTo determine the difference in the prevalence of lymphopenia in the American population according to demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI) and living habits.MethodsA total of 33,365 participants aged over 1 were included in the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). All analyses used weighted samples and considered the layering and clustering of the design.ResultsUsing white participants as a reference, the prevalence of lymphopenia in Mexican-American participants was significantly lower than that of white participants (P = 0.018). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of lymphopenia between black participants (P = 0.376) and white participants. The prevalence of lymphopenia was 1.81% (95%CI, 1.53%-2.10%) for white participants, 1.08% (95%CI, 0.78%-1.39%) for black participants, and 0.42% (95%CI, 0.17%-0.68%) for Mexican-American participants. The prevalence of lymphopenia increases with age, reaching a peak of 6.84% among elderly participants aged 75 and above. In terms of the gender difference, the prevalence of lymphopenia in men is significantly higher than that in women (PConclusionIn the diagnosis and treatment of lymphopenia, clinicians should consider the influence of factors such as race, gender, age, sleep disorders, and other unhealthy lifestyle habits to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing the high mortality risk associated with lymphopenia. Consequently, we propose a novel perspective that the diagnosis and treatment of lymphopenia should be tailored to the lymphocyte levels of specific subpopulations, rather than applying a generalized approach.

Metal halide perovskites are promising energy materials because of their high absorption coefficients, long carrier lifetimes, strong photoluminescence, and low cost. Low-dimensional halide perovskites, especially one-dimensional (1D) halide perovskite nanowires (NWs), have become a hot research topic in optoelectronics owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Herein, we review the synthetic strategies and mechanisms of halide perovskite NWs in recent years, such as hot injection, vapor phase growth, selfassembly, and solvothermal synthesis. Furthermore, we summarize their applications in optoelectronics, including lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells. Finally, we propose possible perspectives for the development of halide perovskite NWs.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention due to their potential for high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the presence of surface traps has hindered further improvements in their performance and stability. To address this issue, a post-annealing treatment with functional molecules has emerged as an effective method for mitigating trap-mediated non-radiative recombination. Herein, 4-aminophenyl sulfone (APS), containing a Lewis base group (S=O), could interact with uncoordinated Pb2+ on the perovskite surface, which not only reduces trap state density but also induces a more p-type surface of the perovskite film. As a result of the APS modification, the device achieved a higher PCE of 23.03%, compared to a pristine device of 21.26%, and the values of open-current voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) were also improved obviously. Moreover, the APS-modified device demonstrated excellent environmental and thermal stability, maintaining 93% and 90% of its initial PCE after 1000 h at a relative humidity of 30% at room temperature and 200 h in an inert environment at 70 °C, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]