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Residency programs that effectively utilize social media (SoMe) have the potential to distinguish themselves and improve their resident recruitment. These platforms allow programs to connect with applicants they otherwise might have limited ability to reach before the interview season. We sought to evaluate the presence of SoMe across diagnostic radiology residency programs and highlight future trends that programs should account for. A list of diagnostic radiology residency programs within the United States was obtained from the American Medical Association (AMA) FREIDA Residency Database. A search for the presence of Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram was performed for each program. Based on the analysis, the most utilized SoMe platform by diagnostic radiology residency programs was Twitter (61.73%), followed by Instagram (47.45%), and then Facebook (37.76%). Given that Twitter was the most utilized, further analysis was done to evaluate the total number of followers and the year of account creation. The results showed that the average program had 1081 ± 1438 followers and the mean year of creation was 2017 ± 2.6 years. Social media is an effective tool to disseminate information efficiently and effectively to prospective residency candidates. It is important that those involved in radiology medical education stay up to date with current and future social media trends while maintaining an active professional presence on these platforms.

Given limited exposure to radiology during the pre-clinical and clinical years, it has been challenging to recruit medical students to radiology. Now, many medical students considering radiology as a career are deterred due to misinformation surrounding how AI implementation will affect radiologists in the future. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way in which medicine is practiced, especially in the field of radiology, and will ultimately support radiologists and advance the specialty. We aimed to provide a basic guide for medical students on the application of artificial intelligence in radiology, address misconceptions, highlight the role radiologists will play in AI development, and discuss the challenges faced in the future.

Introduction:This is a case study of 61 cases admitted in our hospital to study the various etiologies of vocal cord immobility (including both paralysis and paresis of vocal cord) and to study the incidence of vocal cord immobility.Vocal cord paralysis is a common symptom of the disease which can be originated from laryngeal nerve paralysis following laryngeal carcinoma, oesophageal carcinoma, bronchogenic cancers, thyroid neoplasms, surgical procedures in neck and thorax, post anaesthesia complication,or neurologic diseases. Materials and methods:The present study includes all the cases having vocal cord paralysis presenting in out-patient department of Otorhinolaryngology, examination of larynx externally,by indirect laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy was done.All the routine and systemic examination were done. Results:In our study, left vocal cord was the most commonly involved and was observed in 40(65.5%) patients, with neoplasm being the most common cause in 19(31.1%) patients. Right vocal cord involvement was found in 20(32.8%) patients, with neoplasm being the most common cause in 13 (21.3%) patients. The ratio of left side and right side involvement of vocal cord was 2:1 in our study. The longer course of the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve might account for the difference. Conclusion:In our study the etiology which was found to be more common was neoplasms then that of idiopathic causes. The reason behind this could be advanced investigation procedures which allows us to do a thorough work upon any case, but even after that we have found some of Idiopathic causes as well.

TikTok provides opportunity for citizen-led debunking where users correct other users’ misinformation. In the present study (N=1,169), participants either watched and rated the credibility of (1) a misinformation video, (2) a correction video, or (3) a misinformation video followed by a correction video (“debunking”). Afterwards, participants rated both a factual and a misinformation video about the same topic and judged the accuracy of the claim furthered by the misinformation video. We found modest evidence for the effectiveness of debunking on people’s ability to subsequently discern between true and false videos, but stronger evidence on subsequent belief in the false claim itself.

Twitter provides students with a centralized platform to learn about numerous opportunities within radiology. The platform can be immensely beneficial to students by providing opportunities to learn, network, connect with mentors, and find events while also preparing applicants for The Match. Having a prominent Twitter presence can pay dividends in the long term throughout one's training. We aim to provide a guide for medical students on how to create a Twitter account and best utilize the platform.

Objective The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) has been widely applied to CT and MR liver observations in patients at high-risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the impact of CT vs MR in upgrading LI-RADS 3 to LI-RADS 5 observations using a large cohort of high-risk patients. Methods We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study of CT and MR radiographic reports (June 2013 - February 2017) with an assigned LI-RADS category. A final population of 757 individual scans and 212 high-risk patients had at least one LI-RADS 3 observation. Differences in observation time to progression between modalities were determined using uni- and multivariable analysis. Results Of the 212 patients with a LI-RADS 3 observation, 52 (25%) had progression to LI-RADS 5. Tp ranged from 64 - 818 days (median: 196 days). One hundred and three patients (49%) had MR and 109 patients (51%) had CT as their index study. Twenty-four patients with an MR index exam progressed to LI-RADS 5 during the follow-up interval, with progression rates of 22% (CI:13%-30%) at 1 year and 29% (CI:17%-40%) at 2 years. Twenty-eight patients with a CT index exam progressed to LI-RADS 5 during follow-up, with progression rates of 26% (CI:16%-35%) at 1 year and 31% (CI:19%-41%) at 2 years. Progression rates were not significantly different between patients whose LI-RADS 3 observation was initially diagnosed on MR vs CT (HR: 0.81, P = 0.44). Discussion MR and CT modalities are comparable for demonstrating progression from LI-RADS 3 to 5 for high risk patients.

Linear calcinosis cutis is a very rare disorder; reported in association with lichen sclerosus etatrophicus, scleroderma, after intravenous infusion of calcium and acute monocytic leukemia. In available literature, idiopathic zosteriform calcinosis cutis is yet to be described. An 8-year-old child presented with spontaneous painful, slowly progressive, linear band-like nodules over the right half of the chest and back of the trunk. Histopathology with special stains was done to confirm the diagnosis. The patient was treated with diltiazem and responded well. We report a case of idiopathic zosteriform calcinosis cutis because of unusual presentation and rarity of the disorder.

Radiologists have shouldered a myriad of personal and professional burdens during the ongoing pandemic, leading to high levels of stress and burnout. Herein we discuss a set of strategies known as the 8-point program to help radiologists better cope with these stressors. Although the onus should be on leadership at the workplace to implement meaningful strategies to alleviate burnout, individual strategies such as the 8-point program can be beneficial for optimizing radiologist well-being in the read room.

The duodenum can be affected by a variety of abnormalities because of its development during embryogenesis and its dual intra- and retroperitoneal location. If small bowel embryogenesis is disturbed, congenital errors occur. Although some congenital variants may be asymptomatic and inconsequential to the patient, other anomalies can result in life-threatening emergencies such as malrotation, leading to midgut volvulus. Many infectious processes affect the duodenum, including duodenal ulcers and opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS or Crohn disease. Small bowel malignancies are uncommon but important to recognize, because the duodenum can be involved in polyposis syndromes or the development of primary adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma, and metastasis. Although endoscopy is currently the most used diagnostic method to assess the lumen of the upper gastrointestinal tract, fluoroscopy is a valuable adjunct technique and the study of choice for many diseases, specifically those for which anatomic and functional information is required. Fluoroscopy is also commonly used postoperatively to assess for complications such as obstruction and extraluminal leaks. Compared with endoscopy, fluoroscopy is an inexpensive and noninvasive technique that provides salient anatomic information and allows delineation of the duodenal mucosa and assessment of real-time duodenal motility. The authors examine the broad spectrum of conditions that can involve the duodenum, including congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic abnormalities, and review their typical appearances at fluoroscopy.

Radiologists' personal productivity and efficiency are critically important for both improving patient outcomes and protecting clinician well-being. There are several solutions that individuals can implement to improve personal productivity and efficiency in the radiology workroom. Strategies include understanding the psychology behind productivity, using personal productivity methodologies to accomplish daily tasks, and learning to modulate stress to optimize performance. Institutional infrastructure requirements include a robust departmental commitment to information technology and informatics, including universal log-in systems, internal websites, and dashboards. The workstation itself can be optimized by utilizing hanging protocols, customized keyboard shortcuts, hotkeys, advanced scripts, gaming mice, and other input devices. Personal devices like smartphones can be harnessed to maximize productivity by using online storage applications and radiology-specific applications to augment knowledge. Reading room layouts must be designed to minimize interruptions and workstations must consider ergonomics to prevent fatigue and strain. High-efficiency teams also need to be created to allow radiologists to delegate non-clinical tasks to reduce administrative burdens. Lastly, continued advances in artificial intelligence including the use of smart report templates will lead to substantial gains in radiologists' productivity and efficiency.

Aspergillosis is an uncommon fungal infection in which primary cutaneous sites are very rare. Most cases occur in immunocompromised patients and infection in immunocompetent patients, is extremely rare, but an increase in prevalence has been noted in last 20 years. A case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA) in a 40-year-old immunocompetent shopkeeper resident of Jaipur Rajasthan presenting with verrucous growth on the lower lip has been reported in this case study.

Melanonychia is a brownish-black staining of the nail plate. It can affect a single or several nails on both the fingers and toes. Melanocytic activation and melanocytic hyperplasia are the two basic mechanisms involved in the development of melanonychia. Melanocytic activation occurs as enhanced melanic pigmentation of the nail matrix epithelium and nail plate without a corresponding rise in the number of melanocytes, resulting in melanonychia. The number of matrix melanocytes increases in melanocytic hyperplasia. Involvement of a pathogen has also been suggested as a mechanism for its development. A thorough clinical history should be taken, including questions regarding various triggers and causal events, as well as the use of a questionnaire. A proper detailed physical examination is of a great need to properly identify the type of melanonychia and to rule out melanoma which is of great importance in clinical practice. Onychoscopy and nail biopsy also acts as an aid in proper diagnosis of melanonychia. Treatment of melanonychia basically depends on the underlying etiology. One major aim is to rule out melanoma if present and its proper management in time.